Data description

Histogram & boxplot

Updates

Distribution of y (patent counts) with removed states

AR0

p_value = 0.01 only here

Ihs Patent Count

0.01

us_all

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_all (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:15:24 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 1071       
                Sample: 1 to 1071       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                   coef  std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                          0.4083008  1.0988219  0.3716 0.7102874          
                lpop                          0.1228244  0.4683003  0.2623 0.7931644          
                lgdp_sq                      -0.0025070  0.0469877 -0.0534 0.9574611          
                avg_temp                      0.0068327  0.0138781  0.4923 0.6225921          
                idAlaska                      0.1539210  0.9159737  0.1680 0.8665867          
                idArizona                     1.8382916  0.1616847 11.3696 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                   -0.7168372  0.2424386 -2.9568 0.0031851 **       
                idCalifornia                  3.2209333  0.8451921  3.8109 0.0001473 ***      
                idColorado                    2.2892983  0.2814646  8.1335 1.286e-15 ***      
                idConnecticut                 3.0186267  0.3035117  9.9457 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                    2.4677290  0.6843453  3.6060 0.0003271 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia          0.7209092  0.9029629  0.7984 0.4248470          
                idFlorida                     1.6797514  0.5509056  3.0491 0.0023586 **       
                idGeorgia                     1.3623506  0.2966739  4.5921 4.974e-06 ***      
                idHawaii                     -0.5375363  0.6553705 -0.8202 0.4123051          
                idIdaho                       0.9916685  0.5205387  1.9051 0.0570690 .        
                idIllinois                    1.9602000  0.4422827  4.4320 1.042e-05 ***      
                idIndiana                     1.1123096  0.2309947  4.8153 1.708e-06 ***      
                idIowa                        0.5298050  0.2966688  1.7858 0.0744406 .        
                idKansas                      0.2676003  0.2590662  1.0329 0.3018922          
                idKentucky                    0.3155498  0.1558208  2.0251 0.0431362 *        
                idLouisiana                   0.1647656  0.1689486  0.9752 0.3296873          
                idMaine                       0.4117538  0.5864095  0.7022 0.4827496          
                idMaryland                    1.4447747  0.2005713  7.2033 1.190e-12 ***      
                idMassachusetts               2.9174353  0.3024931  9.6446 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                    2.3834103  0.4014407  5.9371 4.053e-09 ***      
                idMinnesota                   2.1991567  0.3389058  6.4890 1.384e-10 ***      
                idMississippi                 0.4722006  0.2609270  1.8097 0.0706553 .        
                idMissouri                    0.8799695  0.1879656  4.6815 3.258e-06 ***      
                idMontana                     0.3083292  0.6827426  0.4516 0.6516567          
                idNebraska                   -0.1643843  0.4368491 -0.3763 0.7067808          
                idNevada                      1.4762358  0.3362792  4.3899 1.260e-05 ***      
                idNewHampshire                1.8174434  0.5737393  3.1677 0.0015851 **       
                idNewJersey                   1.9694370  0.3208803  6.1376 1.225e-09 ***      
                idNewMexico                   1.7177252  0.3667735  4.6833 3.230e-06 ***      
                idNewYork                     2.6626958  0.6465340  4.1184 4.145e-05 ***      
                idNorthCarolina               1.9764854  0.2944006  6.7136 3.250e-11 ***      
                idNorthDakota                 0.0750847  0.8208691  0.0915 0.9271385          
                idOhio                        2.2808536  0.4021139  5.6722 1.867e-08 ***      
                idOklahoma                    0.7611425  0.1541392  4.9380 9.309e-07 ***      
                idOregon                      2.5699610  0.3076473  8.3536 2.308e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                2.2792968  0.4482964  5.0844 4.437e-07 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                 1.9239293  0.6117648  3.1449 0.0017128 **       
                idSouthCarolina               1.4289628  0.1549909  9.2197 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota                -0.1192652  0.7452814 -0.1600 0.8728935          
                idTennessee                   0.3713279  0.2262445  1.6413 0.1010704          
                idTexas                       1.9897210  0.6710861  2.9649 0.0031027 **       
                idUtah                        1.2440041  0.3112346  3.9970 6.908e-05 ***      
                idVermont                     1.0331895  0.8500050  1.2155 0.2244714          
                idVirginia                    1.6074055  0.2678702  6.0007 2.785e-09 ***      
                idWashington                  2.0257263  0.3097028  6.5409 9.944e-11 ***      
                idWestVirginia                0.0530469  0.4050056  0.1310 0.8958200          
                idWisconsin                   1.9586318  0.3080220  6.3587 3.145e-10 ***      
                idWyoming                     1.3722310  0.9389396  1.4615 0.1442151          
                time2000                     -5.0285864  7.6219351 -0.6598 0.5095718          
                time2001                     -4.9954705  7.6254015 -0.6551 0.5125549          
                time2002                     -4.8482729  7.6269593 -0.6357 0.5251398          
                time2003                     -4.7417790  7.6255011 -0.6218 0.5342006          
                time2004                     -4.7608741  7.6272121 -0.6242 0.5326477          
                time2005                     -4.5013649  7.6296969 -0.5900 0.5553437          
                time2006                     -4.3788968  7.6336994 -0.5736 0.5663550          
                time2007                     -4.1804410  7.6326410 -0.5477 0.5840217          
                time2008                     -4.1300235  7.6306223 -0.5412 0.5884658          
                time2009                     -3.8883662  7.6334463 -0.5094 0.6105995          
                time2010                     -3.9579112  7.6369185 -0.5183 0.6043965          
                time2011                     -3.9668617  7.6381702 -0.5193 0.6036388          
                time2012                     -4.0186183  7.6430250 -0.5258 0.5991566          
                time2013                     -4.0807389  7.6362487 -0.5344 0.5931955          
                time2014                     -4.3547357  7.6353652 -0.5703 0.5685826          
                time2015                     -4.3362478  7.6404379 -0.5675 0.5704810          
                time2016                     -4.4248847  7.6428718 -0.5790 0.5627553          
                time2017                     -4.4929644  7.6414055 -0.5880 0.5566870          
                time2018                     -4.4565210  7.6386649 -0.5834 0.5597506          
                time2019                     -4.6152741  7.6369112 -0.6043 0.5457623          
                time2020                     -5.5564505  7.6437372 -0.7269 0.4674475          
                iis65                         1.9123133  0.3908942  4.8922 1.170e-06 ***      
                iis76                         1.1768405  0.3849653  3.0570 0.0022977 **       
                iis168                       -1.2116125  0.3984430 -3.0409 0.0024232 **       
                iis173                       -1.2857973  0.3940167 -3.2633 0.0011402 **       
                iis247                       -1.4694958  0.3883394 -3.7841 0.0001639 ***      
                iis249                       -1.3236139  0.3885699 -3.4064 0.0006857 ***      
                iis250                       -1.6153426  0.3886732 -4.1560 3.528e-05 ***      
                iis364                       -1.4553471  0.3777448 -3.8527 0.0001246 ***      
                iis525                        1.5290323  0.3807494  4.0158 6.387e-05 ***      
                iis527                       -1.3793819  0.3781501 -3.6477 0.0002789 ***      
                iis576                       -1.0505561  0.3851600 -2.7276 0.0064968 **       
                iis721                        1.1903262  0.3830399  3.1076 0.0019419 **       
                iis866                        1.7434342  0.3939148  4.4259 1.071e-05 ***      
                fesisAlaska.2007             -1.2192158  0.2010459 -6.0644 1.905e-09 ***      
                fesisAlaska.2014              0.7904637  0.2040454  3.8740 0.0001144 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2009            0.6482180  0.1723901  3.7602 0.0001801 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009        -0.5982914  0.1656534 -3.6117 0.0003200 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014           -0.8178532  0.1849953 -4.4209 1.095e-05 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -1.2154298  0.2553178 -4.7605 2.230e-06 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2011  1.4669191  0.2464042  5.9533 3.685e-09 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2001              1.3728067  0.3909467  3.5115 0.0004664 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2009             -0.4830059  0.1802577 -2.6795 0.0074991 **       
                fesisLouisiana.2011          -0.8326289  0.2163531 -3.8485 0.0001267 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015           1.0753087  0.2390419  4.4984 7.687e-06 ***      
                fesisMaine.2008               0.6999229  0.1688994  4.1440 3.715e-05 ***      
                fesisMississippi.2004        -1.3986445  0.2076588 -6.7353 2.819e-11 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2012            0.7383887  0.1675422  4.4072 1.166e-05 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012             -0.7433067  0.1854884 -4.0073 6.619e-05 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019              1.0401965  0.2964697  3.5086 0.0004714 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004             -0.7595870  0.2055449 -3.6955 0.0002319 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2005        -0.8176507  0.1931060 -4.2342 2.515e-05 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008       0.8138095  0.1688143  4.8207 1.663e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008         1.2229023  0.1839370  6.6485 4.969e-11 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2019        -1.2583965  0.2845261 -4.4228 1.086e-05 ***      
                fesisTennessee.2005           0.6105224  0.1895153  3.2215 0.0013183 **       
                fesisWestVirginia.2013       -0.5877609  0.1692226 -3.4733 0.0005371 ***      
                fesisWyoming.2003            -0.8272521  0.2389653 -3.4618 0.0005603 ***      
                fesisWyoming.2017            -0.9102405  0.2377471 -3.8286 0.0001372 ***      
                fesisWyoming.2020             1.9366798  0.4256536  4.5499 6.057e-06 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df p-value        
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   3.1879  1 0.07419 .      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 3.5869  1 0.05824 .      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.36470      
                R-squared           0.94193      
                Log-lik.(n=1071) -382.39447      
us_q20

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q20 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:13:43 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 945       
                Sample: 1 to 945       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                   coef  std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                           2.190143   1.540560  1.4217 0.1554988          
                lpop                           0.310336   0.468498  0.6624 0.5078933          
                lgdp_sq                       -0.069340   0.058361 -1.1881 0.2351177          
                avg_temp                       0.021949   0.014258  1.5395 0.1240663          
                idArizona                      1.710079   0.159635 10.7124 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                    -0.490227   0.273937 -1.7896 0.0738860 .        
                idCalifornia                   2.847941   0.818476  3.4796 0.0005281 ***      
                idColorado                     2.424730   0.291039  8.3313 3.249e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                  3.185928   0.311164 10.2388 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                     3.104791   0.668886  4.6417 4.009e-06 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia           1.298101   0.877943  1.4786 0.1396308          
                idFlorida                      1.150423   0.539912  2.1308 0.0333994 *        
                idGeorgia                      1.070143   0.298591  3.5840 0.0003579 ***      
                idHawaii                      -0.288396   0.641083 -0.4499 0.6529292          
                idIdaho                        1.711715   0.542500  3.1552 0.0016610 **       
                idIllinois                     1.784309   0.443013  4.0277 6.145e-05 ***      
                idIndiana                      1.101539   0.234619  4.6950 3.114e-06 ***      
                idIowa                         0.818070   0.294399  2.7788 0.0055785 **       
                idKansas                       0.486406   0.252419  1.9270 0.0543200 .        
                idKentucky                     0.390518   0.151695  2.5744 0.0102130 *        
                idLouisiana                    0.028926   0.172335  0.1678 0.8667424          
                idMaine                        1.428462   0.601066  2.3765 0.0176993 *        
                idMaryland                     1.402995   0.212192  6.6119 6.751e-11 ***      
                idMassachusetts                2.930502   0.319697  9.1665 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                     2.370947   0.402129  5.8960 5.397e-09 ***      
                idMinnesota                    2.388006   0.349677  6.8292 1.640e-11 ***      
                idMissouri                     0.852091   0.189443  4.4979 7.831e-06 ***      
                idNebraska                     0.842900   0.478654  1.7610 0.0786067 .        
                idNevada                       1.805913   0.329085  5.4877 5.397e-08 ***      
                idNewHampshire                 2.522298   0.574376  4.3914 1.271e-05 ***      
                idNewJersey                    1.848160   0.331553  5.5742 3.353e-08 ***      
                idNewMexico                    2.118330   0.369206  5.7375 1.342e-08 ***      
                idNewYork                      2.540762   0.638946  3.9765 7.598e-05 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                1.759387   0.294846  5.9672 3.560e-09 ***      
                idOhio                         2.136975   0.401010  5.3290 1.270e-07 ***      
                idOklahoma                     0.816441   0.147023  5.5532 3.767e-08 ***      
                idOregon                       2.835370   0.301061  9.4179 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                 2.150963   0.447011  4.8119 1.773e-06 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                  2.671233   0.620445  4.3054 1.864e-05 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                1.411068   0.143808  9.8121 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota                  0.883548   0.773143  1.1428 0.2534476          
                idTennessee                    0.295466   0.219492  1.3461 0.1786231          
                idTexas                        1.528768   0.654744  2.3349 0.0197834 *        
                idUtah                         1.734123   0.319179  5.4331 7.264e-08 ***      
                idVermont                      2.209978   0.889632  2.4841 0.0131805 *        
                idVirginia                     1.476210   0.276667  5.3357 1.226e-07 ***      
                idWashington                   2.066607   0.322337  6.4113 2.407e-10 ***      
                idWisconsin                    2.111343   0.314584  6.7115 3.546e-11 ***      
                time2000                     -19.274078  10.253217 -1.8798 0.0604810 .        
                time2001                     -19.245471  10.256465 -1.8764 0.0609445 .        
                time2002                     -19.077216  10.260186 -1.8593 0.0633287 .        
                time2003                     -19.014831  10.262932 -1.8528 0.0642670 .        
                time2004                     -18.999702  10.269202 -1.8502 0.0646418 .        
                time2005                     -18.760781  10.273576 -1.8261 0.0681879 .        
                time2006                     -18.685365  10.278707 -1.8179 0.0694408 .        
                time2007                     -18.458171  10.279087 -1.7957 0.0729022 .        
                time2008                     -18.382020  10.276512 -1.7887 0.0740176 .        
                time2009                     -18.175820  10.273752 -1.7692 0.0772323 .        
                time2010                     -18.235464  10.279378 -1.7740 0.0764287 .        
                time2011                     -18.270148  10.281034 -1.7771 0.0759189 .        
                time2012                     -18.295730  10.286259 -1.7787 0.0756584 .        
                time2013                     -18.335414  10.280621 -1.7835 0.0748679 .        
                time2014                     -18.633479  10.282506 -1.8122 0.0703203 .        
                time2015                     -18.618794  10.289022 -1.8096 0.0707193 .        
                time2016                     -18.675570  10.291651 -1.8146 0.0699377 .        
                time2017                     -18.719461  10.291842 -1.8189 0.0692890 .        
                time2018                     -18.714110  10.292319 -1.8183 0.0693813 .        
                time2019                     -18.884491  10.293510 -1.8346 0.0669191 .        
                time2020                     -19.918472  10.294789 -1.9348 0.0533497 .        
                iis18                         -1.256111   0.347936 -3.6102 0.0003242 ***      
                iis44                          1.900916   0.379450  5.0097 6.651e-07 ***      
                iis147                        -1.130725   0.366943 -3.0815 0.0021271 **       
                iis152                        -1.316806   0.362998 -3.6276 0.0003034 ***      
                iis226                        -1.572747   0.352220 -4.4652 9.093e-06 ***      
                iis228                        -1.486776   0.352761 -4.2147 2.773e-05 ***      
                iis229                        -1.759183   0.352819 -4.9861 7.490e-07 ***      
                iis343                        -1.418975   0.347811 -4.0797 4.939e-05 ***      
                iis383                        -1.036837   0.356548 -2.9080 0.0037337 **       
                iis485                        -1.383377   0.348412 -3.9705 7.787e-05 ***      
                iis513                        -1.591632   0.352325 -4.5175 7.155e-06 ***      
                iis515                        -1.424182   0.351358 -4.0534 5.519e-05 ***      
                iis782                         1.714476   0.362873  4.7247 2.701e-06 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2005             1.336427   0.379768  3.5191 0.0004564 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2006            -1.871867   0.391860 -4.7769 2.101e-06 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2009             1.578204   0.240050  6.5745 8.580e-11 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2015            -0.704021   0.196405 -3.5845 0.0003572 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009         -0.605881   0.153185 -3.9552 8.293e-05 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014            -0.869922   0.171632 -5.0685 4.935e-07 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008  -1.246855   0.236358 -5.2753 1.689e-07 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2011   1.412940   0.227634  6.2071 8.482e-10 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2001               1.600117   0.379346  4.2181 2.732e-05 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2005              -0.708194   0.197398 -3.5876 0.0003530 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2011           -0.825540   0.199565 -4.1367 3.879e-05 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015            1.051545   0.220896  4.7604 2.276e-06 ***      
                fesisMaine.2011                0.566914   0.154807  3.6621 0.0002659 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2002            -1.058781   0.309917 -3.4163 0.0006652 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2005             1.078515   0.220469  4.8919 1.197e-06 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012              -0.818805   0.172654 -4.7425 2.481e-06 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019               1.075735   0.273235  3.9370 8.935e-05 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004              -0.803231   0.190706 -4.2119 2.807e-05 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2005         -0.835745   0.178445 -4.6835 3.289e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008        0.768714   0.155673  4.9380 9.527e-07 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008          1.714459   0.241779  7.0910 2.830e-12 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2011         -0.803501   0.232417 -3.4571 0.0005734 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2019         -1.014162   0.269681 -3.7606 0.0001813 ***      
                fesisTennessee.2005            0.589572   0.174499  3.3787 0.0007620 ***      
                fesisUtah.2016                -0.658158   0.184705 -3.5633 0.0003869 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)    3.2068  1 0.0733350 .        
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 13.6073  1 0.0002253 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.33535      
                R-squared           0.94116      
                Log-lik.(n=945)  -254.90748      
us_q30

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:17:22 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 756       
                Sample: 1 to 756       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                              coef  std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                    -2.6410970  1.4268861 -1.8510 0.0646145 .        
                lpop                     1.3028495  0.4310143  3.0228 0.0026000 **       
                lgdp_sq                  0.0933079  0.0529882  1.7609 0.0787062 .        
                avg_temp                 0.0022660  0.0131517  0.1723 0.8632585          
                idCalifornia             0.2190574  0.6249756  0.3505 0.7260690          
                idColorado               0.6711936  0.2310308  2.9052 0.0037905 **       
                idConnecticut            1.7158377  0.2816772  6.0915 1.881e-09 ***      
                idDelaware               1.7516586  0.6368955  2.7503 0.0061139 **       
                idDistrictofColumbia     1.0495762  0.8231133  1.2751 0.2027034          
                idFlorida               -0.8033840  0.3827111 -2.0992 0.0361719 *        
                idGeorgia               -0.6320293  0.1660858 -3.8054 0.0001545 ***      
                idIdaho                 -0.4265915  0.5135354 -0.8307 0.4064403          
                idIllinois              -0.2005454  0.2830830 -0.7084 0.4789215          
                idIndiana               -0.7229595  0.1456230 -4.9646 8.734e-07 ***      
                idIowa                  -1.6419574  0.3342530 -4.9123 1.131e-06 ***      
                idKentucky              -1.3409866  0.1621303 -8.2710 7.104e-16 ***      
                idMaryland              -0.2065144  0.1369850 -1.5076 0.1321339          
                idMassachusetts          1.2466173  0.2167117  5.7524 1.336e-08 ***      
                idMichigan               0.2279319  0.2737276  0.8327 0.4053115          
                idMinnesota              0.5319560  0.2789901  1.9067 0.0569824 .        
                idMissouri              -0.9083697  0.1180530 -7.6946 5.066e-14 ***      
                idNevada                 0.2392908  0.3373506  0.7093 0.4783693          
                idNewHampshire           0.6629704  0.5446176  1.2173 0.2239116          
                idNewJersey              0.0950070  0.1943605  0.4888 0.6251296          
                idNewMexico              0.3223873  0.3798432  0.8487 0.3963290          
                idNewYork                0.2129634  0.4602762  0.4627 0.6437389          
                idNorthCarolina         -0.0432690  0.1572606 -0.2751 0.7832914          
                idOhio                   0.1052713  0.2519295  0.4179 0.6761827          
                idOklahoma              -0.8099266  0.1850473 -4.3769 1.395e-05 ***      
                idOregon                 0.8732322  0.2775528  3.1462 0.0017271 **       
                idPennsylvania           0.0546231  0.2929135  0.1865 0.8521230          
                idRhodeIsland            0.6836387  0.5801082  1.1785 0.2390268          
                idSouthCarolina         -0.2913295  0.1626204 -1.7915 0.0736672 .        
                idTennessee             -0.8788852  0.0948258 -9.2684 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                 -0.6524121  0.4754400 -1.3722 0.1704496          
                idUtah                  -0.1650285  0.3145410 -0.5247 0.5999893          
                idVirginia              -0.1899757  0.1498248 -1.2680 0.2052414          
                idWashington             0.2762757  0.2207269  1.2517 0.2111274          
                idWisconsin              0.0070037  0.2434957  0.0288 0.9770620          
                time2000                 9.9153282  8.9746380  1.1048 0.2696339          
                time2001                10.0268671  8.9783523  1.1168 0.2644859          
                time2002                10.1615369  8.9784237  1.1318 0.2581330          
                time2003                10.1472013  8.9798393  1.1300 0.2588796          
                time2004                10.2194733  8.9851918  1.1374 0.2557891          
                time2005                10.4245307  8.9891241  1.1597 0.2465893          
                time2006                10.6220203  8.9933506  1.1811 0.2379814          
                time2007                10.7130860  8.9932352  1.1912 0.2339800          
                time2008                10.8169718  8.9903303  1.2032 0.2293303          
                time2009                10.9752585  8.9869541  1.2212 0.2224215          
                time2010                11.0053004  8.9909028  1.2240 0.2213623          
                time2011                10.9656474  8.9927992  1.2194 0.2231268          
                time2012                10.9192339  8.9974850  1.2136 0.2253311          
                time2013                10.8778165  8.9919029  1.2097 0.2268055          
                time2014                10.5430198  8.9936652  1.1723 0.2415028          
                time2015                10.6141586  8.9996423  1.1794 0.2386566          
                time2016                10.4762217  9.0022961  1.1637 0.2449468          
                time2017                10.4665254  9.0025022  1.1626 0.2453942          
                time2018                10.5242466  9.0026044  1.1690 0.2428085          
                time2019                10.3588320  9.0026476  1.1506 0.2502879          
                time2020                 9.2642658  9.0041124  1.0289 0.3038997          
                iis105                  -1.1450305  0.3026471 -3.7834 0.0001685 ***      
                iis110                  -1.4349009  0.2884543 -4.9744 8.317e-07 ***      
                iis114                  -1.8779541  0.2898113 -6.4799 1.774e-10 ***      
                iis115                  -0.9347899  0.2895144 -3.2288 0.0013034 **       
                iis116                  -1.0119780  0.2894518 -3.4962 0.0005030 ***      
                iis170                  -1.2130258  0.2913691 -4.1632 3.546e-05 ***      
                iis254                  -1.0860643  0.2877238 -3.7747 0.0001744 ***      
                iis259                  -1.5383352  0.2870719 -5.3587 1.153e-07 ***      
                iis359                  -1.4706350  0.2875217 -5.1149 4.099e-07 ***      
                iis397                  -0.9236157  0.2970766 -3.1090 0.0019563 **       
                iis631                  -1.1183776  0.2869954 -3.8968 0.0001072 ***      
                iis634                  -1.1701208  0.2870563 -4.0763 5.123e-05 ***      
                iis692                  -1.0311390  0.2910167 -3.5432 0.0004226 ***      
                iis695                  -1.1198474  0.2872357 -3.8987 0.0001064 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009   -0.5713880  0.1265220 -4.5161 7.437e-06 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014      -0.8793058  0.1420493 -6.1901 1.045e-09 ***      
                fesisIowa.2002           0.8006599  0.2129636  3.7596 0.0001850 ***      
                fesisNevada.2010        -0.7339330  0.1435302 -5.1134 4.129e-07 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019         0.8583766  0.2223145  3.8611 0.0001238 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004        -0.6637962  0.1577950 -4.2067 2.942e-05 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2005   -0.6819594  0.1488021 -4.5830 5.464e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008  0.7864557  0.1280713  6.1408 1.404e-09 ***      
                fesisWisconsin.2014      0.5016545  0.1311996  3.8236 0.0001437 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value        
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.89818  1 0.34327        
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 4.00717  1 0.04531 *      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                
                SE of regression   0.27566      
                R-squared          0.94499      
                Log-lik.(n=756)  -57.04732      

Log Patent Count

0.01

us_all

                Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_all (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:03:23 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 1071       
                Sample: 1 to 1071       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                  coef std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                         -0.817466  0.916508 -0.8919 0.3726508          
                lpop                          0.592368  0.388921  1.5231 0.1280624          
                lgdp_sq                       0.036635  0.039306  0.9321 0.3515444          
                avg_temp                      0.006058  0.011610  0.5218 0.6019276          
                idAlaska                      0.798679  0.763814  1.0456 0.2959879          
                idArizona                     1.524666  0.133936 11.3836 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                   -0.139757  0.219129 -0.6378 0.5237677          
                idCalifornia                  2.361599  0.694375  3.4010 0.0006990 ***      
                idColorado                    2.062720  0.234045  8.8133 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                 2.878557  0.253175 11.3698 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                    2.631399  0.567312  4.6384 3.999e-06 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia          1.355751  0.749103  1.8098 0.0706348 .        
                idFlorida                     1.063133  0.454870  2.3372 0.0196326 *        
                idGeorgia                     0.988608  0.244654  4.0408 5.752e-05 ***      
                idHawaii                      0.015172  0.543700  0.0279 0.9777433          
                idIdaho                       1.060506  0.433948  2.4439 0.0147106 *        
                idIllinois                    1.488725  0.362779  4.1037 4.412e-05 ***      
                idIndiana                     0.864819  0.190924  4.5297 6.652e-06 ***      
                idIowa                        0.596918  0.248050  2.4064 0.0162971 *        
                idKansas                      0.397059  0.215896  1.8391 0.0662066 .        
                idKentucky                    0.282119  0.130557  2.1609 0.0309514 *        
                idLouisiana                   0.181210  0.141777  1.2781 0.2015117          
                idMaine                       0.744443  0.485302  1.5340 0.1253646          
                idMaryland                    1.230881  0.165944  7.4175 2.625e-13 ***      
                idMassachusetts               2.635285  0.249577 10.5590 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                    1.926946  0.330468  5.8310 7.526e-09 ***      
                idMinnesota                   1.960427  0.281745  6.9581 6.381e-12 ***      
                idMississippi                 0.492238  0.217292  2.2653 0.0237150 *        
                idMissouri                    0.674890  0.155726  4.3338 1.620e-05 ***      
                idMontana                     0.643790  0.568110  1.1332 0.2574080          
                idNebraska                    0.201845  0.363835  0.5548 0.5791810          
                idNevada                      1.446246  0.280576  5.1546 3.087e-07 ***      
                idNewHampshire                1.872789  0.477645  3.9209 9.450e-05 ***      
                idNewJersey                   1.621387  0.263570  6.1516 1.125e-09 ***      
                idNewMexico                   1.651686  0.304680  5.4211 7.499e-08 ***      
                idNewYork                     2.053170  0.530112  3.8731 0.0001148 ***      
                idNorthCarolina               1.567299  0.242124  6.4731 1.530e-10 ***      
                idNorthDakota                 0.675553  0.682429  0.9899 0.3224605          
                idOhio                        1.802917  0.330048  5.4626 5.980e-08 ***      
                idOklahoma                    0.696108  0.128692  5.4091 8.000e-08 ***      
                idOregon                      2.297475  0.257666  8.9165 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                1.782709  0.367827  4.8466 1.464e-06 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                 1.956519  0.508566  3.8471 0.0001274 ***      
                idSouthCarolina               1.208152  0.129862  9.3033 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota                 0.394956  0.619456  0.6376 0.5238962          
                idTennessee                   0.279847  0.187880  1.4895 0.1366842          
                idTexas                       1.291944  0.552366  2.3389 0.0195437 *        
                idUtah                        1.207885  0.260039  4.6450 3.874e-06 ***      
                idVermont                     1.305268  0.706274  1.8481 0.0648950 .        
                idVirginia                    1.296835  0.220248  5.8881 5.400e-09 ***      
                idWashington                  1.743429  0.255663  6.8192 1.618e-11 ***      
                idWestVirginia                0.115669  0.340103  0.3401 0.7338560          
                idWisconsin                   1.683460  0.256051  6.5747 7.996e-11 ***      
                idWyoming                     1.739556  0.780828  2.2278 0.0261229 *        
                time2000                     -0.133738  6.373409 -0.0210 0.9832630          
                time2001                     -0.096525  6.376299 -0.0151 0.9879251          
                time2002                      0.021755  6.377580  0.0034 0.9972790          
                time2003                      0.108516  6.376266  0.0170 0.9864252          
                time2004                      0.088659  6.377617  0.0139 0.9889114          
                time2005                      0.328622  6.379626  0.0515 0.9589289          
                time2006                      0.473152  6.382354  0.0741 0.9409189          
                time2007                      0.622041  6.381920  0.0975 0.9223741          
                time2008                      0.685663  6.380195  0.1075 0.9144407          
                time2009                      0.875599  6.382733  0.1372 0.8909153          
                time2010                      0.825243  6.385640  0.1292 0.8971994          
                time2011                      0.804861  6.386677  0.1260 0.8997410          
                time2012                      0.758061  6.390784  0.1186 0.9056029          
                time2013                      0.693877  6.384909  0.1087 0.9134834          
                time2014                      0.452983  6.384073  0.0710 0.9434483          
                time2015                      0.465581  6.388305  0.0729 0.9419167          
                time2016                      0.372971  6.390269  0.0584 0.9534697          
                time2017                      0.328957  6.389071  0.0515 0.9589478          
                time2018                      0.374926  6.386464  0.0587 0.9531983          
                time2019                      0.217162  6.385045  0.0340 0.9728754          
                time2020                     -0.624706  6.390995 -0.0977 0.9221530          
                iis65                         1.211273  0.338253  3.5810 0.0003595 ***      
                iis76                         0.923899  0.322577  2.8641 0.0042728 **       
                iis247                       -0.877696  0.333512 -2.6317 0.0086329 **       
                iis249                       -1.373239  0.356742 -3.8494 0.0001263 ***      
                iis250                       -1.644841  0.356706 -4.6112 4.545e-06 ***      
                iis364                       -1.125362  0.316476 -3.5559 0.0003951 ***      
                iis525                        1.352912  0.318951  4.2417 2.433e-05 ***      
                iis527                       -1.018840  0.316841 -3.2156 0.0013451 **       
                iis576                       -0.835056  0.322748 -2.5873 0.0098184 **       
                iis866                        1.360881  0.330010  4.1238 4.050e-05 ***      
                fesisAlaska.2007             -1.002223  0.168370 -5.9525 3.701e-09 ***      
                fesisAlaska.2014              0.691221  0.170848  4.0458 5.633e-05 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2006           -0.695042  0.225587 -3.0810 0.0021216 **       
                fesisArkansas.2009            0.898267  0.201519  4.4575 9.272e-06 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009        -0.546309  0.138615 -3.9412 8.696e-05 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014           -0.887511  0.148038 -5.9951 2.876e-09 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -0.889044  0.209797 -4.2376 2.477e-05 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2011  1.182208  0.206499  5.7250 1.383e-08 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2001              1.009582  0.327597  3.0818 0.0021164 **       
                fesisHawaii.2009             -0.607187  0.167336 -3.6286 0.0003001 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2016              0.633657  0.218852  2.8954 0.0038730 **       
                fesisLouisiana.2011          -0.694478  0.181268 -3.8312 0.0001358 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015           0.904990  0.200305  4.5180 7.019e-06 ***      
                fesisMaine.2011               0.539693  0.137387  3.9283 9.170e-05 ***      
                fesisMississippi.2004        -1.128150  0.173898 -6.4874 1.397e-10 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2012            0.600900  0.140305  4.2828 2.031e-05 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012             -0.690039  0.155438 -4.4393 1.007e-05 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019              0.902304  0.248387  3.6327 0.0002954 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004             -0.669301  0.172233 -3.8860 0.0001089 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2005        -0.666868  0.161559 -4.1277 3.983e-05 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008       0.756364  0.141445  5.3474 1.116e-07 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008         0.986700  0.156535  6.3034 4.435e-10 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2018        -0.767436  0.204875 -3.7459 0.0001905 ***      
                fesisTennessee.2005           0.467434  0.158796  2.9436 0.0033223 **       
                fesisWyoming.2003            -0.676889  0.200195 -3.3811 0.0007510 ***      
                fesisWyoming.2017            -0.676036  0.199279 -3.3924 0.0007211 ***      
                fesisWyoming.2020             1.604244  0.356598  4.4987 7.673e-06 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.91273  1  0.3394      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.80321  1  0.3701      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.30560      
                R-squared           0.94623      
                Log-lik.(n=1071) -194.03742      
us_q20

                Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q20 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:01:47 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 945       
                Sample: 1 to 945       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                  coef std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                         -0.549086  1.304662 -0.4209 0.6739618          
                lpop                          0.736337  0.401264  1.8350 0.0668532 .        
                lgdp_sq                       0.024758  0.049468  0.5005 0.6168609          
                avg_temp                      0.018556  0.012204  1.5205 0.1287683          
                idArizona                     1.522388  0.135637 11.2240 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                   -0.042304  0.223038 -0.1897 0.8496123          
                idCalifornia                  2.240066  0.699740  3.2013 0.0014197 **       
                idColorado                    2.280445  0.248239  9.1865 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                 3.101616  0.265829 11.6677 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                    2.958790  0.572169  5.1712 2.910e-07 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia          1.855322  0.751906  2.4675 0.0138050 *        
                idFlorida                     0.821452  0.462679  1.7754 0.0761901 .        
                idGeorgia                     0.907508  0.255131  3.5570 0.0003961 ***      
                idHawaii                      0.023116  0.546272  0.0423 0.9662564          
                idIdaho                       1.460923  0.464271  3.1467 0.0017095 **       
                idIllinois                    1.531373  0.377688  4.0546 5.490e-05 ***      
                idIndiana                     0.973118  0.199613  4.8750 1.301e-06 ***      
                idIowa                        0.847577  0.252103  3.3620 0.0008087 ***      
                idKansas                      0.521063  0.215615  2.4166 0.0158770 *        
                idKentucky                    0.382780  0.129009  2.9671 0.0030919 **       
                idLouisiana                   0.149554  0.146764  1.0190 0.3084925          
                idMaine                       1.193236  0.513897  2.3219 0.0204748 *        
                idMaryland                    1.318505  0.180483  7.3054 6.433e-13 ***      
                idMassachusetts               2.796751  0.272195 10.2748 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                    2.074537  0.342520  6.0567 2.095e-09 ***      
                idMinnesota                   2.229116  0.298366  7.4711 1.998e-13 ***      
                idMissouri                    0.757157  0.161004  4.7027 3.001e-06 ***      
                idNebraska                    0.579546  0.369781  1.5673 0.1174290          
                idNevada                      1.694472  0.281642  6.0164 2.661e-09 ***      
                idNewHampshire                2.293302  0.492015  4.6610 3.658e-06 ***      
                idNewJersey                   1.689312  0.282381  5.9824 3.254e-09 ***      
                idNewMexico                   1.879327  0.315616  5.9545 3.833e-09 ***      
                idNewYork                     2.151136  0.544707  3.9492 8.501e-05 ***      
                idNorthCarolina               1.544472  0.251491  6.1413 1.263e-09 ***      
                idOhio                        1.859034  0.341748  5.4398 7.002e-08 ***      
                idOklahoma                    0.769260  0.124885  6.1598 1.129e-09 ***      
                idOregon                      2.524903  0.257273  9.8141 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                1.859490  0.380924  4.8815 1.260e-06 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                 2.328914  0.530228  4.3923 1.265e-05 ***      
                idSouthCarolina               1.226624  0.121861 10.0658 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota                 0.868935  0.660747  1.3151 0.1888421          
                idTennessee                   0.317134  0.186864  1.6971 0.0900416 .        
                idTexas                       1.110371  0.560422  1.9813 0.0478822 *        
                idUtah                        1.570628  0.273199  5.7490 1.256e-08 ***      
                idVermont                     1.858525  0.760358  2.4443 0.0147192 *        
                idVirginia                    1.387055  0.235956  5.8784 5.973e-09 ***      
                idWashington                  1.920263  0.274452  6.9967 5.359e-12 ***      
                idWisconsin                   1.761692  0.269309  6.5415 1.058e-10 ***      
                time2000                     -3.648560  8.687095 -0.4200 0.6745947          
                time2001                     -3.587727  8.689496 -0.4129 0.6797994          
                time2002                     -3.488091  8.692907 -0.4013 0.6883330          
                time2003                     -3.433261  8.695209 -0.3948 0.6930576          
                time2004                     -3.422531  8.700571 -0.3934 0.6941473          
                time2005                     -3.164074  8.705731 -0.3634 0.7163624          
                time2006                     -3.098552  8.709925 -0.3557 0.7221176          
                time2007                     -2.906037  8.710221 -0.3336 0.7387382          
                time2008                     -2.828194  8.707062 -0.3248 0.7454012          
                time2009                     -2.650826  8.705284 -0.3045 0.7608166          
                time2010                     -2.680248  8.709136 -0.3078 0.7583479          
                time2011                     -2.720435  8.711674 -0.3123 0.7549094          
                time2012                     -2.778510  8.715467 -0.3188 0.7499558          
                time2013                     -2.793847  8.710641 -0.3207 0.7484877          
                time2014                     -3.065286  8.712348 -0.3518 0.7250523          
                time2015                     -3.068871  8.717974 -0.3520 0.7249143          
                time2016                     -3.137769  8.720100 -0.3598 0.7190635          
                time2017                     -3.184964  8.720369 -0.3652 0.7150298          
                time2018                     -3.137329  8.720540 -0.3598 0.7191148          
                time2019                     -3.303568  8.721492 -0.3788 0.7049435          
                time2020                     -4.250411  8.722353 -0.4873 0.6261724          
                iis44                         1.186998  0.317098  3.7433 0.0001940 ***      
                iis55                         0.903649  0.302251  2.9897 0.0028738 **       
                iis152                       -0.928396  0.309400 -3.0006 0.0027740 **       
                iis226                       -0.877488  0.312560 -2.8074 0.0051098 **       
                iis228                       -1.404911  0.334546 -4.1995 2.962e-05 ***      
                iis229                       -1.685381  0.334490 -5.0387 5.743e-07 ***      
                iis336                        1.071817  0.297509  3.6026 0.0003335 ***      
                iis343                       -1.074992  0.296548 -3.6250 0.0003063 ***      
                iis485                       -1.052646  0.297139 -3.5426 0.0004181 ***      
                iis513                       -0.889794  0.303872 -2.9282 0.0035017 **       
                iis515                       -0.794270  0.304116 -2.6117 0.0091694 **       
                iis782                        1.355076  0.309289  4.3813 1.329e-05 ***      
                iis787                        0.817778  0.305713  2.6750 0.0076188 **       
                iis884                       -0.953170  0.296965 -3.2097 0.0013792 **       
                fesisArkansas.2006           -0.680353  0.211406 -3.2182 0.0013394 **       
                fesisArkansas.2009            0.882508  0.188922  4.6713 3.485e-06 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009        -0.555187  0.130669 -4.2488 2.390e-05 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014           -0.897092  0.140075 -6.4044 2.512e-10 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -1.015891  0.201514 -5.0413 5.667e-07 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2011  1.166808  0.194069  6.0123 2.727e-09 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2001              0.999951  0.307266  3.2543 0.0011820 **       
                fesisHawaii.2009             -0.616310  0.157384 -3.9160 9.735e-05 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2016              0.650914  0.205245  3.1714 0.0015722 **       
                fesisLouisiana.2011          -0.699689  0.170194 -4.1111 4.325e-05 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015           0.906486  0.188331  4.8133 1.761e-06 ***      
                fesisMaine.2011               0.540273  0.129281  4.1790 3.234e-05 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2012            0.526933  0.138728  3.7983 0.0001562 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012             -0.732831  0.147274 -4.9760 7.878e-07 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019              0.961842  0.232967  4.1287 4.013e-05 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004             -0.670177  0.162459 -4.1252 4.073e-05 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2005        -0.669029  0.152070 -4.3995 1.225e-05 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008       0.736542  0.132786  5.5469 3.899e-08 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008         0.896772  0.160324  5.5935 3.012e-08 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2018        -0.642972  0.194862 -3.2996 0.0010089 **       
                fesisTennessee.2005           0.461761  0.148749  3.1043 0.0019713 **       
                fesisUtah.2016               -0.460655  0.157504 -2.9247 0.0035404 **       
                fesisWisconsin.2014           0.455637  0.135365  3.3660 0.0007973 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df p-value        
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   1.3997  1 0.23677        
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 2.7238  1 0.09886 .      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.28592      
                R-squared           0.94558      
                Log-lik.(n=945)  -104.72881      
us_q30

                Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:05:25 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 756       
                Sample: 1 to 756       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                   coef  std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                         -2.8286385  1.2794922 -2.2108 0.0273881 *        
                lpop                          0.7991606  0.3924147  2.0365 0.0420885 *        
                lgdp_sq                       0.1061477  0.0479933  2.2117 0.0273207 *        
                avg_temp                      0.0017879  0.0119487  0.1496 0.8811005          
                idCalifornia                  0.7285256  0.5644320  1.2907 0.1972422          
                idColorado                    0.5307503  0.2090028  2.5394 0.0113265 *        
                idConnecticut                 1.4036377  0.2555598  5.4924 5.623e-08 ***      
                idDelaware                    0.9332987  0.5902978  1.5811 0.1143325          
                idDistrictofColumbia          0.0827699  0.7690344  0.1076 0.9143225          
                idFlorida                    -0.4281519  0.3475985 -1.2317 0.2184748          
                idGeorgia                    -0.4829839  0.1508301 -3.2022 0.0014281 **       
                idIdaho                      -0.8238546  0.4742414 -1.7372 0.0828078 .        
                idIllinois                   -0.0170430  0.2567340 -0.0664 0.9470918          
                idIndiana                    -0.6726668  0.1317963 -5.1038 4.334e-07 ***      
                idIowa                       -1.0124147  0.2672484 -3.7883 0.0001652 ***      
                idKentucky                   -1.3151196  0.1469878 -8.9471 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMaryland                   -0.2552755  0.1233129 -2.0701 0.0388192 *        
                idMassachusetts               1.1590608  0.1950324  5.9429 4.491e-09 ***      
                idMichigan                    0.3570893  0.2492280  1.4328 0.1523839          
                idMinnesota                   0.4121986  0.2524783  1.6326 0.1030181          
                idMissouri                   -0.8617777  0.1067642 -8.0718 3.186e-15 ***      
                idNevada                     -0.0913251  0.3099275 -0.2947 0.7683397          
                idNewHampshire                0.0889982  0.5024943  0.1771 0.8594730          
                idNewJersey                   0.1463257  0.1753847  0.8343 0.4044004          
                idNewMexico                  -0.0692176  0.3503734 -0.1976 0.8434536          
                idNewYork                     0.8284440  0.4365474  1.8977 0.0581602 .        
                idNorthCarolina               0.0703110  0.1429585  0.4918 0.6230011          
                idOhio                        0.2735932  0.2292187  1.1936 0.2330583          
                idOklahoma                   -0.8766441  0.1697515 -5.1643 3.181e-07 ***      
                idOregon                      0.0508574  0.2254590  0.2256 0.8216021          
                idPennsylvania                0.2471707  0.2663081  0.9281 0.3536682          
                idRhodeIsland                 0.0897760  0.5370074  0.1672 0.8672799          
                idSouthCarolina              -0.3601558  0.1481146 -2.4316 0.0152917 *        
                idTennessee                  -0.8070995  0.0856527 -9.4229 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                      -0.2395452  0.4301886 -0.5568 0.5778232          
                idUtah                       -0.4038983  0.2885975 -1.3995 0.1621168          
                idVirginia                   -0.1407643  0.1351383 -1.0416 0.2979559          
                idWashington                  0.2370515  0.1992047  1.1900 0.2344696          
                idWisconsin                  -0.0397203  0.2207459 -0.1799 0.8572563          
                time2000                     14.0862371  8.1920035  1.7195 0.0859805 .        
                time2001                     14.1361611  8.1941073  1.7252 0.0849567 .        
                time2002                     14.2910740  8.1967697  1.7435 0.0817021 .        
                time2003                     14.2892532  8.1976492  1.7431 0.0817736 .        
                time2004                     14.3585813  8.2020321  1.7506 0.0804676 .        
                time2005                     14.5641863  8.2065259  1.7747 0.0763974 .        
                time2006                     14.7453900  8.2103794  1.7959 0.0729510 .        
                time2007                     14.8345805  8.2102761  1.8068 0.0712345 .        
                time2008                     14.9372590  8.2074439  1.8200 0.0692078 .        
                time2009                     15.0864956  8.2049439  1.8387 0.0663979 .        
                time2010                     15.1148519  8.2085538  1.8414 0.0660090 .        
                time2011                     15.1005824  8.2100475  1.8393 0.0663136 .        
                time2012                     15.0335212  8.2142125  1.8302 0.0676639 .        
                time2013                     14.9971350  8.2090104  1.8269 0.0681552 .        
                time2014                     14.6902233  8.2104145  1.7892 0.0740286 .        
                time2015                     14.7502888  8.2157811  1.7954 0.0730441 .        
                time2016                     14.6245190  8.2182310  1.7795 0.0756048 .        
                time2017                     14.6158084  8.2183502  1.7784 0.0757830 .        
                time2018                     14.6644483  8.2181756  1.7844 0.0748097 .        
                time2019                     14.5181698  8.2179961  1.7666 0.0777425 .        
                time2020                     13.5574971  8.2200364  1.6493 0.0995474 .        
                iis105                       -0.7470096  0.2733362 -2.7329 0.0064419 **       
                iis110                       -0.9420704  0.2701878 -3.4867 0.0005207 ***      
                iis114                       -0.7834633  0.2917471 -2.6854 0.0074221 **       
                iis259                       -1.1340127  0.2589581 -4.3791 1.381e-05 ***      
                iis359                       -1.0122685  0.2594416 -3.9017 0.0001051 ***      
                iis397                       -0.7091421  0.2683711 -2.6424 0.0084234 **       
                iis549                        1.1053306  0.2601665  4.2486 2.454e-05 ***      
                iis550                        0.8161732  0.2606722  3.1310 0.0018172 **       
                iis631                       -0.8225512  0.2591745 -3.1737 0.0015734 **       
                iis634                       -0.8965576  0.2593782 -3.4566 0.0005815 ***      
                iis692                       -0.8295480  0.2628971 -3.1554 0.0016741 **       
                iis695                       -0.9289610  0.2592154 -3.5837 0.0003631 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009        -0.5653974  0.1143400 -4.9449 9.629e-07 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014           -0.7833498  0.1284882 -6.0967 1.823e-09 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -0.6073745  0.1767351 -3.4366 0.0006252 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012  0.8621989  0.1719290  5.0149 6.794e-07 ***      
                fesisNevada.2010             -0.6292925  0.1299019 -4.8444 1.577e-06 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019              0.7928664  0.2009028  3.9465 8.762e-05 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2005            -0.4460577  0.1341383 -3.3254 0.0009309 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2005        -0.6417837  0.1343330 -4.7776 2.179e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008       0.7492720  0.1158514  6.4675 1.914e-10 ***      
                fesisWisconsin.2014           0.4483956  0.1185070  3.7837 0.0001683 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   1.63112  1  0.2015      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.97949  1  0.3223      
                                               
                SE of regression  0.24898      
                R-squared         0.94614      
                Log-lik.(n=756)  19.41498      

Patent Count

0.01

us_all

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_all (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Sun Mar 26 23:52:45 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 1071       
                Sample: 1 to 1071       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                               coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                    -173.839647   23.743146  -7.3217 5.131e-13 ***      
                lpop                      21.517909    7.857243   2.7386 0.0062828 **       
                lgdp_sq                    6.286167    0.985121   6.3811 2.717e-10 ***      
                avg_temp                  -0.024337    0.244488  -0.0995 0.9207284          
                idAlaska                  -0.970332   15.503298  -0.0626 0.9501068          
                idArizona                 18.049776    2.816097   6.4095 2.273e-10 ***      
                idArkansas                -4.108178    3.868953  -1.0618 0.2885757          
                idCalifornia             116.355891   15.438775   7.5366 1.103e-13 ***      
                idColorado                32.041465    4.878563   6.5678 8.305e-11 ***      
                idConnecticut             52.849024    5.027212  10.5126 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                14.925191   11.313677   1.3192 0.1874074          
                idDistrictofColumbia      30.392283   14.682934   2.0699 0.0387249 *        
                idFlorida                 15.792479    9.246269   1.7080 0.0879586 .        
                idGeorgia                 12.269744    5.069713   2.4202 0.0156942 *        
                idHawaii                  -0.151160    9.028967  -0.0167 0.9866462          
                idIdaho                   -8.335227    9.189451  -0.9070 0.3646089          
                idIllinois                23.800302    7.443354   3.1975 0.0014309 **       
                idIndiana                  8.207571    3.974591   2.0650 0.0391867 *        
                idIowa                     5.259738    5.129192   1.0255 0.3054053          
                idKansas                   3.605216    4.428015   0.8142 0.4157394          
                idKentucky                 0.897098    2.760316   0.3250 0.7452522          
                idLouisiana                5.549265    2.638762   2.1030 0.0357240 *        
                idMaine                   -8.378734   10.273905  -0.8155 0.4149657          
                idMaryland                15.345951    3.517506   4.3627 1.422e-05 ***      
                idMassachusetts           48.932735    5.730490   8.5390 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                34.415710    6.766832   5.0859 4.388e-07 ***      
                idMinnesota               27.443237    5.864239   4.6798 3.279e-06 ***      
                idMississippi             -8.034347    3.791856  -2.1188 0.0343569 *        
                idMissouri                 6.016000    3.252983   1.8494 0.0647065 .        
                idMontana                -15.743007   12.006644  -1.3112 0.1901028          
                idNebraska                 3.009035    7.371508   0.4082 0.6832182          
                idNevada                   8.512748    5.304273   1.6049 0.1088439          
                idNewHampshire             4.654042    9.865143   0.4718 0.6371995          
                idNewJersey               26.507377    5.491436   4.8270 1.609e-06 ***      
                idNewMexico                4.489114    6.314296   0.7109 0.4772892          
                idNewYork                 66.373044   10.901539   6.0884 1.640e-09 ***      
                idNorthCarolina           23.403386    4.979711   4.6997 2.980e-06 ***      
                idNorthDakota            -17.981387   14.564243  -1.2346 0.2172683          
                idOhio                    32.489378    6.733945   4.8247 1.627e-06 ***      
                idOklahoma                 4.607253    2.689293   1.7132 0.0869976 .        
                idOregon                  15.471379    4.563059   3.3906 0.0007255 ***      
                idPennsylvania            25.783332    7.923748   3.2539 0.0011774 **       
                idRhodeIsland             -4.307630   10.558764  -0.4080 0.6833875          
                idSouthCarolina           18.465272    2.040843   9.0479 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota            -10.661499   12.717169  -0.8384 0.4020376          
                idTennessee                6.583389    3.048079   2.1598 0.0310283 *        
                idTexas                   27.719805   11.277590   2.4580 0.0141467 *        
                idUtah                     6.861015    5.393363   1.2721 0.2036341          
                idVermont                -20.331350   14.923096  -1.3624 0.1733847          
                idVirginia                18.597458    4.597487   4.0451 5.644e-05 ***      
                idWashington              26.322530    5.325946   4.9423 9.088e-07 ***      
                idWestVirginia            -9.198380    7.170438  -1.2828 0.1998610          
                idWisconsin               19.471682    5.338433   3.6475 0.0002789 ***      
                idWyoming                 -6.805647   15.457943  -0.4403 0.6598405          
                time2000                 996.202193  161.750238   6.1589 1.071e-09 ***      
                time2001                 997.029124  161.821720   6.1613 1.055e-09 ***      
                time2002                 999.114728  161.862712   6.1726 9.851e-10 ***      
                time2003                 999.904189  161.865168   6.1774 9.568e-10 ***      
                time2004                1001.624355  161.926271   6.1857 9.097e-10 ***      
                time2005                1003.921371  161.993259   6.1973 8.474e-10 ***      
                time2006                1006.491736  162.088082   6.2095 7.863e-10 ***      
                time2007                1008.352621  162.090129   6.2209 7.333e-10 ***      
                time2008                1010.286096  162.061640   6.2340 6.770e-10 ***      
                time2009                1013.397190  162.094249   6.2519 6.063e-10 ***      
                time2010                1014.383437  162.172053   6.2550 5.949e-10 ***      
                time2011                1013.492433  162.210206   6.2480 6.209e-10 ***      
                time2012                1012.406314  162.290683   6.2382 6.594e-10 ***      
                time2013                1011.833543  162.155723   6.2399 6.528e-10 ***      
                time2014                1007.790921  162.171322   6.2144 7.634e-10 ***      
                time2015                1008.558828  162.281479   6.2149 7.610e-10 ***      
                time2016                1006.729553  162.340502   6.2013 8.267e-10 ***      
                time2017                1007.475374  162.332848   6.2062 8.024e-10 ***      
                time2018                1007.450832  162.290254   6.2077 7.951e-10 ***      
                time2019                1005.870319  162.268309   6.1988 8.396e-10 ***      
                time2020                 997.170380  162.367057   6.1415 1.190e-09 ***      
                iis85                    -72.253787    9.427735  -7.6640 4.356e-14 ***      
                iis86                    -46.745558    9.425537  -4.9595 8.340e-07 ***      
                iis87                    -54.388869    9.418837  -5.7745 1.038e-08 ***      
                iis88                    -53.507737    9.418476  -5.6811 1.767e-08 ***      
                iis89                    -24.778486    9.406539  -2.6342 0.0085682 **       
                iis92                     39.502726    7.457722   5.2969 1.457e-07 ***      
                iis93                     87.056601    7.450347  11.6849 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis94                    119.945499    7.460277  16.0779 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis95                     87.646053    7.469076  11.7345 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis96                     77.532533    7.474198  10.3734 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis97                     64.259629    7.461188   8.6125 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis98                     57.109061    7.437206   7.6788 3.905e-14 ***      
                iis105                  -140.895202    7.680583 -18.3443 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis450                    28.386999    7.109274   3.9930 7.017e-05 ***      
                iis693                   -34.933368    7.438931  -4.6960 3.034e-06 ***      
                fesisCalifornia.2006      79.794177    7.492126  10.6504 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                fesisCalifornia.2017     -41.262296    5.166510  -7.9865 3.906e-15 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2013    -19.784585    3.033061  -6.5230 1.107e-10 ***      
                fesisMassachusetts.2006   32.722215    3.738906   8.7518 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                fesisMassachusetts.2014  -26.994156    3.575324  -7.5501 9.999e-14 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2016        -19.707860    3.840399  -5.1317 3.466e-07 ***      
                fesisNorthDakota.2012     18.916494    3.823981   4.9468 8.886e-07 ***      
                fesisPennsylvania.2007    29.265085    3.584766   8.1637 1.001e-15 ***      
                fesisPennsylvania.2014   -29.756674    3.577567  -8.3176 3.010e-16 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   192.37  1 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 111.12  1 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     6.58252      
                R-squared            0.96801      
                Log-lik.(n=1071) -3488.39465      
us_q20

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q20 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Sun Mar 26 23:50:02 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 945       
                Sample: 1 to 945       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                               coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                    -176.245763   30.023060  -5.8703 6.229e-09 ***      
                lpop                      18.116729    8.734277   2.0742 0.0383599 *        
                lgdp_sq                    6.567803    1.207662   5.4384 7.027e-08 ***      
                avg_temp                   0.028904    0.296768   0.0974 0.9224359          
                idArizona                 17.444948    3.078434   5.6668 1.991e-08 ***      
                idArkansas                -3.307541    4.274947  -0.7737 0.4393212          
                idCalifornia              99.300329   16.144536   6.1507 1.186e-09 ***      
                idColorado                31.290625    5.808351   5.3872 9.268e-08 ***      
                idConnecticut             53.195957    5.995201   8.8731 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                14.189516   12.479999   1.1370 0.2558664          
                idDistrictofColumbia      26.163534   16.177090   1.6173 0.1061798          
                idFlorida                 12.941193   10.162383   1.2734 0.2032094          
                idGeorgia                 10.370166    5.585725   1.8565 0.0637209 .        
                idHawaii                  -1.114160   10.200826  -0.1092 0.9130517          
                idIdaho                   -6.404263   10.479041  -0.6111 0.5412636          
                idIllinois                21.277042    8.389608   2.5361 0.0113867 *        
                idIndiana                  7.644021    4.614610   1.6565 0.0979928 .        
                idIowa                     5.439245    5.878849   0.9252 0.3551124          
                idKansas                   3.598232    4.910195   0.7328 0.4638771          
                idKentucky                 1.216223    3.093844   0.3931 0.6943362          
                idLouisiana                4.230347    2.912946   1.4523 0.1467986          
                idMaine                   -6.572551   11.687704  -0.5623 0.5740274          
                idMaryland                13.948987    4.049181   3.4449 0.0005992 ***      
                idMassachusetts           47.550068    6.650564   7.1498 1.872e-12 ***      
                idMichigan                33.893945    7.862469   4.3109 1.816e-05 ***      
                idMinnesota               26.879681    7.037513   3.8195 0.0001434 ***      
                idMissouri                 5.520238    3.722717   1.4829 0.1384840          
                idNebraska                 3.202723    8.228396   0.3892 0.6972048          
                idNevada                   8.617502    5.960507   1.4458 0.1486109          
                idNewHampshire             5.501707   11.093651   0.4959 0.6200698          
                idNewJersey               24.277686    6.262642   3.8766 0.0001141 ***      
                idNewMexico                5.295652    7.034449   0.7528 0.4517682          
                idNewYork                 62.510466   12.322888   5.0727 4.816e-07 ***      
                idNorthCarolina           21.914654    5.527497   3.9647 7.967e-05 ***      
                idOhio                    30.982222    7.626853   4.0623 5.309e-05 ***      
                idOklahoma                 4.484921    2.904775   1.5440 0.1229643          
                idOregon                  15.872247    5.333027   2.9762 0.0030009 **       
                idPennsylvania            24.509509    8.970553   2.7322 0.0064213 **       
                idRhodeIsland             -3.476829   11.807692  -0.2945 0.7684824          
                idSouthCarolina           18.513014    2.148837   8.6154 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota             -9.560757   14.303676  -0.6684 0.5040516          
                idTennessee                5.935001    3.402551   1.7443 0.0814714 .        
                idTexas                   23.361043   12.403163   1.8835 0.0599769 .        
                idUtah                     7.390288    6.123544   1.2069 0.2278197          
                idVermont                -18.752460   16.917865  -1.1084 0.2679845          
                idVirginia                16.835190    5.213069   3.2294 0.0012880 **       
                idWashington              24.899126    6.290693   3.9581 8.186e-05 ***      
                idWisconsin               19.391395    6.384449   3.0373 0.0024600 **       
                time2000                1009.453997  201.138589   5.0187 6.336e-07 ***      
                time2001                1010.257627  201.215443   5.0208 6.270e-07 ***      
                time2002                1012.336087  201.265995   5.0298 5.989e-07 ***      
                time2003                1013.021879  201.273853   5.0331 5.892e-07 ***      
                time2004                1014.496399  201.365993   5.0381 5.744e-07 ***      
                time2005                1017.343857  201.443131   5.0503 5.399e-07 ***      
                time2006                1019.226989  201.538420   5.0572 5.211e-07 ***      
                time2007                1021.490519  201.532558   5.0686 4.918e-07 ***      
                time2008                1023.657887  201.495465   5.0803 4.633e-07 ***      
                time2009                1027.680389  201.503218   5.1001 4.187e-07 ***      
                time2010                1028.634508  201.598640   5.1024 4.138e-07 ***      
                time2011                1027.409707  201.639036   5.0953 4.291e-07 ***      
                time2012                1026.362665  201.756809   5.0871 4.474e-07 ***      
                time2013                1025.479998  201.596034   5.0868 4.481e-07 ***      
                time2014                1020.772292  201.614653   5.0630 5.061e-07 ***      
                time2015                1021.488828  201.748433   5.0632 5.056e-07 ***      
                time2016                1019.542754  201.837322   5.0513 5.371e-07 ***      
                time2017                1020.242817  201.830977   5.0549 5.272e-07 ***      
                time2018                1020.088057  201.795201   5.0551 5.269e-07 ***      
                time2019                1018.257492  201.780724   5.0464 5.507e-07 ***      
                time2020                1008.574903  201.879804   4.9959 7.107e-07 ***      
                iis64                    -59.526300    8.604792  -6.9178 9.015e-12 ***      
                iis65                    -33.949075    8.602693  -3.9463 8.590e-05 ***      
                iis66                    -41.631132    8.595267  -4.8435 1.515e-06 ***      
                iis67                    -40.860067    8.593718  -4.7546 2.334e-06 ***      
                iis70                     51.998691    8.295222   6.2685 5.788e-10 ***      
                iis71                     81.474089    8.260623   9.8629 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis72                    128.769510    8.250107  15.6082 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis73                    160.973783    8.282680  19.4350 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis74                    128.681744    8.270569  15.5590 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis75                    118.868247    8.266610  14.3793 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis76                    105.335659    8.236705  12.7886 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis77                     98.354302    8.198176  11.9971 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis78                     40.345982    8.229411   4.9027 1.132e-06 ***      
                iis79                     37.454179    8.133418   4.6050 4.755e-06 ***      
                iis80                     37.269735    8.110122   4.5955 4.971e-06 ***      
                iis84                   -139.811622    8.093878 -17.2738 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis429                    28.802590    7.491680   3.8446 0.0001297 ***      
                iis630                   -33.606848    7.839566  -4.2868 2.020e-05 ***      
                fesisCalifornia.2006      49.817883    6.750533   7.3798 3.770e-13 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009    -16.283117    3.142962  -5.1808 2.760e-07 ***      
                fesisMassachusetts.2006   31.571813    3.944811   8.0034 3.956e-15 ***      
                fesisMassachusetts.2014  -26.363943    3.766785  -6.9991 5.224e-12 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2016        -19.893782    4.059625  -4.9004 1.145e-06 ***      
                fesisPennsylvania.2007    28.126915    3.780081   7.4408 2.448e-13 ***      
                fesisPennsylvania.2014   -28.952330    3.770858  -7.6779 4.436e-14 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   170.229  1 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1)  92.886  1 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     6.92679      
                R-squared            0.96778      
                Log-lik.(n=945)  -3122.84625      
us_q30

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Sun Mar 26 23:53:45 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 756       
                Sample: 1 to 756       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                               coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                    -216.247104   42.958122 -5.0339 6.168e-07 ***      
                lpop                      19.583986   10.632157  1.8420 0.0659185 .        
                lgdp_sq                    8.364344    1.662096  5.0324 6.214e-07 ***      
                avg_temp                   0.034432    0.380949  0.0904 0.9280077          
                idCalifornia              19.993621   16.756476  1.1932 0.2332138          
                idColorado                14.055231    6.524758  2.1541 0.0315816 *        
                idConnecticut             27.924275    7.224886  3.8650 0.0001218 ***      
                idDelaware                 2.992999   16.496765  0.1814 0.8560848          
                idDistrictofColumbia      15.141215   20.823727  0.7271 0.4674077          
                idFlorida                -13.740507   10.291483 -1.3351 0.1822813          
                idGeorgia                -10.830084    4.559568 -2.3752 0.0178149 *        
                idIdaho                  -18.389541   14.187966 -1.2961 0.1953701          
                idIllinois                -3.599542    7.708469 -0.4670 0.6406792          
                idIndiana                -10.335221    4.170384 -2.4782 0.0134459 *        
                idIowa                    -8.640046    8.000906 -1.0799 0.2805786          
                idKentucky               -13.834928    4.439867 -3.1161 0.0019103 **       
                idMaryland                -4.220224    3.752633 -1.1246 0.2611557          
                idMassachusetts           28.417443    6.615991  4.2953 2.000e-05 ***      
                idMichigan                13.054917    7.613061  1.7148 0.0868386 .        
                idMinnesota                9.350277    7.969998  1.1732 0.2411345          
                idMissouri               -11.790920    3.346899 -3.5229 0.0004555 ***      
                idNevada                  -4.902517    8.421239 -0.5822 0.5606521          
                idNewHampshire            -6.184032   14.751104 -0.4192 0.6751847          
                idNewJersey                2.429452    5.370686  0.4524 0.6511588          
                idNewMexico               -7.153517   10.193738 -0.7018 0.4830725          
                idNewYork                 31.294220   12.664106  2.4711 0.0137150 *        
                idNorthCarolina            1.077195    4.262329  0.2527 0.8005578          
                idOhio                     8.266134    6.830433  1.2102 0.2266277          
                idOklahoma               -10.214122    4.932818 -2.0706 0.0387703 *        
                idOregon                   1.037286    6.923229  0.1498 0.8809458          
                idPennsylvania             9.734839    7.963979  1.2224 0.2219974          
                idRhodeIsland            -15.032843   15.798444 -0.9515 0.3416702          
                idSouthCarolina            3.233538    3.767995  0.8582 0.3911086          
                idTennessee              -11.695954    2.643624 -4.4242 1.128e-05 ***      
                idTexas                   -8.738287   12.877966 -0.6785 0.4976577          
                idUtah                    -6.110504    8.558438 -0.7140 0.4754892          
                idVirginia                -3.592369    4.134330 -0.8689 0.3852033          
                idWashington               5.293991    6.239624  0.8484 0.3964889          
                idWisconsin                2.181029    7.050425  0.3093 0.7571526          
                time2000                1232.598503  274.171776  4.4957 8.156e-06 ***      
                time2001                1234.033651  274.243906  4.4998 8.006e-06 ***      
                time2002                1236.243403  274.287648  4.5071 7.742e-06 ***      
                time2003                1236.589003  274.301765  4.5081 7.706e-06 ***      
                time2004                1237.957172  274.440635  4.5108 7.611e-06 ***      
                time2005                1240.824962  274.536289  4.5197 7.308e-06 ***      
                time2006                1243.185479  274.652744  4.5264 7.088e-06 ***      
                time2007                1246.160557  274.638491  4.5375 6.736e-06 ***      
                time2008                1249.694646  274.571860  4.5514 6.316e-06 ***      
                time2009                1253.304110  274.516457  4.5655 5.919e-06 ***      
                time2010                1254.512167  274.617979  4.5682 5.845e-06 ***      
                time2011                1252.714063  274.656854  4.5610 6.043e-06 ***      
                time2012                1251.138202  274.780565  4.5532 6.264e-06 ***      
                time2013                1250.377398  274.608732  4.5533 6.262e-06 ***      
                time2014                1243.615806  274.640358  4.5282 7.030e-06 ***      
                time2015                1244.291119  274.796560  4.5280 7.034e-06 ***      
                time2016                1241.520577  274.891529  4.5164 7.420e-06 ***      
                time2017                1242.290298  274.884963  4.5193 7.322e-06 ***      
                time2018                1241.921007  274.873297  4.5182 7.360e-06 ***      
                time2019                1240.093098  274.884579  4.5113 7.594e-06 ***      
                time2020                1227.411738  274.935795  4.4644 9.407e-06 ***      
                iis28                    100.612783    9.765961 10.3024 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis29                    129.132424    9.762842 13.2269 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis30                    174.925060    9.773509 17.8979 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis31                    207.926195    9.763127 21.2971 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis32                    175.127387    9.774532 17.9167 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis33                    165.710711    9.790832 16.9251 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis34                    152.393512    9.793784 15.5602 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis35                    144.897910    9.810544 14.7696 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis36                     88.486067    9.928841  8.9120 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis37                     85.071034    9.888552  8.6030 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis38                     85.329641    9.925956  8.5966 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis39                     55.624117    9.999951  5.5624 3.833e-08 ***      
                iis40                     55.260398   10.078856  5.4828 5.914e-08 ***      
                iis41                     30.286697   10.146669  2.9849 0.0029390 **       
                iis42                    -89.847726   10.118910 -8.8792 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                fesisCalifornia.2004      43.010895    6.922703  6.2130 9.078e-10 ***      
                fesisMassachusetts.2006   32.721066    4.357914  7.5084 1.894e-13 ***      
                fesisMassachusetts.2014  -27.578095    4.142594 -6.6572 5.771e-11 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2016        -25.507251    4.237154 -6.0199 2.860e-09 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   128.621  1 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1)  55.077  1 1.159e-13 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     7.84514      
                R-squared            0.96464      
                Log-lik.(n=756)  -2590.49766      

AR1

Ihs Patent Count

0.01

us_all

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_all (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:14:04 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 1020       
                Sample: 1 to 1020       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                   coef  std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                            0.019074   0.028916   0.6596 0.5096505          
                lgdp                          50.380694   3.690418  13.6518 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lpop                         -39.613917   2.273062 -17.4276 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp_sq                       -1.830075   0.220054  -8.3165 3.283e-16 ***      
                avg_temp                      -0.063897   0.089415  -0.7146 0.4750331          
                idAlaska                      -0.796288   0.174284  -4.5689 5.578e-06 ***      
                idArizona                      1.903561   0.130671  14.5676 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                     0.884278   0.380006   2.3270 0.0201833 *        
                idCalifornia                   4.173524   0.170702  24.4491 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                     2.252950   0.135064  16.6807 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                  2.893930   0.177418  16.3113 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                     1.757921   0.142069  12.3737 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia           0.216523   0.172481   1.2553 0.2096762          
                idFlorida                      2.345285   0.136321  17.2042 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idGeorgia                      1.655659   0.127894  12.9456 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idHawaii                       0.141390   0.122345   1.1557 0.2481241          
                idIdaho                        0.286037   0.117676   2.4307 0.0152610 *        
                idIllinois                     2.362110   0.136976  17.2447 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIndiana                      1.197654   0.122689   9.7617 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIowa                         0.272706   0.117625   2.3184 0.0206469 *        
                idKansas                      -0.019323   0.117321  -0.1647 0.8692158          
                idKentucky                     0.179184   0.118953   1.5063 0.1323274          
                idLouisiana                    0.113721   0.117414   0.9685 0.3330288          
                idMaine                        0.191079   0.118895   1.6071 0.1083725          
                idMaryland                     1.535412   0.125893  12.1962 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMassachusetts                3.038116   0.148278  20.4893 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                     2.572753   0.140442  18.3189 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota                    2.145976   0.134036  16.0104 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMississippi                 -1.227179   0.128317  -9.5637 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMissouri                     0.928943   0.121591   7.6399 5.502e-14 ***      
                idMontana                     -0.617057   0.118549  -5.2051 2.397e-07 ***      
                idNebraska                    -0.650784   0.145603  -4.4696 8.826e-06 ***      
                idNevada                       0.886146   0.120400   7.3600 4.111e-13 ***      
                idNewHampshire                 1.066159   0.122133   8.7295 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey                    2.236596   0.135136  16.5507 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewMexico                    1.202397   0.122950   9.7796 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewYork                      3.261397   0.152716  21.3560 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                2.246451   0.135129  16.6245 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthDakota                 -0.757478   0.121757  -6.2212 7.514e-10 ***      
                idOhio                         2.579687   0.140929  18.3049 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOklahoma                     0.647998   0.118829   5.4532 6.376e-08 ***      
                idOregon                       1.706828   0.128090  13.3253 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                 2.641543   0.141661  18.6470 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                  1.222128   0.206057   5.9310 4.273e-09 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                1.330287   0.167759   7.9297 6.414e-15 ***      
                idSouthDakota                 -0.994212   0.231375  -4.2970 1.918e-05 ***      
                idTennessee                    1.035226   0.122253   8.4679 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                        2.789460   0.143887  19.3865 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                         0.885998   0.120517   7.3517 4.360e-13 ***      
                idVermont                     -0.061984   0.117320  -0.5283 0.5973975          
                idVirginia                     1.845607   0.129610  14.2397 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWashington                   2.137756   0.133449  16.0193 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWestVirginia                -0.769000   0.119275  -6.4473 1.845e-10 ***      
                idWisconsin                    1.910537   0.130171  14.6771 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWyoming                     -0.441469   0.126854  -3.4801 0.0005249 ***      
                time2001                      -2.796206   0.575464  -4.8590 1.389e-06 ***      
                time2002                      -2.688232   0.533579  -5.0381 5.670e-07 ***      
                time2003                      -2.583384   0.462749  -5.5827 3.126e-08 ***      
                time2004                      -2.729814   0.329796  -8.2773 4.462e-16 ***      
                time2005                      -2.379763   0.253069  -9.4036 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2006                      -1.740122   0.203913  -8.5336 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2007                      -1.208997   0.177097  -6.8268 1.585e-11 ***      
                time2008                      -0.814112   0.217637  -3.7407 0.0001950 ***      
                time2009                      -0.114294   0.257257  -0.4443 0.6569458          
                time2010                      -0.065233   0.230503  -0.2830 0.7772398          
                time2011                       0.039727   0.168189   0.2362 0.8133275          
                time2012                       0.153991   0.153871   1.0008 0.3171987          
                time2013                      -0.047213   0.205264  -0.2300 0.8181352          
                time2014                      -0.206631   0.250061  -0.8263 0.4088372          
                time2015                       0.103765   0.120943   0.8580 0.3911371          
                time2016                       0.044282   0.109911   0.4029 0.6871214          
                iis17                         -1.187407   0.379672  -3.1275 0.0018193 **       
                iis75                         -1.459675   0.387977  -3.7623 0.0001791 ***      
                iis79                         -1.565092   0.388756  -4.0259 6.148e-05 ***      
                iis164                        -1.329543   0.399724  -3.3261 0.0009158 ***      
                iis168                        -1.211812   0.429861  -2.8191 0.0049207 **       
                iis235                        -1.699714   0.380613  -4.4657 8.982e-06 ***      
                iis237                        -1.575378   0.382148  -4.1224 4.092e-05 ***      
                iis238                        -1.791913   0.382284  -4.6874 3.190e-06 ***      
                iis346                        -1.469578   0.379484  -3.8726 0.0001154 ***      
                iis384                        -1.347022   0.379918  -3.5456 0.0004117 ***      
                iis481                         1.386250   0.381498   3.6337 0.0002950 ***      
                iis482                         2.027382   0.383003   5.2934 1.506e-07 ***      
                iis483                         1.780332   0.385157   4.6223 4.342e-06 ***      
                iis501                        -1.370882   0.379613  -3.6113 0.0003214 ***      
                iis548                        -1.111002   0.389964  -2.8490 0.0044848 **       
                iis687                        -1.197759   0.380949  -3.1441 0.0017198 **       
                iis829                         1.027913   0.386266   2.6612 0.0079245 **       
                iis839                        -1.628325   0.386425  -4.2138 2.761e-05 ***      
                iis843                        -1.246098   0.379553  -3.2831 0.0010660 **       
                iis1002                        1.203170   0.382050   3.1492 0.0016903 **       
                fesisAlaska.2007              -1.188477   0.207581  -5.7254 1.401e-08 ***      
                fesisAlaska.2014               0.768037   0.198037   3.8783 0.0001128 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2002            -1.556412   0.413664  -3.7625 0.0001790 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2006            -0.865953   0.282690  -3.0633 0.0022539 **       
                fesisArkansas.2009             1.518966   0.243887   6.2282 7.202e-10 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009         -0.605754   0.169841  -3.5666 0.0003805 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014            -0.827115   0.183714  -4.5022 7.598e-06 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2020            -1.195272   0.399563  -2.9914 0.0028515 **       
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008  -0.680644   0.262891  -2.5891 0.0097770 **       
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012   0.980313   0.250622   3.9115 9.854e-05 ***      
                fesisMississippi.2020          1.526418   0.381401   4.0021 6.788e-05 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2012             0.774605   0.172102   4.5008 7.646e-06 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2005         -0.896023   0.208246  -4.3027 1.870e-05 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008        0.823653   0.175107   4.7037 2.951e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2004          1.689649   0.427221   3.9550 8.249e-05 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2005         -1.835290   0.427249  -4.2956 1.930e-05 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008          1.198002   0.241569   4.9592 8.442e-07 ***      
                fesisWyoming.2017             -0.963831   0.235794  -4.0876 4.744e-05 ***      
                fesisWyoming.2020              1.948370   0.427297   4.5598 5.821e-06 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                    Chi-sq df  p-value         
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.082864  1 0.773454         
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 7.193671  1 0.007316 **      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.36611      
                R-squared           0.94128      
                Log-lik.(n=1020) -367.40855      
us_q20

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q20 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:18:10 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 900       
                Sample: 1 to 900       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                            0.0239121   0.0298801   0.8003 0.4237944          
                lgdp                          57.5247978   3.5671729  16.1262 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lpop                         -44.4666086   2.1589340 -20.5966 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp_sq                       -2.1215720   0.2134996  -9.9371 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                avg_temp                      -0.1026811   0.0860950  -1.1926 0.2333630          
                idArizona                      1.8915866   0.1213102  15.5930 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                     0.8874350   0.3431175   2.5864 0.0098757 **       
                idCalifornia                   4.1504309   0.1661113  24.9858 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                     2.2394061   0.1263399  17.7252 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                  2.9009937   0.1663522  17.4389 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                     1.7540564   0.1310689  13.3827 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia           0.0047333   0.1346482   0.0352 0.9719663          
                idFlorida                      2.3313228   0.1277725  18.2459 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idGeorgia                      1.6447919   0.1181096  13.9260 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idHawaii                       0.3955794   0.1399975   2.8256 0.0048374 **       
                idIdaho                        0.3393721   0.1075880   3.1544 0.0016691 **       
                idIllinois                     2.3479342   0.1285188  18.2692 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIndiana                      1.1892996   0.1120650  10.6126 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIowa                         0.2144950   0.1076127   1.9932 0.0465800 *        
                idKansas                      -0.0828311   0.1071419  -0.7731 0.4396948          
                idKentucky                     0.1728113   0.1072665   1.6110 0.1075672          
                idLouisiana                    0.2278078   0.1298206   1.7548 0.0796810 .        
                idMaine                        0.2464072   0.1086861   2.2671 0.0236495 *        
                idMaryland                     1.5254242   0.1157932  13.1737 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMassachusetts                3.0205980   0.1412721  21.3814 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                     2.5574895   0.1324511  19.3089 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota                    2.1327833   0.1251668  17.0395 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMissouri                     0.9222261   0.1103449   8.3577 2.849e-16 ***      
                idNebraska                    -0.5349447   0.1365041  -3.9189 9.663e-05 ***      
                idNevada                       1.0891394   0.1306414   8.3369 3.349e-16 ***      
                idNewHampshire                 1.0581315   0.1114150   9.4972 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey                    2.2230276   0.1264224  17.5841 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewMexico                    1.1938957   0.1123691  10.6248 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewYork                      3.2426927   0.1462315  22.1751 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                2.2328855   0.1264147  17.6632 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOhio                         2.5642760   0.1330015  19.2801 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOklahoma                     0.6424913   0.1075377   5.9746 3.481e-09 ***      
                idOregon                       2.3947247   0.2183618  10.9668 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                 2.6259120   0.1338285  19.6215 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                  1.2362702   0.1871178   6.6069 7.189e-11 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                1.3444735   0.1530199   8.7863 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota                 -1.0421200   0.1573426  -6.6233 6.474e-11 ***      
                idTennessee                    1.0254099   0.1111381   9.2265 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                        2.7731753   0.1363394  20.3402 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                         0.8790363   0.1095217   8.0261 3.613e-15 ***      
                idVermont                     -0.0643018   0.1057608  -0.6080 0.5433662          
                idVirginia                     1.8340424   0.1200894  15.2723 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWashington                   2.1247684   0.1244956  17.0670 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWisconsin                    1.8987535   0.1207349  15.7266 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2001                      -3.3189900   0.5576481  -5.9518 3.978e-09 ***      
                time2002                      -3.1919395   0.5168288  -6.1760 1.049e-09 ***      
                time2003                      -3.1382404   0.4486038  -6.9956 5.616e-12 ***      
                time2004                      -3.2123947   0.3199340 -10.0408 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2005                      -2.7662973   0.2450167 -11.2902 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2006                      -2.1273944   0.1971674 -10.7898 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2007                      -1.5270887   0.1710328  -8.9286 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2008                      -1.1272774   0.2107159  -5.3497 1.153e-07 ***      
                time2009                      -0.3812735   0.2487736  -1.5326 0.1257697          
                time2010                      -0.2670732   0.2229371  -1.1980 0.2312840          
                time2011                      -0.1273744   0.1625702  -0.7835 0.4335651          
                time2012                       0.0845766   0.1484669   0.5697 0.5690651          
                time2013                      -0.1762375   0.1978779  -0.8906 0.3733934          
                time2014                      -0.3691200   0.2409702  -1.5318 0.1259682          
                time2015                       0.0400579   0.1164811   0.3439 0.7310120          
                time2016                       0.0455975   0.1057538   0.4312 0.6664644          
                iis17                         -1.2362128   0.3427541  -3.6067 0.0003295 ***      
                iis46                         -1.6649063   0.3512129  -4.7404 2.527e-06 ***      
                iis47                         -1.3509427   0.3519723  -3.8382 0.0001338 ***      
                iis48                         -1.3512831   0.3512410  -3.8472 0.0001291 ***      
                iis55                         -1.4618643   0.3502738  -4.1735 3.331e-05 ***      
                iis59                         -1.5520531   0.3511068  -4.4205 1.122e-05 ***      
                iis144                        -1.0982291   0.3527255  -3.1136 0.0019148 **       
                iis148                        -1.6590430   0.3535382  -4.6927 3.175e-06 ***      
                iis215                        -1.9411198   0.3864023  -5.0236 6.268e-07 ***      
                iis217                        -1.8492782   0.3905291  -4.7353 2.590e-06 ***      
                iis218                        -2.0598399   0.3856125  -5.3417 1.203e-07 ***      
                iis221                        -1.1442567   0.3428108  -3.3379 0.0008836 ***      
                iis282                         1.0889152   0.3435973   3.1692 0.0015874 **       
                iis326                        -1.4050621   0.3426257  -4.1009 4.540e-05 ***      
                iis364                        -1.3794284   0.3434210  -4.0167 6.462e-05 ***      
                iis370                        -1.1294709   0.3433423  -3.2896 0.0010474 **       
                iis461                        -1.3692432   0.3427407  -3.9950 7.071e-05 ***      
                iis488                        -1.2044179   0.3544529  -3.3980 0.0007127 ***      
                iis490                        -0.9784457   0.3520484  -2.7793 0.0055765 **       
                iis744                         1.7624148   0.3607183   4.8858 1.246e-06 ***      
                iis749                         0.9638154   0.3518808   2.7390 0.0063000 **       
                iis763                        -1.1922663   0.3425717  -3.4803 0.0005281 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2002            -1.5447839   0.3734334  -4.1367 3.899e-05 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2006             0.6207334   0.1978040   3.1381 0.0017632 **       
                fesisConnecticut.2009         -0.6427252   0.1538459  -4.1777 3.271e-05 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014            -1.0152696   0.1583442  -6.4118 2.467e-10 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012   0.4853782   0.1599014   3.0355 0.0024799 **       
                fesisHawaii.2009              -0.6901935   0.1807016  -3.8195 0.0001441 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2015               0.6578419   0.2380219   2.7638 0.0058458 **       
                fesisKansas.2020               1.2247968   0.3427241   3.5737 0.0003732 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2011           -0.8506458   0.1990747  -4.2730 2.163e-05 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015            1.0270015   0.2168880   4.7352 2.592e-06 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2012             0.6350739   0.1597602   3.9752 7.674e-05 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012              -0.7161137   0.1626418  -4.4030 1.214e-05 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019               1.1238210   0.2678528   4.1957 3.028e-05 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004              -0.8221716   0.2102190  -3.9110 9.977e-05 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2005         -0.8329253   0.1910162  -4.3605 1.468e-05 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2019         -0.6991780   0.2529237  -2.7644 0.0058352 **       
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008        0.7839174   0.1583766   4.9497 9.080e-07 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008          1.1853834   0.1782223   6.6512 5.412e-11 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2018         -0.9552586   0.2232071  -4.2797 2.100e-05 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                    Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.055732  1  0.8134      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 1.949523  1  0.1626      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.33003      
                R-squared           0.94252      
                Log-lik.(n=900)  -226.32598      
us_q30

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:17:53 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 720       
                Sample: 1 to 720       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                           6.7582e-02  3.2905e-02   2.0538 0.0403961 *        
                lgdp                         -1.1582e+02  1.8532e+01  -6.2495 7.509e-10 ***      
                lpop                          1.0886e+02  1.4519e+01   7.4980 2.166e-13 ***      
                lgdp_sq                       2.9932e+00  6.2166e-01   4.8148 1.840e-06 ***      
                avg_temp                      3.7837e-01  1.0847e-01   3.4883 0.0005194 ***      
                idCalifornia                  2.1585e+00  1.1394e-01  18.9433 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                    3.3366e-01  8.5896e-02   3.8844 0.0001132 ***      
                idConnecticut                 9.4782e-01  1.1834e-01   8.0092 5.454e-15 ***      
                idDelaware                   -1.3677e-01  9.6478e-02  -1.4177 0.1567746          
                idDistrictofColumbia         -1.5768e+00  1.4406e-01 -10.9458 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idFlorida                     4.2179e-01  8.6296e-02   4.8877 1.290e-06 ***      
                idGeorgia                    -2.3680e-01  8.5563e-02  -2.7675 0.0058120 **       
                idIdaho                      -1.4756e+00  1.0221e-01 -14.4366 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIllinois                    4.3647e-01  8.6536e-02   5.0438 5.948e-07 ***      
                idIndiana                    -6.6960e-01  8.8718e-02  -7.5476 1.529e-13 ***      
                idIowa                       -2.4516e+00  2.8797e-01  -8.5134 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idKentucky                   -1.5807e+00  1.0645e-01 -14.8484 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMaryland                   -3.4822e-01  8.6296e-02  -4.0352 6.114e-05 ***      
                idMassachusetts               1.0790e+00  9.3199e-02  11.5770 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                    6.3621e-01  8.8118e-02   7.2200 1.478e-12 ***      
                idMinnesota                   2.3020e-01  8.5633e-02   2.6883 0.0073691 **       
                idMissouri                   -9.1703e-01  9.3712e-02  -9.7856 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNevada                     -7.7830e-01  1.0483e-01  -7.4247 3.615e-13 ***      
                idNewHampshire               -7.9783e-01  8.9359e-02  -8.9283 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey                   3.1706e-01  8.5917e-02   3.6903 0.0002431 ***      
                idNewMexico                  -6.6634e-01  8.8445e-02  -7.5339 1.683e-13 ***      
                idNewYork                     1.2904e+00  9.6745e-02  13.3377 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina               3.2694e-01  8.5915e-02   3.8053 0.0001552 ***      
                idOhio                        6.4167e-01  8.8378e-02   7.2604 1.121e-12 ***      
                idOklahoma                   -1.1907e+00  9.5917e-02 -12.4140 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOregon                      4.3654e-01  1.6921e-01   2.5798 0.0101061 *        
                idPennsylvania                7.0132e-01  8.8785e-02   7.8991 1.225e-14 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                -5.6459e-01  1.7129e-01  -3.2961 0.0010344 **       
                idSouthCarolina              -5.4446e-01  1.2071e-01  -4.5106 7.690e-06 ***      
                idTennessee                  -8.2337e-01  9.2375e-02  -8.9134 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                       8.4268e-01  9.0132e-02   9.3495 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                       -9.1510e-01  9.2957e-02  -9.8442 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idVirginia                    3.8397e-03  8.6415e-02   0.0444 0.9645731          
                idWashington                  2.2403e-01  8.5509e-02   2.6200 0.0090011 **       
                idWisconsin                   8.8965e-03  8.5241e-02   0.1044 0.9169088          
                time2001                      1.7157e+01  3.3272e+00   5.1565 3.356e-07 ***      
                time2002                      1.6224e+01  3.1066e+00   5.2223 2.392e-07 ***      
                time2003                      1.6145e+01  2.9175e+00   5.5338 4.572e-08 ***      
                time2004                      1.5827e+01  2.8433e+00   5.5663 3.827e-08 ***      
                time2005                      1.5146e+01  2.5166e+00   6.0186 2.961e-09 ***      
                time2006                      1.3663e+01  2.1861e+00   6.2496 7.504e-10 ***      
                time2007                      1.2408e+01  1.8998e+00   6.5310 1.331e-10 ***      
                time2008                      1.0580e+01  1.7198e+00   6.1517 1.350e-09 ***      
                time2009                      5.9239e+00  1.2668e+00   4.6763 3.564e-06 ***      
                time2010                      5.5441e+00  1.2297e+00   4.5086 7.759e-06 ***      
                time2011                      5.3350e+00  1.1579e+00   4.6073 4.923e-06 ***      
                time2012                      4.0598e+00  8.4154e-01   4.8242 1.758e-06 ***      
                time2013                      3.6668e+00  8.7296e-01   4.2005 3.041e-05 ***      
                time2014                      1.5855e+00  5.0970e-01   3.1107 0.0019493 **       
                time2015                      1.0528e+00  4.0008e-01   2.6315 0.0087045 **       
                time2016                      2.2733e-01  2.1479e-01   1.0584 0.2902919          
                iis104                       -1.4019e+00  2.9568e-01  -4.7414 2.617e-06 ***      
                iis108                       -1.0502e+00  3.4029e-01  -3.0861 0.0021155 **       
                iis161                       -1.2150e+00  2.8124e-01  -4.3200 1.808e-05 ***      
                iis222                        9.8110e-01  2.8238e-01   3.4744 0.0005465 ***      
                iis241                       -1.0588e+00  2.8172e-01  -3.7583 0.0001867 ***      
                iis246                       -1.5146e+00  2.8091e-01  -5.3919 9.816e-08 ***      
                iis341                       -1.4518e+00  2.8111e-01  -5.1647 3.219e-07 ***      
                iis378                       -8.3898e-01  2.9547e-01  -2.8395 0.0046615 **       
                iis603                       -1.1727e+00  2.8062e-01  -4.1789 3.336e-05 ***      
                iis659                       -1.0439e+00  2.8064e-01  -3.7199 0.0002168 ***      
                iis661                       -1.1536e+00  2.8122e-01  -4.1022 4.619e-05 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009        -5.8740e-01  1.2659e-01  -4.6401 4.224e-06 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014           -8.0565e-01  1.3712e-01  -5.8757 6.769e-09 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2020           -1.1179e+00  2.9537e-01  -3.7847 0.0001683 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -8.4860e-01  2.2585e-01  -3.7575 0.0001873 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2011  1.0535e+00  2.1766e-01   4.8401 1.628e-06 ***      
                fesisIowa.2002                8.9895e-01  2.8177e-01   3.1904 0.0014902 **       
                fesisNevada.2012             -5.3908e-01  1.4039e-01  -3.8398 0.0001353 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019              9.6545e-01  2.2337e-01   4.3223 1.790e-05 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004             -7.3293e-01  1.7276e-01  -4.2425 2.537e-05 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2004        -8.1414e-01  1.7413e-01  -4.6756 3.576e-06 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2019        -7.4687e-01  2.0671e-01  -3.6131 0.0003263 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008       7.8447e-01  1.3079e-01   5.9978 3.342e-09 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.70269  1  0.4019      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 1.29751  1  0.2547      
                                                
                SE of regression   0.26952      
                R-squared          0.94680      
                Log-lik.(n=720)  -38.14395      

0.05

us_all

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_all (2000:2020); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:14:01 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 1020       
                Sample: 1 to 1020       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                   coef  std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                            0.010941   0.026082   0.4195 0.6749635          
                lgdp                          53.327528   3.233205  16.4937 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lpop                         -41.365939   1.983414 -20.8559 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp_sq                       -1.936686   0.192007 -10.0865 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                avg_temp                      -0.154836   0.077038  -2.0099 0.0447571 *        
                idAlaska                      -0.231492   0.258842  -0.8943 0.3713917          
                idArizona                      2.642537   0.235573  11.2175 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                     1.366884   0.309439   4.4173 1.127e-05 ***      
                idCalifornia                   4.931192   0.255462  19.3030 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                     2.994564   0.237566  12.6052 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                  3.646513   0.256408  14.2215 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                     2.494535   0.239815  10.4019 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia           0.942524   0.252011   3.7400 0.0001962 ***      
                idFlorida                      3.087603   0.238145  12.9652 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idGeorgia                      2.392773   0.234340  10.2107 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idHawaii                       1.104609   0.244325   4.5211 7.013e-06 ***      
                idIdaho                       -0.136241   0.377284  -0.3611 0.7181058          
                idIllinois                     3.104788   0.238449  13.0207 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIndiana                      1.930542   0.232089   8.3181 3.471e-16 ***      
                idIowa                         0.098346   0.377286   0.2607 0.7944122          
                idKansas                       0.800703   0.232657   3.4416 0.0006062 ***      
                idKentucky                     0.902225   0.230447   3.9151 9.750e-05 ***      
                idLouisiana                    0.940935   0.239671   3.9259 9.329e-05 ***      
                idMaine                        0.784769   0.244350   3.2117 0.0013686 **       
                idMaryland                     2.271047   0.233466   9.7275 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMassachusetts                3.786413   0.243857  15.5272 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                     3.317259   0.240074  13.8177 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota                    2.887000   0.237095  12.1765 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMississippi                 -0.209058   0.254126  -0.8227 0.4109323          
                idMissouri                     1.661872   0.231785   7.1699 1.615e-12 ***      
                idMontana                      0.049370   0.230955   0.2138 0.8307804          
                idNebraska                     0.862260   0.377521   2.2840 0.0226134 *        
                idNevada                       1.815742   0.239831   7.5709 9.531e-14 ***      
                idNewHampshire                 1.798500   0.231854   7.7570 2.452e-14 ***      
                idNewJersey                    2.978251   0.237599  12.5348 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewMexico                    1.935533   0.232200   8.3356 3.027e-16 ***      
                idNewYork                      4.011687   0.246064  16.3034 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                2.988102   0.237596  12.5764 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthDakota                 -0.181824   0.258853  -0.7024 0.4826056          
                idOhio                         3.324441   0.240305  13.8343 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOklahoma                     1.376099   0.230477   5.9707 3.451e-09 ***      
                idOregon                       2.444079   0.234427  10.4258 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                 3.386666   0.240652  14.0729 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                  1.925693   0.268778   7.1646 1.674e-12 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                2.066010   0.250341   8.2528 5.771e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota                 -0.228190   0.258900  -0.8814 0.3783567          
                idTennessee                    1.764967   0.231817   7.6136 6.996e-14 ***      
                idTexas                        3.535682   0.241718  14.6273 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                         1.616545   0.231175   6.9927 5.405e-12 ***      
                idVermont                      0.737011   0.244842   3.0102 0.0026873 **       
                idVirginia                     1.496078   0.379694   3.9402 8.799e-05 ***      
                idWashington                   2.878436   0.236827  12.1541 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWestVirginia                 0.177580   0.236762   0.7500 0.4534370          
                idWisconsin                    2.649191   0.235350  11.2564 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWyoming                      0.352556   0.232440   1.5168 0.1296926          
                time2001                      -2.996700   0.499419  -6.0004 2.896e-09 ***      
                time2002                      -2.824583   0.463551  -6.0934 1.665e-09 ***      
                time2003                      -2.892503   0.401517  -7.2039 1.276e-12 ***      
                time2004                      -2.962454   0.286930 -10.3247 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2005                      -2.679745   0.220103 -12.1750 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2006                      -1.909146   0.178102 -10.7194 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2007                      -1.368130   0.154215  -8.8716 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2008                      -1.077149   0.187964  -5.7306 1.383e-08 ***      
                time2009                      -0.341627   0.222091  -1.5382 0.1243595          
                time2010                      -0.244407   0.198897  -1.2288 0.2194759          
                time2011                      -0.077996   0.145904  -0.5346 0.5930867          
                time2012                       0.137050   0.133285   1.0283 0.3041192          
                time2013                      -0.215701   0.176704  -1.2207 0.2225379          
                time2014                      -0.453714   0.214903  -2.1112 0.0350386 *        
                time2015                       0.069528   0.103976   0.6687 0.5038669          
                time2016                       0.068111   0.095061   0.7165 0.4738738          
                iis4                          -1.194503   0.321385  -3.7167 0.0002148 ***      
                iis10                         -1.241798   0.321091  -3.8674 0.0001183 ***      
                iis17                         -1.460328   0.321446  -4.5430 6.336e-06 ***      
                iis23                          0.871269   0.339974   2.5628 0.0105534 *        
                iis62                         -1.885034   0.382873  -4.9234 1.019e-06 ***      
                iis63                         -1.594420   0.380000  -4.1958 3.000e-05 ***      
                iis64                         -1.626769   0.380005  -4.2809 2.070e-05 ***      
                iis66                         -1.805881   0.328147  -5.5033 4.918e-08 ***      
                iis67                         -1.479730   0.328401  -4.5059 7.522e-06 ***      
                iis68                         -1.469739   0.327655  -4.4856 8.254e-06 ***      
                iis75                         -1.553012   0.326972  -4.7497 2.386e-06 ***      
                iis77                         -1.042545   0.327518  -3.1832 0.0015090 **       
                iis79                         -1.617845   0.327888  -4.9341 9.662e-07 ***      
                iis164                        -1.344912   0.335303  -4.0110 6.570e-05 ***      
                iis168                        -1.161611   0.360842  -3.2192 0.0013337 **       
                iis235                        -1.349813   0.328917  -4.1038 4.450e-05 ***      
                iis236                         1.262582   0.330634   3.8187 0.0001438 ***      
                iis237                        -1.215294   0.330841  -3.6733 0.0002542 ***      
                iis238                        -1.498371   0.330353  -4.5357 6.555e-06 ***      
                iis322                        -0.980052   0.319980  -3.0629 0.0022605 **       
                iis326                        -0.923241   0.319890  -2.8861 0.0039976 **       
                iis331                        -1.049045   0.319753  -3.2808 0.0010767 **       
                iis346                        -1.447706   0.318412  -4.5466 6.230e-06 ***      
                iis379                         0.825636   0.339785   2.4299 0.0153072 *        
                iis384                        -1.235789   0.329149  -3.7545 0.0001853 ***      
                iis390                        -1.291813   0.325413  -3.9698 7.794e-05 ***      
                iis481                         1.029056   0.335289   3.0692 0.0022138 **       
                iis482                         1.664551   0.335980   4.9543 8.736e-07 ***      
                iis483                         1.512428   0.337307   4.4838 8.322e-06 ***      
                iis493                        -0.677770   0.326873  -2.0735 0.0384224 *        
                iis501                        -1.429499   0.318588  -4.4870 8.203e-06 ***      
                iis531                         1.031504   0.318324   3.2404 0.0012393 **       
                iis548                        -1.406792   0.342128  -4.1119 4.300e-05 ***      
                iis550                        -1.215360   0.339931  -3.5753 0.0003693 ***      
                iis578                        -0.814970   0.335150  -2.4317 0.0152327 *        
                iis687                        -1.120162   0.325429  -3.4421 0.0006050 ***      
                iis691                        -0.982037   0.324011  -3.0309 0.0025114 **       
                iis817                         0.652858   0.322975   2.0214 0.0435482 *        
                iis824                         1.625295   0.339889   4.7818 2.042e-06 ***      
                iis826                        -0.710780   0.339918  -2.0910 0.0368175 *        
                iis829                         1.019642   0.328870   3.1004 0.0019952 **       
                iis837                         0.648232   0.329459   1.9676 0.0494386 *        
                iis839                        -1.074236   0.379904  -2.8276 0.0047978 **       
                iis843                        -1.224507   0.318358  -3.8463 0.0001287 ***      
                iis902                        -1.062725   0.329134  -3.2289 0.0012899 **       
                iis973                        -0.871061   0.336273  -2.5903 0.0097500 **       
                iis976                        -0.761556   0.334963  -2.2736 0.0232379 *        
                fesisAlabama.2003              0.999479   0.234823   4.2563 2.306e-05 ***      
                fesisAlabama.2020             -0.822472   0.322538  -2.5500 0.0109444 *        
                fesisAlaska.2007              -1.041748   0.183687  -5.6713 1.934e-08 ***      
                fesisAlaska.2014               0.769432   0.166191   4.6298 4.223e-06 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2006            -0.570626   0.242976  -2.3485 0.0190747 *        
                fesisConnecticut.2009         -0.619621   0.142865  -4.3371 1.614e-05 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014            -0.835838   0.154493  -5.4102 8.161e-08 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2020            -1.154875   0.335277  -3.4445 0.0005996 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008  -0.694550   0.220761  -3.1462 0.0017111 **       
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012   0.991412   0.210622   4.7071 2.927e-06 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2009              -0.591271   0.155839  -3.7941 0.0001585 ***      
                fesisIdaho.2002                1.208043   0.318680   3.7908 0.0001606 ***      
                fesisIowa.2002                 1.839494   0.439033   4.1899 3.079e-05 ***      
                fesisIowa.2003                -0.942205   0.319772  -2.9465 0.0033006 **       
                fesisKansas.2020               1.004970   0.320089   3.1397 0.0017491 **       
                fesisLouisiana.2011           -0.829189   0.184787  -4.4873 8.192e-06 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015            0.900718   0.209212   4.3053 1.859e-05 ***      
                fesisMaine.2010                0.343333   0.148065   2.3188 0.0206395 *        
                fesisMississippi.2010         -0.412281   0.164606  -2.5047 0.0124408 *        
                fesisMississippi.2020          1.669431   0.327217   5.1019 4.137e-07 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2002            -1.338563   0.358413  -3.7347 0.0002003 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2005             0.882262   0.226795   3.8901 0.0001079 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2012             0.455331   0.189684   2.4005 0.0165850 *        
                fesisNebraska.2018            -0.986363   0.335415  -2.9407 0.0033620 **       
                fesisNebraska.2019             1.397238   0.380204   3.6750 0.0002526 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012              -0.567551   0.158555  -3.5795 0.0003635 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019               0.969530   0.253414   3.8259 0.0001397 ***      
                fesisNorthDakota.2006          1.122952   0.340254   3.3003 0.0010054 **       
                fesisNorthDakota.2007         -1.006774   0.324425  -3.1033 0.0019764 **       
                fesisNorthDakota.2020          0.958434   0.324278   2.9556 0.0032057 **       
                fesisRhodeIsland.2005         -0.865793   0.175075  -4.9453 9.141e-07 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008        0.777576   0.149219   5.2110 2.352e-07 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008          1.044951   0.179016   5.8372 7.512e-09 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2018         -0.556060   0.245793  -2.2623 0.0239261 *        
                fesisVermont.2010              0.646835   0.210450   3.0736 0.0021817 **       
                fesisVermont.2013             -0.947193   0.210535  -4.4990 7.764e-06 ***      
                fesisVirginia.2002             1.145069   0.318663   3.5934 0.0003449 ***      
                fesisWestVirginia.2013        -0.370516   0.156497  -2.3676 0.0181260 *        
                fesisWyoming.2017             -1.048488   0.197166  -5.3178 1.339e-07 ***      
                fesisWyoming.2020              1.991781   0.358521   5.5556 3.688e-08 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                    Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.098093  1  0.7541      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 1.746387  1  0.1863      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.30691      
                R-squared           0.96091      
                Log-lik.(n=1020) -163.50330      
us_q20

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q20 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:18:14 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 900       
                Sample: 1 to 900       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                   coef  std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                            0.035553   0.026891   1.3221 0.1865362          
                lgdp                          56.730970   3.210324  17.6714 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lpop                         -44.346658   1.933041 -22.9414 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp_sq                       -2.052466   0.193273 -10.6195 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                avg_temp                      -0.139002   0.078196  -1.7776 0.0758654 .        
                idArizona                      2.580602   0.224036  11.5187 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                    -0.329833   0.267340  -1.2338 0.2176695          
                idCalifornia                   4.812694   0.246007  19.5633 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                     2.924646   0.226244  12.9270 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                  3.570688   0.244897  14.5804 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                     2.443175   0.227920  10.7194 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia           0.807691   0.231566   3.4880 0.0005144 ***      
                idFlorida                      3.015556   0.226886  13.2910 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idGeorgia                      2.336472   0.222669  10.4930 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idHawaii                       1.098021   0.231385   4.7454 2.481e-06 ***      
                idIdaho                        1.051135   0.218684   4.8066 1.847e-06 ***      
                idIllinois                     3.031652   0.227223  13.3422 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIndiana                      1.887027   0.220176   8.5705 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIowa                         0.078082   0.357150   0.2186 0.8270000          
                idKansas                       0.779482   0.220414   3.5364 0.0004299 ***      
                idKentucky                     0.883088   0.218295   4.0454 5.752e-05 ***      
                idLouisiana                    0.932393   0.227019   4.1071 4.436e-05 ***      
                idMaine                        0.960716   0.218818   4.3905 1.290e-05 ***      
                idMaryland                     2.219221   0.221700  10.0100 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMassachusetts                3.696274   0.233209  15.8496 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                     3.238590   0.229023  14.1409 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota                    2.818868   0.225722  12.4882 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMissouri                     1.627513   0.219738   7.4066 3.417e-13 ***      
                idNebraska                     0.520605   0.267708   1.9447 0.0521791 .        
                idNevada                       1.783925   0.227507   7.8412 1.492e-14 ***      
                idNewHampshire                 1.756644   0.219916   7.9878 5.019e-15 ***      
                idNewJersey                    2.908209   0.226281  12.8522 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewMexico                    1.891269   0.220299   8.5850 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewYork                      3.915515   0.235649  16.6159 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                2.918072   0.226277  12.8960 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOhio                         3.245022   0.229278  14.1532 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOklahoma                     1.347071   0.218400   6.1679 1.118e-09 ***      
                idOregon                       2.773221   0.299955   9.2454 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                 3.306129   0.229663  14.3956 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                  1.885696   0.254797   7.4008 3.560e-13 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                2.026349   0.237541   8.5305 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota                 -0.213948   0.245251  -0.8724 0.3832838          
                idTennessee                    1.727424   0.219790   7.8594 1.304e-14 ***      
                idTexas                        3.451820   0.230843  14.9531 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                         1.580115   0.219167   7.2097 1.345e-12 ***      
                idVermont                      0.290810   0.252706   1.1508 0.2501791          
                idVirginia                     1.434143   0.359960   3.9842 7.416e-05 ***      
                idWashington                   2.811345   0.225426  12.4713 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWisconsin                    2.588230   0.223788  11.5656 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2001                      -3.090748   0.505646  -6.1125 1.560e-09 ***      
                time2002                      -2.978320   0.469005  -6.3503 3.676e-10 ***      
                time2003                      -3.007880   0.406096  -7.4068 3.411e-13 ***      
                time2004                      -3.094820   0.289307 -10.6974 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2005                      -2.785218   0.220865 -12.6105 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2006                      -2.084188   0.178317 -11.6881 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2007                      -1.537873   0.154608  -9.9469 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2008                      -1.172483   0.189937  -6.1730 1.084e-09 ***      
                time2009                      -0.387966   0.224859  -1.7254 0.0848621 .        
                time2010                      -0.274437   0.201618  -1.3612 0.1738580          
                time2011                      -0.116800   0.147239  -0.7933 0.4278663          
                time2012                       0.116868   0.135092   0.8651 0.3872554          
                time2013                      -0.223509   0.178808  -1.2500 0.2116819          
                time2014                      -0.430761   0.217895  -1.9769 0.0484087 *        
                time2015                       0.078426   0.105416   0.7440 0.4571215          
                time2016                       0.056193   0.096020   0.5852 0.5585678          
                iis4                          -1.213253   0.304638  -3.9826 7.464e-05 ***      
                iis10                         -1.234259   0.304336  -4.0556 5.512e-05 ***      
                iis17                         -1.496039   0.304644  -4.9108 1.109e-06 ***      
                iis41                          1.873925   0.339734   5.5159 4.745e-08 ***      
                iis46                         -1.827001   0.312590  -5.8447 7.498e-09 ***      
                iis47                         -1.438179   0.313416  -4.5887 5.208e-06 ***      
                iis48                         -1.455656   0.312693  -4.6552 3.812e-06 ***      
                iis55                         -1.624249   0.311678  -5.2113 2.412e-07 ***      
                iis59                         -1.716289   0.362690  -4.7321 2.645e-06 ***      
                iis144                        -1.244447   0.312448  -3.9829 7.455e-05 ***      
                iis148                        -1.722568   0.313013  -5.5032 5.086e-08 ***      
                iis150                        -0.796735   0.311969  -2.5539 0.0108447 *        
                iis215                        -1.380284   0.311634  -4.4292 1.083e-05 ***      
                iis216                         1.271216   0.313430   4.0558 5.506e-05 ***      
                iis217                        -1.276178   0.313827  -4.0665 5.265e-05 ***      
                iis218                        -1.491619   0.313289  -4.7612 2.301e-06 ***      
                iis221                        -1.209531   0.301964  -4.0056 6.789e-05 ***      
                iis282                         1.000436   0.303141   3.3002 0.0010106 **       
                iis302                        -0.933679   0.303172  -3.0797 0.0021459 **       
                iis306                        -0.875796   0.303067  -2.8898 0.0039638 **       
                iis311                        -1.040953   0.302792  -3.4378 0.0006179 ***      
                iis326                        -1.405463   0.301672  -4.6589 3.746e-06 ***      
                iis359                         0.801648   0.321976   2.4898 0.0129928 *        
                iis364                        -1.428824   0.302406  -4.7248 2.738e-06 ***      
                iis370                        -1.142772   0.302322  -3.7800 0.0001690 ***      
                iis461                        -1.437686   0.301894  -4.7622 2.289e-06 ***      
                iis482                        -0.904123   0.340274  -2.6570 0.0080466 **       
                iis483                        -1.059623   0.339495  -3.1212 0.0018688 **       
                iis484                        -0.988871   0.339913  -2.9092 0.0037284 **       
                iis488                        -1.423566   0.319330  -4.4580 9.507e-06 ***      
                iis490                        -1.224156   0.317525  -3.8553 0.0001253 ***      
                iis498                        -1.472905   0.328708  -4.4809 8.565e-06 ***      
                iis518                        -0.823257   0.317570  -2.5924 0.0097131 **       
                iis662                         0.780000   0.360487   2.1637 0.0307921 *        
                iis737                         0.626846   0.306063   2.0481 0.0408903 *        
                iis744                         1.603813   0.322105   4.9792 7.890e-07 ***      
                iis746                        -0.684960   0.322043  -2.1269 0.0337450 *        
                iis757                         0.880462   0.312083   2.8212 0.0049073 **       
                iis759                        -1.405348   0.311915  -4.5055 7.651e-06 ***      
                iis763                        -1.218805   0.301562  -4.0416 5.843e-05 ***      
                fesisAlabama.2003              0.985186   0.222516   4.4275 1.092e-05 ***      
                fesisAlabama.2020             -0.786869   0.305526  -2.5755 0.0101968 *        
                fesisArkansas.2005             1.160586   0.199239   5.8251 8.392e-09 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2017            -1.121135   0.312210  -3.5910 0.0003504 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2018             1.128268   0.361973   3.1170 0.0018951 **       
                fesisConnecticut.2009         -0.623134   0.135533  -4.5976 4.995e-06 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014            -1.001681   0.139468  -7.1821 1.624e-12 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012   0.392594   0.144864   2.7101 0.0068766 **       
                fesisHawaii.2009              -0.590368   0.147731  -3.9962 7.056e-05 ***      
                fesisIowa.2002                 0.894321   0.302473   2.9567 0.0032048 **       
                fesisKansas.2020               1.076374   0.303063   3.5516 0.0004062 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2011           -0.833478   0.175367  -4.7528 2.395e-06 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015            0.883772   0.198435   4.4537 9.693e-06 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2007             0.685191   0.339373   2.0190 0.0438352 *        
                fesisNebraska.2008            -0.780235   0.317588  -2.4568 0.0142400 *        
                fesisNebraska.2016             0.875174   0.191442   4.5715 5.643e-06 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012              -0.583470   0.150421  -3.8789 0.0001139 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019               1.003552   0.240051   4.1806 3.242e-05 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004              -0.499833   0.221254  -2.2591 0.0241574 *        
                fesisRhodeIsland.2005         -0.762386   0.168332  -4.5291 6.866e-06 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2019         -0.706919   0.222586  -3.1759 0.0015533 **       
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008        0.747916   0.141439   5.2879 1.614e-07 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008          1.649704   0.216204   7.6303 6.945e-14 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2011         -0.882646   0.199057  -4.4341 1.059e-05 ***      
                fesisVermont.2005              0.767726   0.180945   4.2429 2.476e-05 ***      
                fesisVermont.2013             -0.642603   0.147588  -4.3540 1.518e-05 ***      
                fesisVirginia.2002             1.147265   0.301948   3.7995 0.0001564 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                      Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.00097541  1  0.9751      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.00161584  1  0.9679      
                                                
                SE of regression   0.29040      
                R-squared          0.95696      
                Log-lik.(n=900)  -98.19093      
us_q30

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:17:53 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 720       
                Sample: 1 to 720       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                           9.2476e-02  3.1762e-02   2.9116 0.0037243 **       
                lgdp                         -1.1896e+02  1.7681e+01  -6.7282 3.883e-11 ***      
                lpop                          1.1152e+02  1.3836e+01   8.0601 3.875e-15 ***      
                lgdp_sq                       3.0853e+00  5.9405e-01   5.1936 2.794e-07 ***      
                avg_temp                      3.9959e-01  1.0329e-01   3.8688 0.0001208 ***      
                idCalifornia                  2.1013e+00  1.0891e-01  19.2941 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                    3.2558e-01  8.1477e-02   3.9960 7.209e-05 ***      
                idConnecticut                 9.2608e-01  1.1243e-01   8.2368 1.035e-15 ***      
                idDelaware                   -1.3875e-01  9.1528e-02  -1.5159 0.1300406          
                idDistrictofColumbia         -1.5217e+00  1.3717e-01 -11.0940 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idFlorida                     4.1157e-01  8.1870e-02   5.0271 6.510e-07 ***      
                idGeorgia                    -2.3110e-01  8.1150e-02  -2.8478 0.0045474 **       
                idIdaho                      -1.4355e+00  9.7450e-02 -14.7302 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIllinois                    4.2514e-01  8.2106e-02   5.1780 3.027e-07 ***      
                idIndiana                    -6.5097e-01  8.4247e-02  -7.7269 4.398e-14 ***      
                idIowa                       -2.1186e+00  1.9715e-01 -10.7462 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idKentucky                   -1.5371e+00  1.0155e-01 -15.1362 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMaryland                   -3.3800e-01  8.1870e-02  -4.1285 4.147e-05 ***      
                idMassachusetts               1.0504e+00  8.8641e-02  11.8506 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                    6.1929e-01  8.3659e-02   7.4025 4.328e-13 ***      
                idMinnesota                   2.2394e-01  8.1218e-02   2.7572 0.0059997 **       
                idMissouri                   -8.9075e-01  8.9125e-02  -9.9944 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNevada                     -7.6424e-01  9.9569e-02  -7.6754 6.355e-14 ***      
                idNewHampshire               -7.3856e-01  8.5997e-02  -8.5882 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey                   3.0886e-01  8.1498e-02   3.7898 0.0001654 ***      
                idNewMexico                  -4.9946e-01  1.0904e-01  -4.5804 5.602e-06 ***      
                idNewYork                     1.2557e+00  9.2112e-02  13.6326 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina               3.1875e-01  8.1496e-02   3.9112 0.0001019 ***      
                idOhio                        6.2398e-01  8.3914e-02   7.4360 3.431e-13 ***      
                idOklahoma                   -1.1574e+00  9.1301e-02 -12.6769 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOregon                      1.7543e-01  1.9291e-01   0.9094 0.3634819          
                idPennsylvania                6.8250e-01  8.4313e-02   8.0949 2.994e-15 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                -5.3893e-01  1.6252e-01  -3.3161 0.0009657 ***      
                idSouthCarolina               9.0281e-02  2.6652e-01   0.3387 0.7349220          
                idTennessee                  -7.9728e-01  8.7806e-02  -9.0800 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                       8.2050e-01  8.5634e-02   9.5816 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                       -8.4785e-01  8.9589e-02  -9.4638 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idVirginia                    4.4453e-03  8.1950e-02   0.0542 0.9567579          
                idWashington                  2.1882e-01  8.1097e-02   2.6983 0.0071584 **       
                idWisconsin                  -1.3499e-01  9.1520e-02  -1.4750 0.1407251          
                time2001                      1.7669e+01  3.1786e+00   5.5588 4.024e-08 ***      
                time2002                      1.6713e+01  2.9678e+00   5.6317 2.697e-08 ***      
                time2003                      1.6648e+01  2.7865e+00   5.9745 3.873e-09 ***      
                time2004                      1.6293e+01  2.7148e+00   6.0015 3.310e-09 ***      
                time2005                      1.5589e+01  2.4020e+00   6.4898 1.749e-10 ***      
                time2006                      1.4031e+01  2.0863e+00   6.7253 3.956e-11 ***      
                time2007                      1.2748e+01  1.8128e+00   7.0322 5.339e-12 ***      
                time2008                      1.0883e+01  1.6415e+00   6.6299 7.264e-11 ***      
                time2009                      6.1533e+00  1.2117e+00   5.0784 5.029e-07 ***      
                time2010                      5.7445e+00  1.1760e+00   4.8846 1.318e-06 ***      
                time2011                      5.5280e+00  1.1072e+00   4.9926 7.735e-07 ***      
                time2012                      4.1773e+00  8.0542e-01   5.1865 2.898e-07 ***      
                time2013                      3.8121e+00  8.3521e-01   4.5642 6.037e-06 ***      
                time2014                      1.6734e+00  4.8902e-01   3.4219 0.0006624 ***      
                time2015                      1.0880e+00  3.8372e-01   2.8355 0.0047239 **       
                time2016                      2.5662e-01  2.0672e-01   1.2414 0.2149091          
                iis104                       -1.4023e+00  2.8049e-01  -4.9993 7.480e-07 ***      
                iis108                       -1.0668e+00  3.2299e-01  -3.3029 0.0010114 **       
                iis161                       -1.1841e+00  2.6678e-01  -4.4386 1.070e-05 ***      
                iis222                        1.6233e+00  3.1973e-01   5.0772 5.059e-07 ***      
                iis241                       -1.0421e+00  2.6730e-01  -3.8985 0.0001073 ***      
                iis246                       -1.4944e+00  2.6652e-01  -5.6072 3.087e-08 ***      
                iis341                       -1.4278e+00  2.6668e-01  -5.3539 1.210e-07 ***      
                iis373                       -5.8698e-01  2.8989e-01  -2.0249 0.0433041 *        
                iis374                       -5.8662e-01  2.9036e-01  -2.0203 0.0437746 *        
                iis378                       -1.8368e+00  3.1782e-01  -5.7795 1.182e-08 ***      
                iis389                       -7.7915e-01  2.6612e-01  -2.9278 0.0035376 **       
                iis522                        7.7164e-01  3.1835e-01   2.4239 0.0156368 *        
                iis566                        7.1272e-01  2.6774e-01   2.6620 0.0079672 **       
                iis597                        6.4387e-01  2.6996e-01   2.3850 0.0173748 *        
                iis603                       -1.1953e+00  2.6620e-01  -4.4903 8.468e-06 ***      
                iis656                       -8.1512e-01  2.6650e-01  -3.0586 0.0023188 **       
                iis659                       -1.0578e+00  2.6653e-01  -3.9687 8.065e-05 ***      
                iis661                       -1.1235e+00  2.6676e-01  -4.2117 2.907e-05 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009        -5.7812e-01  1.2022e-01  -4.8091 1.901e-06 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014           -7.7432e-01  1.3016e-01  -5.9489 4.492e-09 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2020           -1.0898e+00  2.8009e-01  -3.8910 0.0001105 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -8.5926e-01  2.1443e-01  -4.0072 6.884e-05 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2011  1.0727e+00  2.3937e-01   4.4812 8.827e-06 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2014 -7.4222e-01  3.0044e-01  -2.4704 0.0137601 *        
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2015  1.1139e+00  3.1793e-01   3.5037 0.0004915 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2017 -1.0802e+00  3.1840e-01  -3.3925 0.0007363 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2018  8.7675e-01  2.9980e-01   2.9245 0.0035753 **       
                fesisIowa.2004                1.2521e+00  3.1833e-01   3.9333 9.317e-05 ***      
                fesisIowa.2005               -6.6639e-01  2.6751e-01  -2.4911 0.0129927 *        
                fesisNevada.2012             -3.2510e-01  1.5260e-01  -2.1305 0.0335201 *        
                fesisNevada.2018              8.0673e-01  2.2469e-01   3.5904 0.0003561 ***      
                fesisNewMexico.2009          -6.3415e-01  1.7613e-01  -3.6004 0.0003429 ***      
                fesisNewMexico.2012           5.1441e-01  1.7301e-01   2.9733 0.0030592 **       
                fesisOregon.2004             -4.6493e-01  1.9612e-01  -2.3706 0.0180622 *        
                fesisRhodeIsland.2004        -9.3370e-01  1.6459e-01  -5.6728 2.148e-08 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2002      -7.1890e-01  2.8058e-01  -2.5622 0.0106335 *        
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008       8.1175e-01  1.3204e-01   6.1480 1.398e-09 ***      
                fesisWisconsin.2014           4.1392e-01  1.2230e-01   3.3844 0.0007578 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                     Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   1.9048795  1  0.1675      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.0030449  1  0.9560      
                                              
                SE of regression 0.25559      
                R-squared        0.95328      
                Log-lik.(n=720)  7.58467      

Log Patent Count

0.01

us_all

                Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_all (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:02:04 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 1020       
                Sample: 1 to 1020       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                            0.0340103   0.0292850   1.1614 0.2458010          
                lgdp                          43.7263263   3.0635825  14.2729 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lpop                         -34.6166241   1.8818116 -18.3954 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp_sq                       -1.5677954   0.1825802  -8.5869 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                avg_temp                      -0.0751846   0.0745140  -1.0090 0.3132418          
                idAlaska                      -0.5180913   0.1441149  -3.5950 0.0003418 ***      
                idArizona                      1.6678845   0.1086957  15.3445 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                     0.7656132   0.3161752   2.4215 0.0156513 *        
                idCalifornia                   3.8523607   0.1508034  25.5456 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                     1.9961434   0.1131794  17.6370 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                  2.6023154   0.1498965  17.3608 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                     1.5350347   0.1179889  13.0100 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia           0.2349892   0.1429508   1.6438 0.1005521          
                idFlorida                      2.0823362   0.1144555  18.1934 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idGeorgia                      1.4373713   0.1059295  13.5691 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idHawaii                       0.3487364   0.1283772   2.7165 0.0067224 **       
                idIdaho                        0.2628188   0.0967373   2.7168 0.0067157 **       
                idIllinois                     2.0965592   0.1151018  18.2148 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIndiana                      1.0225522   0.1009613  10.1282 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIowa                         0.2504755   0.0966991   2.5903 0.0097433 **       
                idKansas                       0.0221685   0.0965109   0.2297 0.8183767          
                idKentucky                     0.1779708   0.0978497   1.8188 0.0692667 .        
                idLouisiana                    0.1248774   0.0965517   1.2934 0.1962092          
                idMaine                        0.1370113   0.0965157   1.4196 0.1560725          
                idMaryland                     1.3247738   0.1039667  12.7423 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMassachusetts                2.7456516   0.1269424  21.6291 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                     2.3006979   0.1187293  19.3777 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota                    1.8942056   0.1120803  16.9004 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMississippi                  0.4695245   0.1905292   2.4643 0.0139107 *        
                idMissouri                     0.7867603   0.0999601   7.8707 9.956e-15 ***      
                idMontana                     -0.4235795   0.0974812  -4.3452 1.547e-05 ***      
                idNebraska                    -0.4476276   0.1201317  -3.7261 0.0002064 ***      
                idNevada                       0.9204212   0.1183915   7.7744 2.040e-14 ***      
                idNewHampshire                 0.9067645   0.1004430   9.0277 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey                    1.9782158   0.1132114  17.4736 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewMexico                    1.0264644   0.1011903  10.1439 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewYork                      2.9616957   0.1316362  22.4991 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                1.9879208   0.1132110  17.5594 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthDakota                 -0.5278500   0.1000470  -5.2760 1.650e-07 ***      
                idOhio                         2.3052030   0.1192060  19.3380 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOklahoma                     0.5502913   0.0976222   5.6369 2.307e-08 ***      
                idOregon                       1.4236463   0.1072424  13.2750 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                 2.3660500   0.1199959  19.7178 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                  1.1345451   0.1923538   5.8982 5.171e-09 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                1.1438466   0.1390617   8.2255 6.654e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota                 -0.5409167   0.1358824  -3.9808 7.415e-05 ***      
                idTennessee                    0.8876437   0.1006149   8.8222 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                        2.5064488   0.1223233  20.4904 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                         0.7645975   0.0990958   7.7157 3.146e-14 ***      
                idVermont                     -0.0054305   0.0965073  -0.0563 0.9551389          
                idVirginia                     1.6673294   0.1090390  15.2911 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWashington                   1.8852291   0.1114953  16.9086 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWestVirginia                -0.5391754   0.0980373  -5.4997 4.940e-08 ***      
                idWisconsin                    1.6728844   0.1082008  15.4609 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWyoming                     -0.2520479   0.1027182  -2.4538 0.0143222 *        
                time2001                      -2.3509494   0.4778964  -4.9194 1.030e-06 ***      
                time2002                      -2.2738431   0.4427120  -5.1362 3.428e-07 ***      
                time2003                      -2.2273932   0.3847175  -5.7897 9.693e-09 ***      
                time2004                      -2.3457877   0.2740976  -8.5582 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2005                      -2.0881419   0.2106976  -9.9106 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2006                      -1.5246372   0.1692602  -9.0077 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2007                      -1.0668421   0.1468762  -7.2635 8.078e-13 ***      
                time2008                      -0.7417974   0.1817142  -4.0822 4.852e-05 ***      
                time2009                      -0.0889422   0.2145442  -0.4146 0.6785589          
                time2010                      -0.0536982   0.1926270  -0.2788 0.7804861          
                time2011                       0.0484313   0.1401105   0.3457 0.7296743          
                time2012                       0.1694147   0.1274143   1.3296 0.1839701          
                time2013                      -0.0517685   0.1716581  -0.3016 0.7630417          
                time2014                      -0.2013221   0.2091030  -0.9628 0.3359082          
                time2015                       0.1101253   0.1002264   1.0988 0.2721600          
                time2016                       0.0468470   0.0911468   0.5140 0.6073954          
                iis75                         -1.1018357   0.3233891  -3.4072 0.0006851 ***      
                iis79                         -1.1945972   0.3239976  -3.6871 0.0002402 ***      
                iis164                        -1.0034540   0.3330403  -3.0130 0.0026581 **       
                iis235                        -0.9994070   0.3270031  -3.0563 0.0023064 **       
                iis236                         1.0796831   0.3280770   3.2909 0.0010368 **       
                iis237                        -0.8910575   0.3284684  -2.7128 0.0067980 **       
                iis238                        -1.0805123   0.3278157  -3.2961 0.0010182 **       
                iis346                        -1.0882917   0.3163121  -3.4406 0.0006068 ***      
                iis501                        -1.0199667   0.3164537  -3.2231 0.0013130 **       
                iis548                        -0.8616768   0.3246750  -2.6540 0.0080935 **       
                iis687                        -0.9487554   0.3173544  -2.9896 0.0028686 **       
                iis742                         1.1691074   0.3163359   3.6958 0.0002323 ***      
                iis829                         0.8692623   0.3219698   2.6998 0.0070659 **       
                iis839                        -1.2304399   0.3221306  -3.8197 0.0001427 ***      
                iis843                        -0.9689278   0.3163398  -3.0629 0.0022561 **       
                iis921                        -0.9847208   0.3165578  -3.1107 0.0019243 **       
                fesisAlaska.2007              -0.9936783   0.1732300  -5.7362 1.316e-08 ***      
                fesisAlaska.2014               0.6697021   0.1651291   4.0556 5.427e-05 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2002            -1.1838989   0.3447750  -3.4338 0.0006219 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2006            -0.7004627   0.2356400  -2.9726 0.0030305 **       
                fesisArkansas.2009             1.1341634   0.2032342   5.5806 3.160e-08 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009         -0.5741430   0.1417775  -4.0496 5.566e-05 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014            -0.8734564   0.1459138  -5.9861 3.086e-09 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008  -0.8314279   0.1995239  -4.1671 3.379e-05 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012   1.0482009   0.1871571   5.6006 2.826e-08 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2009              -0.4996759   0.1547244  -3.2295 0.0012845 **       
                fesisMississippi.2004         -1.3722089   0.1961342  -6.9963 5.083e-12 ***      
                fesisMississippi.2020          1.3141438   0.3178669   4.1343 3.889e-05 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2012             0.5777925   0.1430648   4.0387 5.827e-05 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012              -0.5760822   0.1498992  -3.8431 0.0001299 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019               0.9001138   0.2472292   3.6408 0.0002871 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2004         -0.8194007   0.1938512  -4.2270 2.607e-05 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008        0.7655921   0.1464035   5.2293 2.110e-07 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008          0.6115876   0.1502517   4.0704 5.099e-05 ***      
                fesisWyoming.2017             -0.7676446   0.1953669  -3.9292 9.164e-05 ***      
                fesisWyoming.2020              1.5977885   0.3561357   4.4865 8.165e-06 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                     Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.4264963  1  0.5137      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.0013378  1  0.9708      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.30518      
                R-squared           0.94634      
                Log-lik.(n=1020) -183.21348      
us_q20

                Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q20 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:07:10 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 900       
                Sample: 1 to 900       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                            0.0475213   0.0302561   1.5706 0.1166631          
                lgdp                          48.5110180   3.0230728  16.0469 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lpop                         -38.1699964   1.8475179 -20.6601 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp_sq                       -1.7571000   0.1807835  -9.7194 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                avg_temp                      -0.0753638   0.0738704  -1.0202 0.3079347          
                idArizona                      1.6448094   0.1035220  15.8885 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                    -0.4067450   0.1570680  -2.5896 0.0097836 **       
                idCalifornia                   3.7988976   0.1496006  25.3936 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                     1.9688631   0.1085297  18.1412 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                  2.5772926   0.1440698  17.8892 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                     1.5144963   0.1116981  13.5588 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia           0.0402563   0.1147927   0.3507 0.7259160          
                idFlorida                      2.0539454   0.1099488  18.6809 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idGeorgia                      1.4172196   0.1004146  14.1137 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idHawaii                       0.3576058   0.1194607   2.9935 0.0028431 **       
                idIdaho                        0.2597285   0.0899697   2.8868 0.0039963 **       
                idIllinois                     2.0676175   0.1106667  18.6833 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIndiana                      1.0088664   0.0947941  10.6427 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIowa                         0.2013557   0.0911895   2.2081 0.0275208 *        
                idKansas                      -0.0301357   0.0909069  -0.3315 0.7403532          
                idKentucky                     0.1747304   0.0909706   1.9207 0.0551212 .        
                idLouisiana                    0.2138756   0.1106059   1.9337 0.0535068 .        
                idMaine                        0.2348371   0.0922292   2.5462 0.0110761 *        
                idMaryland                     1.3069302   0.0982004  13.3088 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMassachusetts                2.7076036   0.1237185  21.8852 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                     2.2687891   0.1146845  19.7829 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota                    1.8679090   0.1073052  17.4074 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMissouri                     0.7765156   0.0933737   8.3162 3.904e-16 ***      
                idNebraska                    -0.3527147   0.1160362  -3.0397 0.0024455 **       
                idNevada                       0.9142407   0.1109694   8.2387 7.110e-16 ***      
                idNewHampshire                 0.8939162   0.0942044   9.4891 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey                    1.9509073   0.1085653  17.9699 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewMexico                    1.0124233   0.0950543  10.6510 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewYork                      2.9203920   0.1288480  22.6654 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                1.9606126   0.1085649  18.0594 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOhio                         2.2729181   0.1152111  19.7283 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOklahoma                     0.5434973   0.0909842   5.9735 3.495e-09 ***      
                idOregon                       2.0843596   0.1872539  11.1312 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                 2.3331482   0.1160831  20.0990 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                  1.1425012   0.1795069   6.3647 3.298e-10 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                1.1398161   0.1304322   8.7388 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota                 -0.6202138   0.1788175  -3.4684 0.0005516 ***      
                idTennessee                    0.8747237   0.0941279   9.2929 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                        2.4717706   0.1186477  20.8329 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                         0.7542119   0.0926690   8.1388 1.529e-15 ***      
                idVermont                     -0.0051318   0.0897056  -0.0572 0.9543943          
                idVirginia                     1.6443837   0.1036388  15.8665 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWashington                   1.8594672   0.1066527  17.4348 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWisconsin                    1.6503098   0.1029671  16.0275 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2001                      -2.6445561   0.4741520  -5.5774 3.342e-08 ***      
                time2002                      -2.5604321   0.4390568  -5.8317 7.968e-09 ***      
                time2003                      -2.5332751   0.3816653  -6.6374 5.893e-11 ***      
                time2004                      -2.6228367   0.2719489  -9.6446 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2005                      -2.2910328   0.2087039 -10.9774 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2006                      -1.7572425   0.1674246 -10.4957 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2007                      -1.2484564   0.1452354  -8.5961 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2008                      -0.8813609   0.1803859  -4.8860 1.244e-06 ***      
                time2009                      -0.1977717   0.2128164  -0.9293 0.3530112          
                time2010                      -0.1282581   0.1914007  -0.6701 0.5029863          
                time2011                      -0.0246581   0.1389321  -0.1775 0.8591742          
                time2012                       0.1325784   0.1262667   1.0500 0.2940421          
                time2013                      -0.0692509   0.1702524  -0.4068 0.6842974          
                time2014                      -0.2330633   0.2074596  -1.1234 0.2615990          
                time2015                       0.0597109   0.0990529   0.6028 0.5468008          
                time2016                       0.0482457   0.0902328   0.5347 0.5930202          
                iis41                          1.1932117   0.3209614   3.7176 0.0002152 ***      
                iis59                         -1.1039323   0.3004388  -3.6744 0.0002543 ***      
                iis144                        -0.7967289   0.3030863  -2.6287 0.0087355 **       
                iis148                        -1.2861321   0.3036212  -4.2360 2.541e-05 ***      
                iis215                        -0.9833785   0.3043165  -3.2314 0.0012822 **       
                iis216                         1.0625424   0.3055891   3.4770 0.0005344 ***      
                iis217                        -0.9272905   0.3060494  -3.0299 0.0025255 **       
                iis218                        -1.0833915   0.3053167  -3.5484 0.0004102 ***      
                iis282                         0.9259071   0.2950072   3.1386 0.0017601 **       
                iis326                        -1.0528366   0.2944526  -3.5756 0.0003705 ***      
                iis364                        -1.0158247   0.2950716  -3.4426 0.0006061 ***      
                iis370                        -0.9538403   0.2950596  -3.2327 0.0012766 **       
                iis461                        -1.0060732   0.2946168  -3.4149 0.0006704 ***      
                iis488                        -0.9580474   0.3041607  -3.1498 0.0016947 **       
                iis490                        -0.7898854   0.3025532  -2.6107 0.0092044 **       
                iis759                        -1.1466092   0.3025986  -3.7892 0.0001625 ***      
                iis763                        -0.9278744   0.2944721  -3.1510 0.0016880 **       
                iis841                        -0.9670714   0.2947055  -3.2815 0.0010775 **       
                fesisArkansas.2006            -0.6870351   0.2194001  -3.1314 0.0018030 **       
                fesisArkansas.2009             1.0067828   0.1872653   5.3762 9.994e-08 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009         -0.5849295   0.1323329  -4.4201 1.123e-05 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014            -0.8656810   0.1362261  -6.3547 3.507e-10 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012   0.3976802   0.1370864   2.9009 0.0038227 **       
                fesisHawaii.2009              -0.5083908   0.1442381  -3.5247 0.0004482 ***      
                fesisKansas.2020               1.0558511   0.2944624   3.5857 0.0003566 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2011           -0.6989749   0.1711972  -4.0829 4.897e-05 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015            0.8636856   0.1864158   4.6331 4.205e-06 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2012             0.4745377   0.1367828   3.4693 0.0005498 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012              -0.5976475   0.1398569  -4.2733 2.159e-05 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019               0.9585259   0.2301132   4.1655 3.446e-05 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004              -0.7324707   0.1807685  -4.0520 5.575e-05 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2004         -0.8361239   0.1806917  -4.6274 4.321e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008        0.7374334   0.1365268   5.4014 8.733e-08 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2004          1.2399725   0.3315711   3.7397 0.0001974 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2005         -1.4223097   0.3314424  -4.2913 1.995e-05 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008          1.4017284   0.2347874   5.9702 3.564e-09 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2011         -0.6163723   0.1914461  -3.2196 0.0013358 **       
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.57139  1  0.4497      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.13397  1  0.7143      
                                                
                SE of regression   0.28367      
                R-squared          0.94607      
                Log-lik.(n=900)  -92.08317      
us_q30

                Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:06:16 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 720       
                Sample: 1 to 720       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                           7.9618e-02  3.4448e-02   2.3112 0.0211325 *        
                lgdp                         -1.0079e+02  1.7176e+01  -5.8681 7.033e-09 ***      
                lpop                          9.5463e+01  1.3449e+01   7.0984 3.325e-12 ***      
                lgdp_sq                       2.5663e+00  5.7658e-01   4.4508 1.007e-05 ***      
                avg_temp                      3.2198e-01  1.0059e-01   3.2009 0.0014369 **       
                idCalifornia                  2.0819e+00  1.1134e-01  18.6979 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                    3.1406e-01  8.0681e-02   3.8927 0.0001094 ***      
                idConnecticut                 9.0160e-01  1.1148e-01   8.0873 3.005e-15 ***      
                idDelaware                   -1.2823e-01  9.0538e-02  -1.4163 0.1571633          
                idDistrictofColumbia         -1.3375e+00  1.3320e-01 -10.0415 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idFlorida                     3.9651e-01  8.1106e-02   4.8888 1.281e-06 ***      
                idGeorgia                    -2.2064e-01  8.0312e-02  -2.7474 0.0061749 **       
                idIdaho                      -1.3376e+00  9.4820e-02 -14.1068 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIllinois                    4.0887e-01  8.1352e-02   5.0259 6.489e-07 ***      
                idIndiana                    -6.1364e-01  8.3472e-02  -7.3514 5.935e-13 ***      
                idIowa                       -1.3929e+00  9.5609e-02 -14.5692 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idKentucky                   -1.4162e+00  9.7906e-02 -14.4647 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMaryland                   -3.2545e-01  8.1070e-02  -4.0145 6.655e-05 ***      
                idMassachusetts               1.0272e+00  8.8611e-02  11.5926 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                    6.0299e-01  8.3077e-02   7.2583 1.126e-12 ***      
                idMinnesota                   2.1545e-01  8.0386e-02   2.6802 0.0075460 **       
                idMissouri                   -8.3723e-01  8.8103e-02  -9.5029 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNevada                     -7.1034e-01  9.8573e-02  -7.2063 1.605e-12 ***      
                idNewHampshire               -7.2660e-01  8.4109e-02  -8.6388 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey                   2.9604e-01  8.0690e-02   3.6689 0.0002637 ***      
                idNewMexico                  -6.1093e-01  8.3216e-02  -7.3414 6.361e-13 ***      
                idNewYork                     1.2323e+00  9.2491e-02  13.3233 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina               3.0575e-01  8.0690e-02   3.7891 0.0001653 ***      
                idOhio                        6.0623e-01  8.3342e-02   7.2740 1.011e-12 ***      
                idOklahoma                   -1.0626e+00  9.0098e-02 -11.7942 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOregon                      4.2341e-01  1.5870e-01   2.6680 0.0078203 **       
                idPennsylvania                6.6499e-01  8.3798e-02   7.9356 9.233e-15 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                -4.8425e-01  1.6066e-01  -3.0141 0.0026778 **       
                idSouthCarolina              -4.8920e-01  1.1333e-01  -4.3168 1.831e-05 ***      
                idTennessee                  -7.4228e-01  8.6738e-02  -8.5577 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                       7.9940e-01  8.5262e-02   9.3757 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                       -8.1752e-01  8.7345e-02  -9.3596 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idVirginia                    4.6238e-04  8.1071e-02   0.0057 0.9954511          
                idWashington                  2.0827e-01  8.0258e-02   2.5951 0.0096713 **       
                idWisconsin                   6.6893e-03  7.9975e-02   0.0836 0.9333672          
                time2001                      1.4695e+01  3.0854e+00   4.7628 2.358e-06 ***      
                time2002                      1.3967e+01  2.8808e+00   4.8482 1.562e-06 ***      
                time2003                      1.3945e+01  2.7052e+00   5.1550 3.372e-07 ***      
                time2004                      1.3688e+01  2.6362e+00   5.1925 2.782e-07 ***      
                time2005                      1.3154e+01  2.3328e+00   5.6386 2.560e-08 ***      
                time2006                      1.1887e+01  2.0264e+00   5.8659 7.126e-09 ***      
                time2007                      1.0819e+01  1.7609e+00   6.1439 1.406e-09 ***      
                time2008                      9.1971e+00  1.5944e+00   5.7683 1.240e-08 ***      
                time2009                      5.0850e+00  1.1755e+00   4.3258 1.760e-05 ***      
                time2010                      4.7539e+00  1.1411e+00   4.1660 3.520e-05 ***      
                time2011                      4.5726e+00  1.0745e+00   4.2555 2.394e-05 ***      
                time2012                      3.4857e+00  7.8128e-01   4.4615 9.596e-06 ***      
                time2013                      3.1297e+00  8.1044e-01   3.8617 0.0001239 ***      
                time2014                      1.3214e+00  4.7369e-01   2.7895 0.0054340 **       
                time2015                      8.6641e-01  3.7191e-01   2.3296 0.0201338 *        
                time2016                      1.6106e-01  2.0005e-01   0.8051 0.4210788          
                iis104                       -1.0486e+00  2.7729e-01  -3.7816 0.0001702 ***      
                iis222                        8.7788e-01  2.6386e-01   3.3271 0.0009271 ***      
                iis246                       -1.1043e+00  2.6319e-01  -4.1960 3.096e-05 ***      
                iis341                       -9.8468e-01  2.6336e-01  -3.7390 0.0002011 ***      
                iis603                       -9.0402e-01  2.6327e-01  -3.4338 0.0006331 ***      
                iis659                       -8.5872e-01  2.6324e-01  -3.2621 0.0011639 **       
                iis661                       -9.3675e-01  2.6347e-01  -3.5554 0.0004049 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009        -5.6679e-01  1.1880e-01  -4.7711 2.265e-06 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014           -8.3594e-01  1.2256e-01  -6.8209 2.078e-11 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -1.0230e+00  1.8197e-01  -5.6216 2.814e-08 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2011  1.1551e+00  1.7072e-01   6.7662 2.961e-11 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012             -5.7815e-01  1.2539e-01  -4.6107 4.835e-06 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019              9.7808e-01  2.0568e-01   4.7554 2.443e-06 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004             -7.0584e-01  1.6206e-01  -4.3554 1.543e-05 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2004        -8.1037e-01  1.6195e-01  -5.0039 7.246e-07 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008       7.1584e-01  1.2292e-01   5.8235 9.076e-09 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                     Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.7187008  1  0.3966      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.0059898  1  0.9383      
                                              
                SE of regression 0.25287      
                R-squared        0.94355      
                Log-lik.(n=720)  4.27189      

0.05

us_all

                Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_all (2000:2020); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:01:39 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 1020       
                Sample: 1 to 1020       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                            0.0142064   0.0275714   0.5153 0.6065031          
                lgdp                          45.4762662   2.8330892  16.0518 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lpop                         -34.8991182   1.7332293 -20.1353 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp_sq                       -1.6765453   0.1689815  -9.9215 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                avg_temp                      -0.1171333   0.0680490  -1.7213 0.0855488 .        
                idAlaska                      -0.6360663   0.1406455  -4.5225 6.956e-06 ***      
                idArizona                      1.6926609   0.1027904  16.4671 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                     0.7319626   0.2828212   2.5881 0.0098118 **       
                idCalifornia                   3.9216787   0.1425169  27.5173 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                     2.0270836   0.1070324  18.9390 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                  2.6561453   0.1391969  19.0819 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                     1.5572386   0.1102846  14.1202 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia           0.2371182   0.1305958   1.8157 0.0697647 .        
                idFlorida                      2.1149043   0.1082385  19.5393 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idGeorgia                      1.4578627   0.1001693  14.5540 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idHawaii                       0.3528882   0.1180609   2.9890 0.0028771 **       
                idIdaho                       -0.5205351   0.2824725  -1.8428 0.0656998 .        
                idIllinois                     2.1299347   0.1088493  19.5677 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIndiana                      1.0335661   0.0954468  10.8287 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIowa                        -0.3374395   0.2824575  -1.1947 0.2325461          
                idKansas                       0.0071362   0.0933441   0.0765 0.9390784          
                idKentucky                     0.1700069   0.0922854   1.8422 0.0657870 .        
                idLouisiana                    0.2141295   0.1098983   1.9484 0.0516832 .        
                idMaine                        0.2266892   0.0934303   2.4263 0.0154556 *        
                idMaryland                     1.3418822   0.0983065  13.6500 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMassachusetts                2.7923749   0.1200267  23.2646 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                     2.3384225   0.1122758  20.8275 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota                    1.9237041   0.1059931  18.1493 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMississippi                  0.4714723   0.1721045   2.7395 0.0062796 **       
                idMissouri                     0.7924166   0.0943493   8.3988 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMontana                     -0.4101271   0.0931977  -4.4006 1.213e-05 ***      
                idNebraska                    -0.3197774   0.1191021  -2.6849 0.0073927 **       
                idNevada                       0.9370904   0.1099992   8.5191 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewHampshire                 0.9165509   0.0949521   9.6528 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey                    2.0091974   0.1070626  18.7666 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewMexico                    1.0379993   0.0956652  10.8503 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewYork                      3.0131910   0.1244533  24.2114 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                2.0189019   0.1070623  18.8573 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthDakota                 -0.5933094   0.1406959  -4.2170 2.734e-05 ***      
                idOhio                         2.3434788   0.1127260  20.7892 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOklahoma                     0.5512035   0.0922432   5.9755 3.337e-09 ***      
                idOregon                       1.8756612   0.2142395   8.7550 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                 2.4052302   0.1134717  21.1967 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                  1.1527243   0.1740107   6.6244 6.090e-11 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                1.1707384   0.1279074   9.1530 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota                 -0.7389781   0.1314938  -5.6199 2.571e-08 ***      
                idTennessee                    0.8937178   0.0949772   9.4098 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                        2.5482327   0.1156686  22.0305 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                         0.7707740   0.0936632   8.2292 6.820e-16 ***      
                idVermont                     -0.0280691   0.1134343  -0.2474 0.8046200          
                idVirginia                     1.6916023   0.1029898  16.4249 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWashington                   1.9139437   0.1054398  18.1520 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWestVirginia                -0.3913969   0.1043218  -3.7518 0.0001871 ***      
                idWisconsin                    1.6969272   0.1023218  16.5842 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWyoming                     -0.2667085   0.0961038  -2.7752 0.0056345 **       
                time2001                      -2.6685160   0.4403128  -6.0605 2.017e-09 ***      
                time2002                      -2.5829034   0.4085195  -6.3226 4.100e-10 ***      
                time2003                      -2.5377536   0.3537105  -7.1747 1.548e-12 ***      
                time2004                      -2.5676566   0.2523099 -10.1766 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2005                      -2.2597329   0.1934234 -11.6828 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2006                      -1.6534965   0.1563605 -10.5749 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2007                      -1.1657045   0.1356445  -8.5938 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2008                      -0.8881006   0.1655882  -5.3633 1.047e-07 ***      
                time2009                      -0.2836173   0.1957586  -1.4488 0.1477493          
                time2010                      -0.2149167   0.1754113  -1.2252 0.2208245          
                time2011                      -0.0243147   0.1286032  -0.1891 0.8500836          
                time2012                       0.1381183   0.1178826   1.1717 0.2416535          
                time2013                      -0.1365243   0.1560648  -0.8748 0.3819275          
                time2014                      -0.3575761   0.1898236  -1.8837 0.0599339 .        
                time2015                       0.0639017   0.0918337   0.6958 0.4867135          
                time2016                       0.0440108   0.0837785   0.5253 0.5994917          
                iis19                          0.8429755   0.3358763   2.5098 0.0122606 *        
                iis23                          0.6547980   0.3004510   2.1794 0.0295698 *        
                iis66                         -1.3545132   0.2898907  -4.6725 3.445e-06 ***      
                iis67                         -1.1056380   0.2900202  -3.8123 0.0001474 ***      
                iis68                         -1.1241548   0.2894683  -3.8835 0.0001107 ***      
                iis75                         -1.1705698   0.2890080  -4.0503 5.570e-05 ***      
                iis77                         -0.7611034   0.2894520  -2.6295 0.0087024 **       
                iis79                         -1.2093311   0.2897269  -4.1740 3.292e-05 ***      
                iis164                        -0.9945085   0.2962174  -3.3574 0.0008209 ***      
                iis168                        -0.8367098   0.3187966  -2.6246 0.0088270 **       
                iis235                        -1.0009331   0.2907491  -3.4426 0.0006035 ***      
                iis236                         1.0602884   0.2918464   3.6330 0.0002965 ***      
                iis237                        -0.8746018   0.2924569  -2.9905 0.0028631 **       
                iis238                        -1.1070224   0.2917033  -3.7950 0.0001578 ***      
                iis331                        -0.8221422   0.2816705  -2.9188 0.0036040 **       
                iis346                        -1.0669132   0.2813273  -3.7924 0.0001595 ***      
                iis379                         0.6860894   0.3003414   2.2844 0.0225893 *        
                iis384                        -1.0256127   0.2818531  -3.6388 0.0002900 ***      
                iis390                        -0.9295938   0.2818830  -3.2978 0.0010138 **       
                iis493                        -0.5739980   0.2889381  -1.9866 0.0472815 *        
                iis501                        -1.0340557   0.2815395  -3.6729 0.0002544 ***      
                iis532                        -0.6360743   0.2820027  -2.2556 0.0243450 *        
                iis543                        -0.5792785   0.2908451  -1.9917 0.0467143 *        
                iis548                        -0.9970587   0.2921446  -3.4129 0.0006723 ***      
                iis550                        -0.8392576   0.2908544  -2.8855 0.0040043 **       
                iis578                        -0.6215469   0.2962834  -2.0978 0.0362087 *        
                iis687                        -0.8675048   0.2875018  -3.0174 0.0026236 **       
                iis691                        -0.7893330   0.2863381  -2.7566 0.0059615 **       
                iis742                         0.7632657   0.3362041   2.2702 0.0234357 *        
                iis817                         0.6745806   0.2865013   2.3545 0.0187659 *        
                iis818                         0.6399595   0.2869796   2.2300 0.0260022 *        
                iis824                         1.3312169   0.2961178   4.4956 7.874e-06 ***      
                iis829                         1.0748760   0.2960428   3.6308 0.0002990 ***      
                iis830                         0.8802536   0.2972176   2.9616 0.0031429 **       
                iis834                         0.6149207   0.2960124   2.0773 0.0380613 *        
                iis837                         0.7400137   0.2964074   2.4966 0.0127220 *        
                iis843                        -0.9527531   0.2813988  -3.3858 0.0007415 ***      
                iis921                        -1.0043151   0.2816251  -3.5661 0.0003820 ***      
                iis973                        -0.6451421   0.2939433  -2.1948 0.0284418 *        
                fesisAlabama.2017             -0.8542641   0.2828996  -3.0197 0.0026041 **       
                fesisAlabama.2018              0.7977194   0.3360400   2.3739 0.0178176 *        
                fesisAlaska.2007              -0.9224536   0.1624429  -5.6786 1.849e-08 ***      
                fesisAlaska.2014               0.6842213   0.1469388   4.6565 3.716e-06 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2002            -1.1503231   0.3066590  -3.7511 0.0001876 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2006             0.4820965   0.1650200   2.9214 0.0035739 **       
                fesisConnecticut.2009         -0.6019968   0.1263936  -4.7629 2.234e-06 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014            -0.7732195   0.1367660  -5.6536 2.128e-08 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2020            -0.8043484   0.2963005  -2.7146 0.0067658 **       
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008  -0.6476123   0.1952276  -3.3172 0.0009468 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012   0.8531177   0.1858937   4.5893 5.100e-06 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2009              -0.5230715   0.1378057  -3.7957 0.0001574 ***      
                fesisIdaho.2002                0.8198288   0.2815590   2.9117 0.0036856 **       
                fesisIowa.2002                 1.4589331   0.3879040   3.7611 0.0001805 ***      
                fesisIowa.2003                -0.8921974   0.2822084  -3.1615 0.0016238 **       
                fesisKansas.2020               0.9275503   0.2819530   3.2897 0.0010430 **       
                fesisLouisiana.2011           -0.7243172   0.1634276  -4.4320 1.052e-05 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015            0.7719463   0.1849459   4.1739 3.294e-05 ***      
                fesisMississippi.2004         -1.1676822   0.1947663  -5.9953 2.970e-09 ***      
                fesisMississippi.2010         -0.3180443   0.1454499  -2.1866 0.0290347 *        
                fesisMississippi.2020          1.4003182   0.2891629   4.8427 1.515e-06 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2012             0.4327658   0.1345522   3.2163 0.0013461 **       
                fesisNevada.2012              -0.5195463   0.1402185  -3.7053 0.0002245 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019               0.8465380   0.2239613   3.7798 0.0001676 ***      
                fesisNorthDakota.2006          0.7979092   0.3005943   2.6544 0.0080886 **       
                fesisNorthDakota.2007         -0.8054294   0.2865599  -2.8107 0.0050543 **       
                fesisNorthDakota.2020          0.8756288   0.2865472   3.0558 0.0023129 **       
                fesisOregon.2004              -0.4834731   0.2063511  -2.3430 0.0193549 *        
                fesisRhodeIsland.2004         -0.8406381   0.1726012  -4.8704 1.322e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008        0.6595474   0.1341240   4.9174 1.048e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008          0.6130910   0.1593013   3.8486 0.0001274 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2018         -0.4428768   0.1941681  -2.2809 0.0227949 *        
                fesisVermont.2010              0.5556208   0.1830882   3.0347 0.0024790 **       
                fesisVermont.2013             -0.7310920   0.1860829  -3.9289 9.209e-05 ***      
                fesisWestVirginia.2013        -0.3406067   0.1316382  -2.5874 0.0098296 **       
                fesisWyoming.2017             -0.7785183   0.1740541  -4.4729 8.737e-06 ***      
                fesisWyoming.2020              1.6053993   0.3168407   5.0669 4.936e-07 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                     Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.0015689  1  0.9684      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.1172142  1  0.7321      
                                                
                SE of regression   0.27130      
                R-squared          0.95945      
                Log-lik.(n=1020) -43.20138      
us_q20

                Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q20 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:06:58 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 900       
                Sample: 1 to 900       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                   coef  std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                            0.072589   0.028603   2.5378 0.0113508 *        
                lgdp                          47.924237   2.850993  16.8097 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lpop                         -38.113434   1.724578 -22.1001 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp_sq                       -1.700076   0.171130  -9.9344 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                avg_temp                      -0.099644   0.070005  -1.4234 0.1550313          
                idArizona                      1.341775   0.104315  12.8627 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                    -0.300936   0.100861  -2.9837 0.0029380 **       
                idCalifornia                   3.439482   0.147297  23.3507 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                     1.658027   0.109017  15.2088 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                  2.259142   0.140323  16.0995 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                     1.220673   0.110957  11.0013 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia          -0.126835   0.115492  -1.0982 0.2724535          
                idFlorida                      1.741049   0.110346  15.7781 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idGeorgia                      1.119610   0.101379  11.0438 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idHawaii                       0.102338   0.115842   0.8834 0.3772811          
                idIdaho                       -0.761558   0.271358  -2.8065 0.0051351 **       
                idIllinois                     1.753699   0.111017  15.7967 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIndiana                      0.723253   0.095990   7.5347 1.374e-13 ***      
                idIowa                        -0.575281   0.271323  -2.1203 0.0343011 *        
                idKansas                      -0.247994   0.092584  -2.6786 0.0075511 **       
                idKentucky                    -0.089588   0.091728  -0.9767 0.3290365          
                idLouisiana                   -0.045885   0.108374  -0.4234 0.6721253          
                idMaine                       -0.025118   0.092586  -0.2713 0.7862356          
                idMaryland                     1.013602   0.099273  10.2103 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMassachusetts                2.376789   0.123190  19.2936 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                     1.949365   0.114770  16.9850 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota                    1.843458   0.142690  12.9193 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMissouri                     0.499169   0.094407   5.2874 1.617e-07 ***      
                idNebraska                    -0.264522   0.102595  -2.5783 0.0101124 *        
                idNevada                       0.635987   0.109506   5.8078 9.253e-09 ***      
                idNewHampshire                 0.609857   0.095413   6.3917 2.838e-10 ***      
                idNewJersey                    1.640019   0.109051  15.0390 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewMexico                    0.726151   0.096244   7.5449 1.277e-13 ***      
                idNewYork                      2.583537   0.127967  20.1891 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                1.649725   0.109050  15.1281 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOhio                         1.952796   0.115261  16.9423 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOklahoma                     0.270671   0.092157   2.9371 0.0034121 **       
                idOregon                       1.520347   0.208661   7.2862 7.897e-13 ***      
                idPennsylvania                 2.011882   0.116075  17.3327 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                  0.856019   0.169262   5.0574 5.316e-07 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                0.858932   0.126469   6.7916 2.216e-11 ***      
                idSouthDakota                 -0.864402   0.167581  -5.1581 3.175e-07 ***      
                idTennessee                    0.593731   0.095166   6.2389 7.263e-10 ***      
                idTexas                        2.147208   0.118466  18.1251 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                         0.519123   0.094812   5.4753 5.913e-08 ***      
                idVermont                     -0.269804   0.111367  -2.4227 0.0156370 *        
                idVirginia                     1.343472   0.104319  12.8785 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWashington                   1.551448   0.107258  14.4646 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWisconsin                    1.348204   0.103792  12.9894 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2001                      -2.477710   0.447875  -5.5321 4.335e-08 ***      
                time2002                      -2.400320   0.415375  -5.7787 1.093e-08 ***      
                time2003                      -2.439954   0.359912  -6.7793 2.402e-11 ***      
                time2004                      -2.555245   0.256559  -9.9597 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2005                      -2.294742   0.196449 -11.6811 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2006                      -1.749929   0.157909 -11.0819 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2007                      -1.243037   0.136850  -9.0832 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2008                      -0.895048   0.169575  -5.2782 1.698e-07 ***      
                time2009                      -0.194709   0.199692  -0.9750 0.3298425          
                time2010                      -0.117583   0.179784  -0.6540 0.5132913          
                time2011                      -0.028126   0.130618  -0.2153 0.8295681          
                time2012                       0.142027   0.119129   1.1922 0.2335438          
                time2013                      -0.091552   0.160510  -0.5704 0.5685839          
                time2014                      -0.279014   0.195456  -1.4275 0.1538386          
                time2015                       0.102276   0.093279   1.0964 0.2732251          
                time2016                       0.070025   0.084926   0.8245 0.4098890          
                iis2                          -0.863365   0.271680  -3.1779 0.0015428 **       
                iis4                          -0.859021   0.271801  -3.1605 0.0016367 **       
                iis10                         -1.041073   0.271579  -3.8334 0.0001367 ***      
                iis13                         -0.774180   0.271812  -2.8482 0.0045136 **       
                iis17                         -1.131442   0.271709  -4.1642 3.478e-05 ***      
                iis41                          0.830111   0.272461   3.0467 0.0023925 **       
                iis42                         -0.810569   0.274644  -2.9513 0.0032599 **       
                iis46                         -1.225972   0.273067  -4.4896 8.224e-06 ***      
                iis47                         -0.898746   0.273031  -3.2917 0.0010410 **       
                iis48                         -0.933758   0.272627  -3.4250 0.0006472 ***      
                iis55                         -1.050989   0.272205  -3.8610 0.0001224 ***      
                iis59                         -1.169849   0.273088  -4.2838 2.070e-05 ***      
                iis144                        -0.901134   0.278716  -3.2332 0.0012764 **       
                iis148                        -1.385270   0.279085  -4.9636 8.521e-07 ***      
                iis150                        -0.699701   0.278503  -2.5124 0.0121956 *        
                iis215                        -1.007429   0.278094  -3.6226 0.0003107 ***      
                iis216                         1.086994   0.279309   3.8917 0.0001081 ***      
                iis217                        -0.947934   0.279884  -3.3869 0.0007428 ***      
                iis218                        -1.081677   0.279198  -3.8742 0.0001161 ***      
                iis282                         0.902765   0.270157   3.3416 0.0008730 ***      
                iis311                        -0.782639   0.269341  -2.9058 0.0037685 **       
                iis326                        -1.025341   0.269055  -3.8109 0.0001495 ***      
                iis364                        -1.014561   0.269728  -3.7614 0.0001817 ***      
                iis370                        -0.984816   0.269736  -3.6510 0.0002788 ***      
                iis461                        -1.017939   0.269357  -3.7791 0.0001695 ***      
                iis482                        -0.704075   0.273809  -2.5714 0.0103148 *        
                iis483                        -0.809264   0.273178  -2.9624 0.0031463 **       
                iis484                        -0.753013   0.273536  -2.7529 0.0060463 **       
                iis488                        -1.308898   0.273929  -4.7782 2.117e-06 ***      
                iis490                        -1.144529   0.273117  -4.1906 3.104e-05 ***      
                iis498                        -1.172418   0.321504  -3.6467 0.0002835 ***      
                iis518                        -0.651029   0.283499  -2.2964 0.0219199 *        
                iis662                         0.752454   0.321808   2.3382 0.0196314 *        
                iis737                         0.661588   0.273984   2.4147 0.0159803 *        
                iis738                         0.581091   0.274663   2.1157 0.0346946 *        
                iis759                        -0.933234   0.321202  -2.9054 0.0037724 **       
                iis763                        -0.915697   0.269104  -3.4028 0.0007015 ***      
                iis819                        -0.888025   0.269191  -3.2989 0.0010153 **       
                iis841                        -0.971968   0.269434  -3.6074 0.0003292 ***      
                fesisAlabama.2020             -0.535341   0.272582  -1.9640 0.0498937 *        
                fesisConnecticut.2009         -0.585771   0.121092  -4.8374 1.589e-06 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014            -0.864125   0.124669  -6.9313 8.814e-12 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012   0.286923   0.128917   2.2256 0.0263269 *        
                fesisHawaii.2009              -0.510064   0.131919  -3.8665 0.0001197 ***      
                fesisIdaho.2002                0.795086   0.269369   2.9517 0.0032565 **       
                fesisIowa.2002                 0.539298   0.269782   1.9990 0.0459573 *        
                fesisKansas.2020               1.009352   0.269533   3.7448 0.0001940 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2011           -0.687474   0.156590  -4.3903 1.290e-05 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015            0.834426   0.170459   4.8952 1.197e-06 ***      
                fesisMinnesota.2007           -0.406514   0.128452  -3.1647 0.0016133 **       
                fesisNebraska.2018             0.533430   0.200752   2.6572 0.0080433 **       
                fesisNevada.2012              -0.505580   0.134318  -3.7641 0.0001799 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019               0.863720   0.214206   4.0322 6.075e-05 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004              -0.463734   0.197617  -2.3466 0.0191964 *        
                fesisRhodeIsland.2004         -0.818890   0.165307  -4.9538 8.950e-07 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008        0.609882   0.128370   4.7510 2.414e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2004          1.232681   0.303093   4.0670 5.252e-05 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2005         -1.395488   0.302940  -4.6065 4.790e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008          1.364462   0.214553   6.3596 3.465e-10 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2011         -0.657022   0.185488  -3.5421 0.0004208 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2017          0.690828   0.283600   2.4359 0.0150794 *        
                fesisSouthDakota.2018         -0.867175   0.321275  -2.6992 0.0071036 **       
                fesisVermont.2010              0.529695   0.175093   3.0252 0.0025671 **       
                fesisVermont.2013             -0.715816   0.177988  -4.0217 6.346e-05 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.85040  1  0.3564      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.24407  1  0.6213      
                                              
                SE of regression 0.25914      
                R-squared        0.95651      
                Log-lik.(n=900)  2.78837      
us_q30

                Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 00:06:29 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 720       
                Sample: 1 to 720       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                             0.105834    0.032753   3.2313 0.0012964 **       
                lgdp                         -103.815412   16.169295  -6.4205 2.674e-10 ***      
                lpop                           97.845638   12.656854   7.7306 4.247e-14 ***      
                lgdp_sq                         2.668125    0.543113   4.9127 1.147e-06 ***      
                avg_temp                        0.334449    0.094554   3.5371 0.0004342 ***      
                idCalifornia                    1.985457    0.105291  18.8569 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                      0.268426    0.075588   3.5512 0.0004121 ***      
                idConnecticut                   0.829043    0.104148   7.9602 8.024e-15 ***      
                idDelaware                     -0.167248    0.084536  -1.9784 0.0483155 *        
                idDistrictofColumbia           -1.339633    0.124354 -10.7728 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idFlorida                       0.348714    0.076012   4.5876 5.411e-06 ***      
                idGeorgia                      -0.290547    0.076075  -3.8192 0.0001471 ***      
                idIdaho                        -1.296751    0.089674 -14.4607 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIllinois                      0.360009    0.076257   4.7210 2.894e-06 ***      
                idIndiana                      -0.632898    0.078114  -8.1023 2.806e-15 ***      
                idIowa                         -1.899781    0.248970  -7.6306 8.677e-14 ***      
                idKentucky                     -1.411736    0.091848 -15.3703 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMaryland                     -0.352780    0.075845  -4.6513 4.021e-06 ***      
                idMassachusetts                 0.960693    0.083352  11.5257 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                      0.548375    0.077955   7.0345 5.230e-12 ***      
                idMinnesota                     0.171717    0.075291   2.2807 0.0228991 *        
                idMissouri                     -0.874190    0.083289 -10.4959 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNevada                       -0.736082    0.092009  -8.0001 5.982e-15 ***      
                idNewHampshire                 -0.708018    0.079737  -8.8794 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey                     0.250348    0.075598   3.3116 0.0009807 ***      
                idNewMexico                    -0.630875    0.077871  -8.1015 2.822e-15 ***      
                idNewYork                       1.159430    0.087115  13.3092 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                 0.260055    0.075598   3.4400 0.0006202 ***      
                idOhio                          0.550881    0.078215   7.0431 4.937e-12 ***      
                idOklahoma                     -1.068523    0.084429 -12.6559 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOregon                        0.113832    0.176889   0.6435 0.5201175          
                idPennsylvania                  0.608448    0.078663   7.7349 4.120e-14 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                  -0.520439    0.149197  -3.4883 0.0005200 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                 0.052905    0.243826   0.2170 0.8282966          
                idTennessee                    -0.754443    0.081133  -9.2989 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                         0.739404    0.080093   9.2318 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                         -0.792328    0.082853  -9.5630 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idVirginia                     -0.033707    0.075847  -0.4444 0.6568964          
                idWashington                    0.165583    0.075161   2.2030 0.0279527 *        
                idWisconsin                    -0.161904    0.084524  -1.9155 0.0558845 .        
                time2001                       15.301947    2.906194   5.2653 1.923e-07 ***      
                time2002                       14.496834    2.713466   5.3426 1.282e-07 ***      
                time2003                       14.482583    2.547842   5.6843 2.010e-08 ***      
                time2004                       14.173532    2.482453   5.7095 1.747e-08 ***      
                time2005                       13.586621    2.196580   6.1854 1.115e-09 ***      
                time2006                       12.258961    1.907942   6.4252 2.598e-10 ***      
                time2007                       11.141715    1.657905   6.7204 4.063e-11 ***      
                time2008                        9.495042    1.501186   6.3250 4.801e-10 ***      
                time2009                        5.323158    1.107733   4.8055 1.932e-06 ***      
                time2010                        4.941448    1.075190   4.5959 5.208e-06 ***      
                time2011                        4.733189    1.012359   4.6754 3.591e-06 ***      
                time2012                        3.620928    0.736298   4.9177 1.118e-06 ***      
                time2013                        3.262085    0.763515   4.2725 2.232e-05 ***      
                time2014                        1.389198    0.446762   3.1095 0.0019587 **       
                time2015                        0.921829    0.350788   2.6279 0.0088012 **       
                time2016                        0.205151    0.188950   1.0857 0.2780089          
                iis3                           -0.749576    0.243360  -3.0801 0.0021594 **       
                iis104                         -1.048679    0.256107  -4.0947 4.778e-05 ***      
                iis108                         -0.772575    0.294143  -2.6265 0.0088358 **       
                iis151                          0.761903    0.243274   3.1319 0.0018174 **       
                iis161                         -0.791118    0.243605  -3.2475 0.0012259 **       
                iis222                          0.871633    0.244188   3.5695 0.0003849 ***      
                iis246                         -1.104148    0.243065  -4.5426 6.660e-06 ***      
                iis341                         -0.991450    0.243912  -4.0648 5.416e-05 ***      
                iis378                         -1.544534    0.290382  -5.3190 1.452e-07 ***      
                iis389                         -0.724325    0.243225  -2.9780 0.0030128 **       
                iis522                          0.736348    0.290924   2.5311 0.0116138 *        
                iis529                         -0.585279    0.244369  -2.3951 0.0169084 *        
                iis579                         -0.648977    0.244340  -2.6560 0.0081065 **       
                iis597                          0.611699    0.246653   2.4800 0.0133986 *        
                iis603                         -0.936556    0.243260  -3.8500 0.0001302 ***      
                iis656                         -0.720975    0.243434  -2.9617 0.0031748 **       
                iis659                         -0.898655    0.243609  -3.6889 0.0002447 ***      
                iis661                         -0.963670    0.243707  -3.9542 8.550e-05 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009          -0.535558    0.109845  -4.8756 1.375e-06 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014             -0.704518    0.118952  -5.9227 5.209e-09 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2020             -0.685162    0.256017  -2.6762 0.0076389 **       
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008   -0.756478    0.195735  -3.8648 0.0001227 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2011    0.896411    0.196540   4.5610 6.120e-06 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2017   -0.571399    0.256921  -2.2240 0.0265005 *        
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2018    0.776637    0.273902   2.8355 0.0047229 **       
                fesisIowa.2002                  0.535750    0.243993   2.1958 0.0284728 *        
                fesisMissouri.2020              0.521195    0.243707   2.1386 0.0328511 *        
                fesisNevada.2012               -0.454328    0.121721  -3.7325 0.0002067 ***      
                fesisNevada.2018                0.885752    0.193584   4.5756 5.722e-06 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004               -0.388376    0.179816  -2.1599 0.0311608 *        
                fesisRhodeIsland.2004          -0.735325    0.150380  -4.8898 1.283e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2002        -0.671201    0.256316  -2.6186 0.0090403 **       
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008         0.760323    0.120870   6.2904 5.924e-10 ***      
                fesisWisconsin.2014             0.377387    0.111766   3.3766 0.0007791 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                    Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.497443  1  0.4806      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.032508  1  0.8569      
                                               
                SE of regression  0.23353      
                R-squared         0.95319      
                Log-lik.(n=720)  70.56918      

Patent Count

0.01

us_all

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_all (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Sun Mar 26 23:50:46 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 1020       
                Sample: 1 to 1020       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                            coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                   6.0292e-01  2.4855e-02 24.2579 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp                  4.3358e+02  5.5343e+01  7.8344 1.297e-14 ***      
                lpop                 -3.1823e+02  3.4082e+01 -9.3369 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp_sq              -1.7238e+01  3.3042e+00 -5.2169 2.249e-07 ***      
                avg_temp             -3.0570e-01  1.3549e+00 -0.2256 0.8215440          
                idAlaska             -1.0850e+00  1.7630e+00 -0.6154 0.5384368          
                idArizona             6.8648e+00  1.8160e+00  3.7802 0.0001668 ***      
                idArkansas           -3.3404e-01  1.7617e+00 -0.1896 0.8496508          
                idCalifornia         -5.6185e+01  7.2052e+00 -7.7978 1.704e-14 ***      
                idColorado            1.0741e+01  1.8846e+00  5.6996 1.617e-08 ***      
                idConnecticut         1.3403e+01  1.9701e+00  6.8033 1.842e-11 ***      
                idDelaware            4.1195e+00  1.7830e+00  2.3104 0.0210842 *        
                idDistrictofColumbia  2.3088e-01  1.7615e+00  0.1311 0.8957494          
                idFlorida             1.1375e+01  1.8974e+00  5.9951 2.920e-09 ***      
                idGeorgia             3.5082e+00  1.8185e+00  1.9292 0.0540104 .        
                idHawaii             -5.5834e-02  1.7615e+00 -0.0317 0.9747208          
                idIdaho               4.2025e-01  1.7616e+00  0.2386 0.8115013          
                idIllinois            1.0966e+01  1.8991e+00  5.7742 1.057e-08 ***      
                idIndiana             2.6099e+00  1.7687e+00  1.4756 0.1403880          
                idIowa                3.6037e-01  1.7616e+00  0.2046 0.8379506          
                idKansas             -5.0278e-02  1.7615e+00 -0.0285 0.9772354          
                idKentucky            1.2799e-01  1.7615e+00  0.0727 0.9420939          
                idLouisiana           7.7636e-02  1.7615e+00  0.0441 0.9648544          
                idMaine               2.2282e-01  1.7615e+00  0.1265 0.8993673          
                idMaryland            4.1364e+00  1.7797e+00  2.3242 0.0203315 *        
                idMassachusetts       1.9592e+01  2.3668e+00  8.2779 4.389e-16 ***      
                idMichigan            1.6090e+01  2.0117e+00  7.9983 3.780e-15 ***      
                idMinnesota           8.7953e+00  1.8498e+00  4.7548 2.305e-06 ***      
                idMississippi        -7.8571e-01  1.7624e+00 -0.4458 0.6558328          
                idMissouri            1.6491e+00  1.7641e+00  0.9348 0.3501551          
                idMontana            -6.2543e-01  1.7620e+00 -0.3550 0.7227019          
                idNebraska           -3.1543e-01  1.7617e+00 -0.1790 0.8579391          
                idNevada              1.5451e+00  1.7643e+00  0.8758 0.3813753          
                idNewHampshire        1.9167e+00  1.7671e+00  1.0847 0.2783524          
                idNewJersey           8.5328e+00  1.8933e+00  4.5069 7.428e-06 ***      
                idNewMexico           2.5894e+00  1.7693e+00  1.4635 0.1436776          
                idNewYork             3.4890e+01  2.8280e+00 12.3374 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina       9.9066e+00  1.8696e+00  5.2989 1.459e-07 ***      
                idNorthDakota        -7.5293e-01  1.7623e+00 -0.4272 0.6693092          
                idOhio                1.2795e+01  2.0175e+00  6.3419 3.554e-10 ***      
                idOklahoma            1.0447e+00  1.7624e+00  0.5928 0.5534690          
                idOregon              5.0704e+00  1.7914e+00  2.8305 0.0047494 **       
                idPennsylvania        1.3255e+01  2.0811e+00  6.3694 2.995e-10 ***      
                idRhodeIsland         6.8777e-01  1.7621e+00  0.3903 0.6963977          
                idSouthCarolina       7.6944e+00  1.8253e+00  4.2155 2.738e-05 ***      
                idSouthDakota         2.0902e-03  1.7615e+00  0.0012 0.9990535          
                idTennessee           2.1958e+00  1.7663e+00  1.2432 0.2141235          
                idTexas               1.7013e+01  2.1359e+00  7.9651 4.864e-15 ***      
                idUtah                1.9044e+00  1.7655e+00  1.0786 0.2810291          
                idVermont            -6.2903e-03  1.7615e+00 -0.0036 0.9971515          
                idVirginia            6.7309e+00  1.8109e+00  3.7169 0.0002139 ***      
                idWashington          8.9484e+00  1.8483e+00  4.8415 1.511e-06 ***      
                idWestVirginia       -7.1453e-01  1.7621e+00 -0.4055 0.6852098          
                idWisconsin           6.8605e+00  1.8106e+00  3.7890 0.0001611 ***      
                idWyoming            -5.5557e-01  1.7619e+00 -0.3153 0.7525838          
                time2001             -2.7119e+01  8.6322e+00 -3.1416 0.0017341 **       
                time2002             -2.5349e+01  8.0042e+00 -3.1670 0.0015909 **       
                time2003             -2.5283e+01  6.9398e+00 -3.6432 0.0002844 ***      
                time2004             -2.3571e+01  4.9415e+00 -4.7701 2.141e-06 ***      
                time2005             -2.0402e+01  3.7926e+00 -5.3795 9.480e-08 ***      
                time2006             -1.5350e+01  3.0567e+00 -5.0216 6.153e-07 ***      
                time2007             -1.1553e+01  2.6561e+00 -4.3494 1.518e-05 ***      
                time2008             -8.0488e+00  3.2803e+00 -2.4537 0.0143243 *        
                time2009             -2.8195e+00  3.8738e+00 -0.7278 0.4669081          
                time2010             -2.5196e+00  3.4790e+00 -0.7242 0.4691160          
                time2011             -3.1080e+00  2.5420e+00 -1.2227 0.2217753          
                time2012             -1.2883e+00  2.3251e+00 -0.5541 0.5796609          
                time2013             -2.0351e+00  3.1127e+00 -0.6538 0.5134095          
                time2014             -5.6511e+00  3.7855e+00 -1.4928 0.1358279          
                time2015             -4.2685e-01  1.8183e+00 -0.2347 0.8144573          
                time2016             -2.1486e+00  1.6631e+00 -1.2919 0.1967019          
                iis81                 1.0896e+02  8.3814e+00 13.0002 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis82                 8.6520e+01  8.2019e+00 10.5488 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis83                 9.2518e+01  8.2447e+00 11.2216 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis84                 1.2134e+02  8.2326e+00 14.7393 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis85                 1.2915e+02  8.0736e+00 15.9966 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis86                 2.0389e+02  7.9912e+00 25.5148 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis87                 1.7951e+02  8.0989e+00 22.1648 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis88                 2.0917e+02  8.2677e+00 25.2993 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis89                 2.1307e+02  8.6613e+00 24.5997 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis90                 1.6166e+02  9.0146e+00 17.9332 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis91                 1.7122e+02  8.6701e+00 19.7477 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis92                 1.6316e+02  8.5797e+00 19.0166 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis93                 1.6523e+02  8.4689e+00 19.5099 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis94                 1.1198e+02  8.4108e+00 13.3139 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis95                 1.4418e+02  8.0658e+00 17.8760 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis96                 1.4595e+02  8.0584e+00 18.1115 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis97                 1.1767e+02  8.0609e+00 14.5982 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis98                 1.3536e+02  7.9793e+00 16.9638 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis99                 1.1028e+02  7.9809e+00 13.8177 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis211                2.7836e+01  5.7771e+00  4.8183 1.693e-06 ***      
                iis426                2.8891e+01  5.7907e+00  4.9892 7.249e-07 ***      
                iis428                4.7837e+01  5.7811e+00  8.2747 4.499e-16 ***      
                iis453               -2.0389e+01  5.8091e+00 -3.5099 0.0004700 ***      
                iis613                2.5215e+01  5.7757e+00  4.3657 1.411e-05 ***      
                iis713                2.5637e+01  5.7787e+00  4.4364 1.026e-05 ***      
                iis767                3.2004e+01  5.7811e+00  5.5360 4.037e-08 ***      
                iis770                2.6024e+01  5.7841e+00  4.4992 7.694e-06 ***      
                iis869                2.8137e+01  5.7744e+00  4.8728 1.296e-06 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2012    -1.0138e+01  2.6148e+00 -3.8772 0.0001132 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2020    -3.2322e+01  5.9868e+00 -5.3989 8.537e-08 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)    28.34  1 1.018e-07 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1)  19.89  1 8.205e-06 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     5.57026      
                R-squared            0.97812      
                Log-lik.(n=1020) -3148.60778      
us_q20

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q20 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Sun Mar 26 23:54:30 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 900       
                Sample: 1 to 900       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                            coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                   5.9079e-01  2.7303e-02 21.6380 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp                  4.8999e+02  6.2857e+01  7.7953 1.980e-14 ***      
                lpop                 -3.5937e+02  3.8722e+01 -9.2808 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp_sq              -1.9520e+01  3.7520e+00 -5.2024 2.496e-07 ***      
                avg_temp             -2.9480e-01  1.5384e+00 -0.1916 0.8480810          
                idArizona             7.0803e+00  1.9378e+00  3.6537 0.0002752 ***      
                idArkansas           -3.4721e-01  1.8764e+00 -0.1850 0.8532420          
                idCalifornia         -5.2790e+01  7.7725e+00 -6.7919 2.147e-11 ***      
                idColorado            1.1068e+01  2.0154e+00  5.4920 5.327e-08 ***      
                idConnecticut         1.3833e+01  2.1117e+00  6.5508 1.018e-10 ***      
                idDelaware            4.2543e+00  1.9005e+00  2.2385 0.0254623 *        
                idDistrictofColumbia  2.3564e-01  1.8762e+00  0.1256 0.9000839          
                idFlorida             1.1719e+01  2.0298e+00  5.7735 1.107e-08 ***      
                idGeorgia             3.6916e+00  1.9395e+00  1.9034 0.0573435 .        
                idHawaii             -6.0975e-02  1.8762e+00 -0.0325 0.9740817          
                idIdaho               4.3095e-01  1.8763e+00  0.2297 0.8184001          
                idIllinois            1.1312e+01  2.0317e+00  5.5678 3.514e-08 ***      
                idIndiana             2.6877e+00  1.8843e+00  1.4263 0.1541553          
                idIowa                3.6883e-01  1.8762e+00  0.1966 0.8442070          
                idKansas             -5.5123e-02  1.8762e+00 -0.0294 0.9765685          
                idKentucky            1.3139e-01  1.8762e+00  0.0700 0.9441877          
                idLouisiana           7.9117e-02  1.8762e+00  0.0422 0.9663738          
                idMaine               2.2512e-01  1.8762e+00  0.1200 0.9045211          
                idMaryland            4.2604e+00  1.8968e+00  2.2461 0.0249674 *        
                idMassachusetts       2.0362e+01  2.5540e+00  7.9724 5.310e-15 ***      
                idMichigan            1.6547e+01  2.1578e+00  7.6685 5.008e-14 ***      
                idMinnesota           9.0708e+00  1.9760e+00  4.5904 5.128e-06 ***      
                idMissouri            1.6965e+00  1.8792e+00  0.9028 0.3669218          
                idNebraska           -3.2850e-01  1.8764e+00 -0.1751 0.8610696          
                idNevada              1.5935e+00  1.8793e+00  0.8479 0.3967448          
                idNewHampshire        1.9852e+00  1.8825e+00  1.0546 0.2919406          
                idNewJersey           8.8446e+00  2.0241e+00  4.3695 1.408e-05 ***      
                idNewMexico           2.6705e+00  1.8850e+00  1.4167 0.1569540          
                idNewYork             3.1481e+01  2.8239e+00 11.1483 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina       1.0212e+01  1.9984e+00  5.1103 4.019e-07 ***      
                idOhio                1.3257e+01  2.1643e+00  6.1256 1.411e-09 ***      
                idOklahoma            1.0729e+00  1.8772e+00  0.5715 0.5677874          
                idOregon              5.2294e+00  1.9100e+00  2.7379 0.0063192 **       
                idPennsylvania        1.5151e+01  2.2155e+00  6.8389 1.576e-11 ***      
                idRhodeIsland         7.1083e-01  1.8769e+00  0.3787 0.7049885          
                idSouthCarolina       7.9278e+00  1.9483e+00  4.0690 5.185e-05 ***      
                idSouthDakota        -5.1859e-04  1.8762e+00 -0.0003 0.9997795          
                idTennessee           2.2593e+00  1.8816e+00  1.2008 0.2301967          
                idTexas               1.7619e+01  2.2973e+00  7.6697 4.965e-14 ***      
                idUtah                1.9627e+00  1.8807e+00  1.0436 0.2969827          
                idVermont            -7.6279e-03  1.8762e+00 -0.0041 0.9967571          
                idVirginia            6.9360e+00  1.9321e+00  3.5898 0.0003509 ***      
                idWashington          9.2216e+00  1.9744e+00  4.6707 3.516e-06 ***      
                idWisconsin           7.0649e+00  1.9318e+00  3.6572 0.0002715 ***      
                time2001             -3.0626e+01  9.8011e+00 -3.1247 0.0018433 **       
                time2002             -2.8706e+01  9.0880e+00 -3.1587 0.0016438 **       
                time2003             -2.8525e+01  7.8794e+00 -3.6202 0.0003128 ***      
                time2004             -2.6447e+01  5.6105e+00 -4.7137 2.864e-06 ***      
                time2005             -2.2836e+01  4.3059e+00 -5.3035 1.468e-07 ***      
                time2006             -1.7339e+01  3.4701e+00 -4.9967 7.155e-07 ***      
                time2007             -1.2778e+01  3.0150e+00 -4.2380 2.516e-05 ***      
                time2008             -8.8037e+00  3.7240e+00 -2.3641 0.0183113 *        
                time2009             -2.9350e+00  4.3985e+00 -0.6673 0.5047857          
                time2010             -1.9164e+00  3.9487e+00 -0.4853 0.6275874          
                time2011             -3.2455e+00  2.8882e+00 -1.1237 0.2614696          
                time2012             -1.3768e+00  2.6420e+00 -0.5211 0.6024290          
                time2013             -2.1278e+00  3.5361e+00 -0.6017 0.5475180          
                time2014             -6.2346e+00  4.2986e+00 -1.4504 0.1473436          
                time2015             -5.1731e-01  2.0646e+00 -0.2506 0.8022199          
                time2016             -2.4202e+00  1.8885e+00 -1.2815 0.2003714          
                iis61                 1.0661e+02  8.9589e+00 11.8996 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis62                 8.4403e+01  8.7587e+00  9.6365 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis63                 9.0396e+01  8.8077e+00 10.2633 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis64                 1.1903e+02  8.7941e+00 13.5354 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis65                 1.2707e+02  8.6169e+00 14.7470 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis66                 2.0221e+02  8.5254e+00 23.7186 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis67                 1.7856e+02  8.6468e+00 20.6503 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis68                 2.0856e+02  8.8342e+00 23.6081 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis69                 2.1281e+02  9.2727e+00 22.9499 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis70                 1.6134e+02  9.6606e+00 16.7004 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis71                 1.7135e+02  9.2769e+00 18.4705 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis72                 1.6324e+02  9.1781e+00 17.7854 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis73                 1.6528e+02  9.0552e+00 18.2530 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis74                 1.1256e+02  8.9903e+00 12.5196 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis75                 1.4357e+02  8.6085e+00 16.6781 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis76                 1.4558e+02  8.5998e+00 16.9287 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis77                 1.1710e+02  8.6037e+00 13.6109 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis78                 1.3456e+02  8.5114e+00 15.8099 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis79                 1.0961e+02  8.5134e+00 12.8744 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis191                2.7454e+01  6.1632e+00  4.4545 9.596e-06 ***      
                iis406                2.8658e+01  6.1764e+00  4.6400 4.065e-06 ***      
                iis408                4.7382e+01  6.1660e+00  7.6843 4.463e-14 ***      
                iis433               -2.0162e+01  6.1963e+00 -3.2538 0.0011861 **       
                iis553                2.5123e+01  6.1611e+00  4.0776 5.000e-05 ***      
                iis633                2.5468e+01  6.1652e+00  4.1309 3.991e-05 ***      
                iis687                3.0209e+01  6.1574e+00  4.9061 1.124e-06 ***      
                iis789                2.7517e+01  6.1586e+00  4.4681 9.017e-06 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2020    -3.7069e+01  6.1781e+00 -6.0001 2.976e-09 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)    21.90  1 2.873e-06 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1)  12.44  1 0.0004202 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     5.93291      
                R-squared            0.97734      
                Log-lik.(n=900)  -2833.00785      
us_q30

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Sun Mar 26 23:55:08 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 720       
                Sample: 1 to 720       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                            coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                   5.5925e-01  3.2113e-02 17.4153 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp                 -1.0907e+03  4.5240e+02 -2.4110 0.0161903 *        
                lpop                  1.0526e+03  3.5412e+02  2.9725 0.0030652 **       
                lgdp_sq               2.6632e+01  1.5194e+01  1.7528 0.0801104 .        
                avg_temp              3.2913e+00  2.6438e+00  1.2449 0.2136216          
                idCalifornia         -5.2208e+01  8.4907e+00 -6.1488 1.376e-09 ***      
                idColorado            4.2780e+00  2.0985e+00  2.0386 0.0418983 *        
                idConnecticut         7.3124e+00  2.1542e+00  3.3944 0.0007302 ***      
                idDelaware           -3.0359e+00  2.0886e+00 -1.4536 0.1465537          
                idDistrictofColumbia -7.3926e+00  2.1512e+00 -3.4365 0.0006276 ***      
                idFlorida             4.9735e+00  2.1054e+00  2.3623 0.0184599 *        
                idGeorgia            -3.4899e+00  2.1088e+00 -1.6549 0.0984261 .        
                idIdaho              -7.1818e+00  2.1472e+00 -3.3447 0.0008718 ***      
                idIllinois            4.5718e+00  2.1063e+00  2.1706 0.0303323 *        
                idIndiana            -4.7507e+00  2.1094e+00 -2.2522 0.0246493 *        
                idIowa               -7.2497e+00  2.1487e+00 -3.3740 0.0007856 ***      
                idKentucky           -7.5004e+00  2.1522e+00 -3.4850 0.0005257 ***      
                idMaryland           -3.0577e+00  2.0917e+00 -1.4619 0.1442719          
                idMassachusetts       1.4712e+01  2.5529e+00  5.7629 1.286e-08 ***      
                idMichigan            1.0191e+01  2.1981e+00  4.6361 4.307e-06 ***      
                idMinnesota           2.1467e+00  2.0837e+00  1.0303 0.3032762          
                idMissouri           -5.8209e+00  2.1247e+00 -2.7396 0.0063235 **       
                idNevada             -5.9214e+00  2.1242e+00 -2.7876 0.0054684 **       
                idNewHampshire       -5.4772e+00  2.1137e+00 -2.5913 0.0097811 **       
                idNewJersey           3.2590e+00  2.0918e+00  1.5580 0.1197279          
                idNewMexico          -4.7589e+00  2.1078e+00 -2.2578 0.0242976 *        
                idNewYork             2.7618e+01  2.8943e+00  9.5422 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina       3.3667e+00  2.0913e+00  1.6098 0.1079259          
                idOhio                8.0713e+00  2.1716e+00  3.7167 0.0002195 ***      
                idOklahoma           -6.4944e+00  2.1360e+00 -3.0405 0.0024587 **       
                idOregon             -1.9977e+00  2.0830e+00 -0.9591 0.3378952          
                idPennsylvania        8.8269e+00  2.2411e+00  3.9387 9.093e-05 ***      
                idRhodeIsland        -6.8698e+00  2.1392e+00 -3.2114 0.0013870 **       
                idSouthCarolina       8.9414e-01  2.0782e+00  0.4303 0.6671539          
                idTennessee          -5.2159e+00  2.1162e+00 -2.4648 0.0139716 *        
                idTexas               1.2851e+01  2.2858e+00  5.6221 2.821e-08 ***      
                idUtah               -5.5261e+00  2.1188e+00 -2.6081 0.0093188 **       
                idVirginia           -1.7128e-01  2.0778e+00 -0.0824 0.9343281          
                idWashington          2.2913e+00  2.0832e+00  1.0999 0.2717911          
                idWisconsin          -4.4037e-02  2.0778e+00 -0.0212 0.9830975          
                time2001              1.5626e+02  8.1287e+01  1.9223 0.0550070 .        
                time2002              1.4906e+02  7.5897e+01  1.9639 0.0499692 *        
                time2003              1.4906e+02  7.1268e+01  2.0915 0.0368778 *        
                time2004              1.4710e+02  6.9439e+01  2.1184 0.0345296 *        
                time2005              1.4225e+02  6.1444e+01  2.3152 0.0209202 *        
                time2006              1.2902e+02  5.3371e+01  2.4175 0.0159085 *        
                time2007              1.1811e+02  4.6378e+01  2.5467 0.0111081 *        
                time2008              1.0027e+02  4.1994e+01  2.3878 0.0172385 *        
                time2009              5.4572e+01  3.0981e+01  1.7615 0.0786344 .        
                time2010              4.9982e+01  3.0074e+01  1.6620 0.0970111 .        
                time2011              4.5670e+01  2.8320e+01  1.6126 0.1073157          
                time2012              3.5120e+01  2.0597e+01  1.7051 0.0886636 .        
                time2013              3.1939e+01  2.1356e+01  1.4956 0.1352594          
                time2014              8.0952e+00  1.2493e+01  0.6480 0.5172231          
                time2015              7.4091e+00  9.8018e+00  0.7559 0.4499955          
                time2016             -2.0212e+00  5.2738e+00 -0.3833 0.7016597          
                iis21                 1.0140e+02  1.0000e+01 10.1397 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis22                 7.9396e+01  9.7546e+00  8.1393 2.082e-15 ***      
                iis23                 8.5658e+01  9.8205e+00  8.7223 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis24                 1.1395e+02  9.8025e+00 11.6241 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis25                 1.2293e+02  9.5857e+00 12.8247 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis26                 1.9815e+02  9.4735e+00 20.9165 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis27                 1.7770e+02  9.6175e+00 18.4766 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis28                 2.0804e+02  9.8451e+00 21.1316 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis29                 2.1286e+02  1.0369e+01 20.5289 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis30                 1.6282e+02  1.0837e+01 15.0248 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis31                 1.7264e+02  1.0363e+01 16.6594 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis32                 1.6425e+02  1.0249e+01 16.0258 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis33                 1.6419e+02  1.0106e+01 16.2458 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis34                 1.1411e+02  1.0024e+01 11.3840 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis35                 1.4241e+02  9.5708e+00 14.8800 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis36                 1.4539e+02  9.5594e+00 15.2090 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis37                 1.1600e+02  9.5693e+00 12.1217 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis38                 1.3221e+02  9.4521e+00 13.9875 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis39                 1.0769e+02  9.4546e+00 11.3903 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis151                2.6816e+01  6.8501e+00  3.9147 0.0001002 ***      
                iis286                2.7779e+01  6.8601e+00  4.0494 5.766e-05 ***      
                iis288                4.6671e+01  6.8487e+00  6.8146 2.190e-11 ***      
                iis313               -2.1516e+01  6.8798e+00 -3.1274 0.0018439 **       
                iis547                3.0160e+01  6.8391e+00  4.4099 1.213e-05 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2018    -2.1651e+01  4.1934e+00 -5.1630 3.249e-07 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   17.127  1 3.496e-05 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 15.648  1 7.629e-05 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     6.56998      
                R-squared            0.97631      
                Log-lik.(n=720)  -2336.54319      

0.05

us_all

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_all (2000:2020); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Sun Mar 26 23:50:35 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 1020       
                Sample: 1 to 1020       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                               coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                      5.9379e-01  2.3589e-02 25.1722 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp                     3.6680e+02  5.0179e+01  7.3098 5.915e-13 ***      
                lpop                    -3.0350e+02  3.0479e+01 -9.9579 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp_sq                 -1.2159e+01  3.0190e+00 -4.0276 6.111e-05 ***      
                avg_temp                -1.3271e+00  1.2141e+00 -1.0931 0.2746581          
                idAlaska                -1.1121e+00  1.5714e+00 -0.7077 0.4792998          
                idArizona                7.0269e+00  1.6248e+00  4.3249 1.697e-05 ***      
                idArkansas              -3.4395e-01  1.5700e+00 -0.2191 0.8266396          
                idCalifornia            -5.5266e+01  6.5792e+00 -8.4002 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado               1.0987e+01  1.6937e+00  6.4872 1.443e-10 ***      
                idConnecticut            2.0526e+01  2.2961e+00  8.9396 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware               4.2209e+00  1.5915e+00  2.6521 0.0081401 **       
                idDistrictofColumbia     2.3446e-01  1.5698e+00  0.1494 0.8813073          
                idFlorida                1.1634e+01  1.7065e+00  6.8173 1.701e-11 ***      
                idGeorgia                3.6096e+00  1.6245e+00  2.2220 0.0265318 *        
                idHawaii                -5.9702e-02  1.5698e+00 -0.0380 0.9696712          
                idIdaho                  4.2830e-01  1.5699e+00  0.2728 0.7850599          
                idIllinois               1.1226e+01  1.7082e+00  6.5720 8.407e-11 ***      
                idIndiana                2.6684e+00  1.5771e+00  1.6920 0.0909909 .        
                idIowa                   3.6673e-01  1.5699e+00  0.2336 0.8153434          
                idKansas                -5.3924e-02  1.5698e+00 -0.0344 0.9726056          
                idKentucky               1.3054e-01  1.5698e+00  0.0832 0.9337430          
                idLouisiana              7.8750e-02  1.5698e+00  0.0502 0.9600013          
                idMaine                  2.2455e-01  1.5698e+00  0.1430 0.8862877          
                idMaryland               4.2297e+00  1.5882e+00  2.6632 0.0078789 **       
                idMassachusetts          2.1536e+01  2.1931e+00  9.8202 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan               1.8140e+01  2.0892e+00  8.6827 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota              9.0026e+00  1.6588e+00  5.4273 7.361e-08 ***      
                idMississippi           -8.0664e-01  1.5707e+00 -0.5135 0.6076961          
                idMissouri               1.6847e+00  1.5725e+00  1.0714 0.2842926          
                idMontana               -6.4105e-01  1.5703e+00 -0.4082 0.6832012          
                idNebraska              -3.2526e-01  1.5700e+00 -0.2072 0.8359225          
                idNevada                 1.5815e+00  1.5726e+00  1.0057 0.3148548          
                idNewHampshire           1.9682e+00  1.5754e+00  1.2493 0.2118728          
                idNewJersey              1.0835e+01  1.9131e+00  5.6637 1.994e-08 ***      
                idNewMexico              2.6504e+00  1.5777e+00  1.6799 0.0933199 .        
                idNewYork                2.0450e+01  3.5932e+00  5.6914 1.705e-08 ***      
                idNorthCarolina          1.0137e+01  1.6786e+00  6.0387 2.273e-09 ***      
                idNorthDakota           -7.7310e-01  1.5707e+00 -0.4922 0.6226874          
                idOhio                   1.3380e+01  2.0548e+00  6.5116 1.236e-10 ***      
                idOklahoma               1.0659e+00  1.5708e+00  0.6786 0.4975522          
                idOregon                 5.1900e+00  1.6000e+00  3.2438 0.0012229 **       
                idPennsylvania           1.3573e+01  1.8844e+00  7.2027 1.249e-12 ***      
                idRhodeIsland            7.0512e-01  1.5704e+00  0.4490 0.6535436          
                idSouthCarolina          6.8203e+00  1.6531e+00  4.1258 4.039e-05 ***      
                idSouthDakota            1.2724e-04  1.5698e+00  0.0001 0.9999353          
                idTennessee              2.2436e+00  1.5747e+00  1.4248 0.1545542          
                idTexas                  1.3536e+01  2.3116e+00  5.8556 6.661e-09 ***      
                idUtah                   1.9483e+00  1.5739e+00  1.2379 0.2160825          
                idVermont               -7.2968e-03  1.5698e+00 -0.0046 0.9962923          
                idVirginia               6.8852e+00  1.6197e+00  4.2510 2.351e-05 ***      
                idWashington             8.3212e+00  2.1325e+00  3.9022 0.0001025 ***      
                idWestVirginia          -7.3220e-01  1.5705e+00 -0.4662 0.6411630          
                idWisconsin              7.0143e+00  1.6194e+00  4.3315 1.648e-05 ***      
                idWyoming               -5.6942e-01  1.5702e+00 -0.3626 0.7169589          
                time2001                -1.4720e+01  7.8804e+00 -1.8679 0.0621038 .        
                time2002                -1.3562e+01  7.3167e+00 -1.8536 0.0641224 .        
                time2003                -1.5704e+01  6.3206e+00 -2.4845 0.0131545 *        
                time2004                -1.7707e+01  4.4972e+00 -3.9372 8.880e-05 ***      
                time2005                -1.6464e+01  3.4343e+00 -4.7941 1.912e-06 ***      
                time2006                -1.1615e+01  2.7830e+00 -4.1736 3.290e-05 ***      
                time2007                -9.1374e+00  2.4221e+00 -3.7726 0.0001722 ***      
                time2008                -6.6201e+00  2.9472e+00 -2.2462 0.0249312 *        
                time2009                 8.2012e-02  3.5016e+00  0.0234 0.9813193          
                time2010                -5.2342e-01  3.1242e+00 -0.1675 0.8669848          
                time2011                -1.0183e+00  2.3033e+00 -0.4421 0.6585025          
                time2012                 2.0564e+00  2.1253e+00  0.9676 0.3335174          
                time2013                -2.0316e+00  2.7782e+00 -0.7313 0.4647992          
                time2014                -5.1548e+00  3.3751e+00 -1.5273 0.1270377          
                time2015                 1.8808e+00  1.6593e+00  1.1334 0.2573311          
                time2016                 5.2134e-01  1.5181e+00  0.3434 0.7313660          
                iis81                    1.0890e+02  7.5288e+00 14.4641 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis82                    8.6651e+01  7.3441e+00 11.7988 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis83                    9.2220e+01  7.3862e+00 12.4854 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis84                    1.2156e+02  7.3760e+00 16.4804 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis85                    1.2914e+02  7.2127e+00 17.9048 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis86                    2.0409e+02  7.1284e+00 28.6303 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis87                    1.8141e+02  7.2348e+00 25.0747 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis88                    2.1129e+02  7.4066e+00 28.5276 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis89                    2.1596e+02  7.7984e+00 27.6932 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis90                    1.6427e+02  8.1541e+00 20.1455 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis91                    1.7365e+02  7.8091e+00 22.2363 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis92                    1.6481e+02  7.7214e+00 21.3451 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis93                    1.6707e+02  7.6083e+00 21.9591 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis94                    1.1306e+02  7.5512e+00 14.9718 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis95                    1.4508e+02  7.2012e+00 20.1461 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis96                    1.4627e+02  7.1926e+00 20.3367 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis97                    1.1953e+02  7.1962e+00 16.6105 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis98                    1.3544e+02  7.1132e+00 19.0399 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis99                    1.1036e+02  7.1149e+00 15.5115 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis211                   2.8280e+01  5.1501e+00  5.4911 5.200e-08 ***      
                iis426                   2.7176e+01  5.1715e+00  5.2550 1.850e-07 ***      
                iis428                   4.7077e+01  5.1609e+00  9.1218 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis449                   2.2147e+01  5.2407e+00  4.2260 2.622e-05 ***      
                iis453                  -1.3941e+01  5.4071e+00 -2.5783 0.0100862 *        
                iis613                   2.8879e+01  5.3643e+00  5.3835 9.332e-08 ***      
                iis641                   2.0478e+01  5.8218e+00  3.5175 0.0004575 ***      
                iis642                   1.8375e+01  5.7919e+00  3.1725 0.0015626 **       
                iis644                   2.4949e+01  5.7981e+00  4.3030 1.870e-05 ***      
                iis653                   1.8765e+01  6.1496e+00  3.0514 0.0023448 **       
                iis655                   1.6508e+01  6.1699e+00  2.6755 0.0075970 **       
                iis657                   3.3404e+01  5.6160e+00  5.9479 3.887e-09 ***      
                iis707                   2.0685e+01  5.2391e+00  3.9482 8.488e-05 ***      
                iis713                   3.2191e+01  5.4263e+00  5.9324 4.259e-09 ***      
                iis717                   2.1925e+01  5.4242e+00  4.0421 5.752e-05 ***      
                iis767                   3.2742e+01  5.1536e+00  6.3531 3.349e-10 ***      
                iis770                   2.6533e+01  5.1563e+00  5.1457 3.274e-07 ***      
                iis817                   2.0996e+01  5.1481e+00  4.0783 4.938e-05 ***      
                iis869                   1.3154e+01  6.1446e+00  2.1407 0.0325664 *        
                iis951                   2.2253e+01  5.2637e+00  4.2277 2.603e-05 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009   -1.1333e+01  2.3000e+00 -4.9273 9.928e-07 ***      
                fesisMassachusetts.2020 -2.5343e+01  5.1642e+00 -4.9075 1.095e-06 ***      
                fesisMichigan.2013      -7.8185e+00  2.4307e+00 -3.2166 0.0013437 **       
                fesisNewJersey.2013     -5.6367e+00  2.3875e+00 -2.3609 0.0184458 *        
                fesisNewYork.2007        2.1208e+01  3.6665e+00  5.7844 1.005e-08 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2012       -2.1769e+01  4.2050e+00 -5.1770 2.784e-07 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2016       -1.0890e+01  4.3892e+00 -2.4811 0.0132786 *        
                fesisOhio.2013          -6.7539e+00  2.5509e+00 -2.6476 0.0082481 **       
                fesisTexas.2008          1.9906e+01  4.0650e+00  4.8968 1.155e-06 ***      
                fesisTexas.2011         -1.6559e+01  3.8861e+00 -4.2610 2.250e-05 ***      
                fesisWashington.2009     2.0353e+01  5.3215e+00  3.8246 0.0001400 ***      
                fesisWashington.2010    -2.2712e+01  5.2648e+00 -4.3139 1.782e-05 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   25.238  1 5.066e-07 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 11.475  1 0.0007056 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     4.96412      
                R-squared            0.98302      
                Log-lik.(n=1020) -3020.59860      
us_q20

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q20 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Sun Mar 26 23:54:29 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 900       
                Sample: 1 to 900       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                            coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                   5.8633e-01  2.6634e-02  22.0145 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp                  4.6931e+02  5.9566e+01   7.8789 1.083e-14 ***      
                lpop                 -3.7459e+02  3.6157e+01 -10.3599 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp_sq              -1.6608e+01  3.5876e+00  -4.6294 4.281e-06 ***      
                avg_temp             -1.0911e+00  1.4507e+00  -0.7521 0.4522032          
                idArizona             7.1596e+00  1.8241e+00   3.9250 9.423e-05 ***      
                idArkansas           -3.5206e-01  1.7619e+00  -0.1998 0.8416733          
                idCalifornia         -5.1969e+01  7.4155e+00  -7.0081 5.151e-12 ***      
                idColorado            1.1189e+01  1.9023e+00   5.8816 5.980e-09 ***      
                idConnecticut         1.3992e+01  1.9993e+00   6.9984 5.501e-12 ***      
                idDelaware            4.3039e+00  1.7863e+00   2.4093 0.0162078 *        
                idDistrictofColumbia  2.3739e-01  1.7617e+00   0.1348 0.8928413          
                idFlorida             1.1846e+01  1.9169e+00   6.1797 1.025e-09 ***      
                idGeorgia             3.7298e+00  1.8239e+00   2.0450 0.0411871 *        
                idHawaii             -6.2868e-02  1.7617e+00  -0.0357 0.9715415          
                idIdaho               4.3488e-01  1.7618e+00   0.2468 0.8050952          
                idIllinois            1.1439e+01  1.9188e+00   5.9618 3.748e-09 ***      
                idIndiana             2.7163e+00  1.7699e+00   1.5347 0.1252519          
                idIowa                3.7194e-01  1.7617e+00   0.2111 0.8328456          
                idKansas             -5.6906e-02  1.7617e+00  -0.0323 0.9742392          
                idKentucky            1.3264e-01  1.7617e+00   0.0753 0.9400018          
                idLouisiana           7.9662e-02  1.7616e+00   0.0452 0.9639433          
                idMaine               2.2597e-01  1.7617e+00   0.1283 0.8979681          
                idMaryland            4.3061e+00  1.7826e+00   2.4156 0.0159316 *        
                idMassachusetts       2.0612e+01  2.4389e+00   8.4514 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan            1.7878e+01  2.3789e+00   7.5154 1.528e-13 ***      
                idMinnesota           9.1723e+00  1.8627e+00   4.9243 1.030e-06 ***      
                idMissouri            1.7139e+00  1.7647e+00   0.9712 0.3317432          
                idNebraska           -3.3331e-01  1.7619e+00  -0.1892 0.8500026          
                idNevada              1.6113e+00  1.7648e+00   0.9130 0.3615311          
                idNewHampshire        2.0104e+00  1.7681e+00   1.1371 0.2558495          
                idNewJersey           8.9604e+00  1.9093e+00   4.6931 3.168e-06 ***      
                idNewMexico           2.7004e+00  1.7706e+00   1.5251 0.1276296          
                idNewYork             3.3576e+01  2.8796e+00  11.6600 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina       1.0325e+01  1.8852e+00   5.4767 5.813e-08 ***      
                idOhio                1.3413e+01  2.3091e+00   5.8087 9.099e-09 ***      
                idOklahoma            1.0833e+00  1.7627e+00   0.6146 0.5390243          
                idOregon              5.2879e+00  1.7959e+00   2.9444 0.0033299 **       
                idPennsylvania        1.3940e+01  2.1192e+00   6.5781 8.628e-11 ***      
                idRhodeIsland         7.1931e-01  1.7624e+00   0.4081 0.6832737          
                idSouthCarolina       8.0137e+00  1.8347e+00   4.3679 1.420e-05 ***      
                idSouthDakota        -1.4788e-03  1.7617e+00  -0.0008 0.9993304          
                idTennessee           2.2827e+00  1.7672e+00   1.2918 0.1968172          
                idTexas               1.3696e+01  2.6024e+00   5.2629 1.825e-07 ***      
                idUtah                1.9842e+00  1.7663e+00   1.1234 0.2616141          
                idVermont            -8.1202e-03  1.7616e+00  -0.0046 0.9963234          
                idVirginia            7.0115e+00  1.8183e+00   3.8561 0.0001245 ***      
                idWashington          9.0979e+00  2.2374e+00   4.0662 5.253e-05 ***      
                idWisconsin           7.1402e+00  1.8180e+00   3.9276 9.325e-05 ***      
                time2001             -2.1803e+01  9.3759e+00  -2.3254 0.0203022 *        
                time2002             -2.0464e+01  8.7017e+00  -2.3517 0.0189294 *        
                time2003             -2.2338e+01  7.5222e+00  -2.9696 0.0030715 **       
                time2004             -2.3292e+01  5.3501e+00  -4.3535 1.515e-05 ***      
                time2005             -2.1326e+01  4.0864e+00  -5.2188 2.300e-07 ***      
                time2006             -1.5766e+01  3.3061e+00  -4.7686 2.206e-06 ***      
                time2007             -1.1855e+01  2.8775e+00  -4.1199 4.187e-05 ***      
                time2008             -8.4184e+00  3.5163e+00  -2.3941 0.0168906 *        
                time2009             -5.6363e-01  4.1721e+00  -0.1351 0.8925729          
                time2010             -1.4222e+00  3.7312e+00  -0.3812 0.7031887          
                time2011             -2.0026e+00  2.7458e+00  -0.7293 0.4660238          
                time2012              9.5534e-01  2.5256e+00   0.3783 0.7053361          
                time2013             -2.2395e+00  3.3221e+00  -0.6741 0.5004274          
                time2014             -6.1715e+00  4.0371e+00  -1.5287 0.1267442          
                time2015              1.2421e+00  1.9713e+00   0.6301 0.5287963          
                time2016             -2.9963e-01  1.8066e+00  -0.1659 0.8683121          
                iis61                 1.0603e+02  8.4552e+00  12.5401 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis62                 8.3940e+01  8.2510e+00  10.1733 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis63                 8.9902e+01  8.3011e+00  10.8302 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis64                 1.1882e+02  8.2906e+00  14.3324 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis65                 1.2672e+02  8.1056e+00  15.6337 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis66                 2.0197e+02  8.0108e+00  25.2121 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis67                 1.7922e+02  8.1273e+00  22.0520 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis68                 2.0940e+02  8.3173e+00  25.1767 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis69                 2.1371e+02  8.7563e+00  24.4064 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis70                 1.6312e+02  9.1501e+00  17.8267 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis71                 1.7238e+02  8.7624e+00  19.6729 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis72                 1.6363e+02  8.6639e+00  18.8863 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis73                 1.6571e+02  8.5403e+00  19.4037 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis74                 1.1273e+02  8.4758e+00  13.2998 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis75                 1.4350e+02  8.0906e+00  17.7361 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis76                 1.4497e+02  8.0804e+00  17.9405 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis77                 1.1770e+02  8.0844e+00  14.5594 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis78                 1.3383e+02  7.9918e+00  16.7454 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis79                 1.0887e+02  7.9938e+00  13.6195 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis191                2.7899e+01  5.7892e+00   4.8192 1.726e-06 ***      
                iis406                2.8556e+01  5.8013e+00   4.9224 1.040e-06 ***      
                iis408                4.7887e+01  5.7905e+00   8.2700 5.603e-16 ***      
                iis429                2.1395e+01  5.9109e+00   3.6196 0.0003137 ***      
                iis433               -1.5826e+01  6.0139e+00  -2.6316 0.0086634 **       
                iis553                2.5068e+01  5.7853e+00   4.3331 1.659e-05 ***      
                iis584                1.2205e+01  5.8462e+00   2.0877 0.0371410 *        
                iis597                3.2389e+01  6.3106e+00   5.1324 3.598e-07 ***      
                iis627                2.0300e+01  5.8878e+00   3.4478 0.0005950 ***      
                iis633                3.1259e+01  6.0988e+00   5.1254 3.729e-07 ***      
                iis637                2.1014e+01  6.0947e+00   3.4479 0.0005946 ***      
                iis687                3.2043e+01  5.7916e+00   5.5327 4.282e-08 ***      
                iis690                2.6103e+01  5.7932e+00   4.5059 7.600e-06 ***      
                fesisMichigan.2012   -5.4354e+00  2.6756e+00  -2.0314 0.0425435 *        
                fesisNewYork.2016    -2.3360e+01  3.2104e+00  -7.2763 8.229e-13 ***      
                fesisOhio.2013       -5.8585e+00  2.8662e+00  -2.0440 0.0412832 *        
                fesisTexas.2008       2.3779e+01  3.9349e+00   6.0432 2.320e-09 ***      
                fesisTexas.2011      -1.9891e+01  3.7122e+00  -5.3582 1.102e-07 ***      
                fesisWashington.2011  1.8959e+01  5.9127e+00   3.2065 0.0013971 **       
                fesisWashington.2012 -2.0568e+01  5.9449e+00  -3.4597 0.0005696 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   12.870  1 0.0003339 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 10.345  1 0.0012981 **       
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     5.57082      
                R-squared            0.98029      
                Log-lik.(n=900)  -2770.83203      
us_q30

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Sun Mar 26 23:55:11 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 720       
                Sample: 1 to 720       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                            coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                   5.4830e-01  3.1304e-02 17.5151 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp                 -1.1402e+03  4.2723e+02 -2.6688 0.0078074 **       
                lpop                  1.0894e+03  3.3430e+02  3.2588 0.0011791 **       
                lgdp_sq               2.8406e+01  1.4356e+01  1.9787 0.0482793 *        
                avg_temp              3.5449e+00  2.4954e+00  1.4206 0.1559285          
                idCalifornia         -5.0696e+01  8.1029e+00 -6.2566 7.264e-10 ***      
                idColorado            4.3787e+00  1.9778e+00  2.2139 0.0271952 *        
                idConnecticut         7.5066e+00  2.0340e+00  3.6906 0.0002431 ***      
                idDelaware           -3.1088e+00  1.9679e+00 -1.5798 0.1146566          
                idDistrictofColumbia -7.5829e+00  2.0310e+00 -3.7336 0.0002058 ***      
                idFlorida             5.0897e+00  1.9848e+00  2.5644 0.0105668 *        
                idGeorgia            -3.5258e+00  1.9864e+00 -1.7750 0.0763815 .        
                idIdaho              -7.3668e+00  2.0269e+00 -3.6344 0.0003013 ***      
                idIllinois            4.6900e+00  1.9857e+00  2.3618 0.0184872 *        
                idIndiana            -4.8750e+00  1.9888e+00 -2.4512 0.0145078 *        
                idIowa               -7.4367e+00  2.0285e+00 -3.6662 0.0002669 ***      
                idKentucky           -7.6919e+00  2.0319e+00 -3.7855 0.0001680 ***      
                idMaryland           -3.1404e+00  1.9710e+00 -1.5933 0.1115974          
                idMassachusetts       1.5175e+01  2.4302e+00  6.2443 7.820e-10 ***      
                idMichigan            1.0336e+01  2.0764e+00  4.9779 8.305e-07 ***      
                idMinnesota           2.2010e+00  1.9629e+00  1.1213 0.2625975          
                idMissouri           -5.9727e+00  2.0043e+00 -2.9799 0.0029942 **       
                idNevada             -6.0723e+00  2.0038e+00 -3.0304 0.0025421 **       
                idNewHampshire       -5.6100e+00  1.9932e+00 -2.8145 0.0050377 **       
                idNewJersey           3.5524e+00  2.2808e+00  1.5575 0.1198542          
                idNewMexico          -4.8802e+00  1.9873e+00 -2.4557 0.0143278 *        
                idNewYork             2.9300e+01  2.8492e+00 10.2836 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina       3.4482e+00  1.9706e+00  1.7498 0.0806415 .        
                idOhio                7.0685e+00  2.0812e+00  3.3964 0.0007257 ***      
                idOklahoma           -6.6636e+00  2.0156e+00 -3.3059 0.0010003 **       
                idOregon             -2.0487e+00  1.9622e+00 -1.0441 0.2968572          
                idPennsylvania        7.7708e+00  2.1439e+00  3.6246 0.0003127 ***      
                idRhodeIsland        -7.0436e+00  2.0189e+00 -3.4889 0.0005187 ***      
                idSouthCarolina       9.1032e-01  1.9574e+00  0.4651 0.6420369          
                idTennessee          -5.3532e+00  1.9957e+00 -2.6823 0.0075025 **       
                idTexas               7.1159e+00  2.7781e+00  2.5614 0.0106560 *        
                idUtah               -5.6680e+00  1.9984e+00 -2.8363 0.0047108 **       
                idVirginia           -1.8066e-01  1.9570e+00 -0.0923 0.9264762          
                idWashington          2.3434e+00  1.9625e+00  1.1941 0.2328789          
                idWisconsin          -5.3999e-02  1.9570e+00 -0.0276 0.9779959          
                time2001              1.6566e+02  7.6804e+01  2.1569 0.0313875 *        
                time2002              1.5782e+02  7.1710e+01  2.2008 0.0281088 *        
                time2003              1.5724e+02  6.7331e+01  2.3353 0.0198410 *        
                time2004              1.5496e+02  6.5597e+01  2.3623 0.0184647 *        
                time2005              1.4914e+02  5.8039e+01  2.5696 0.0104106 *        
                time2006              1.3499e+02  5.0411e+01  2.6777 0.0076052 **       
                time2007              1.2327e+02  4.3804e+01  2.8142 0.0050431 **       
                time2008              1.0436e+02  3.9665e+01  2.6311 0.0087195 **       
                time2009              5.7776e+01  2.9282e+01  1.9731 0.0489161 *        
                time2010              5.2375e+01  2.8423e+01  1.8427 0.0658473 .        
                time2011              4.9093e+01  2.6763e+01  1.8344 0.0670649 .        
                time2012              3.7695e+01  1.9471e+01  1.9360 0.0533160 .        
                time2013              3.3130e+01  2.0187e+01  1.6412 0.1012638          
                time2014              9.8530e+00  1.1817e+01  0.8338 0.4047307          
                time2015              8.7424e+00  9.2756e+00  0.9425 0.3462867          
                time2016             -5.4316e-01  4.9994e+00 -0.1086 0.9135187          
                iis21                 1.0026e+02  9.4637e+00 10.5938 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis22                 7.8539e+01  9.2154e+00  8.5225 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis23                 8.4717e+01  9.2822e+00  9.1268 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis24                 1.1303e+02  9.2640e+00 12.2007 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis25                 1.2234e+02  9.0438e+00 13.5271 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis26                 1.9782e+02  8.9289e+00 22.1555 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis27                 1.7838e+02  9.0679e+00 19.6721 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis28                 2.0970e+02  9.3009e+00 22.5461 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis29                 2.1501e+02  9.8265e+00 21.8803 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis30                 1.6604e+02  1.0299e+01 16.1218 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis31                 1.7425e+02  9.8209e+00 17.7428 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis32                 1.6577e+02  9.7070e+00 17.0776 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis33                 1.6697e+02  9.5629e+00 17.4597 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis34                 1.1531e+02  9.4802e+00 12.1633 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis35                 1.4302e+02  9.0243e+00 15.8483 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis36                 1.4528e+02  9.0145e+00 16.1167 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis37                 1.1680e+02  9.0210e+00 12.9481 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis38                 1.3246e+02  8.9045e+00 14.8760 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis39                 1.0795e+02  8.9070e+00 12.1201 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis151                2.6610e+01  6.4523e+00  4.1241 4.220e-05 ***      
                iis286                2.7440e+01  6.4631e+00  4.2456 2.508e-05 ***      
                iis288                4.7146e+01  6.4515e+00  7.3077 8.247e-13 ***      
                iis313               -1.9870e+01  6.4881e+00 -3.0625 0.0022884 **       
                iis493                2.4369e+01  6.4544e+00  3.7755 0.0001748 ***      
                iis547                3.1296e+01  6.4508e+00  4.8515 1.545e-06 ***      
                iis550                2.5220e+01  6.4534e+00  3.9081 0.0001031 ***      
                fesisNewJersey.2013   2.2870e+01  6.5416e+00  3.4961 0.0005053 ***      
                fesisNewJersey.2014  -2.6738e+01  6.7185e+00 -3.9798 7.698e-05 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2016    -2.4077e+01  6.4850e+00 -3.7127 0.0002232 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2017     3.1294e+01  8.9052e+00  3.5141 0.0004728 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2018    -3.0247e+01  7.2544e+00 -4.1694 3.480e-05 ***      
                fesisTexas.2008       2.3543e+01  4.3796e+00  5.3757 1.075e-07 ***      
                fesisTexas.2011      -1.8486e+01  4.1357e+00 -4.4698 9.284e-06 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df  p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   14.3223  1 0.000154 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1)  7.7124  1 0.005484 **       
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     6.18798      
                R-squared            0.97925      
                Log-lik.(n=720)  -2289.41386      

Analysis excluding 2020

AR(0)

Ihs Patent Count

0.01

us_all

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_all (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 01:35:47 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 1020       
                Sample: 1 to 1020       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                  coef std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                         -0.087338  1.118553 -0.0781 0.9377808          
                lpop                          0.317719  0.469855  0.6762 0.4990816          
                lgdp_sq                       0.014525  0.048223  0.3012 0.7633256          
                avg_temp                      0.012809  0.013757  0.9311 0.3520610          
                idAlaska                      0.568395  0.925075  0.6144 0.5390845          
                idArizona                     1.811154  0.162309 11.1587 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                   -0.380843  0.263399 -1.4459 0.1485580          
                idCalifornia                  2.942043  0.868275  3.3884 0.0007334 ***      
                idColorado                    2.387314  0.278875  8.5605 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                 3.148356  0.300724 10.4693 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                    2.701992  0.692916  3.8995 0.0001035 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia          0.878947  0.906908  0.9692 0.3327196          
                idFlorida                     1.422164  0.563387  2.5243 0.0117623 *        
                idGeorgia                     1.259330  0.303269  4.1525 3.599e-05 ***      
                idHawaii                     -0.501600  0.654093 -0.7669 0.4433619          
                idIdaho                       1.190728  0.530361  2.2451 0.0250005 *        
                idIllinois                    1.866587  0.452659  4.1236 4.073e-05 ***      
                idIndiana                     1.135026  0.231111  4.9112 1.074e-06 ***      
                idIowa                        0.660503  0.296543  2.2273 0.0261696 *        
                idKansas                      0.313289  0.260170  1.2042 0.2288394          
                idKentucky                    0.356582  0.154963  2.3011 0.0216134 *        
                idLouisiana                   0.144393  0.167246  0.8634 0.3881696          
                idMaine                       0.839303  0.590238  1.4220 0.1553777          
                idMaryland                    1.452636  0.201767  7.1996 1.268e-12 ***      
                idMassachusetts               2.969344  0.304077  9.7651 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                    2.406765  0.404108  5.9557 3.701e-09 ***      
                idMinnesota                   2.339767  0.335892  6.9658 6.274e-12 ***      
                idMississippi                 0.477934  0.260295  1.8361 0.0666672 .        
                idMissouri                    0.865831  0.188011  4.6052 4.710e-06 ***      
                idMontana                     0.530110  0.694935  0.7628 0.4457698          
                idNebraska                    0.014754  0.441074  0.0334 0.9733234          
                idNevada                      1.620343  0.337327  4.8035 1.824e-06 ***      
                idNewHampshire                2.063025  0.581232  3.5494 0.0004060 ***      
                idNewJersey                   1.942331  0.327515  5.9305 4.292e-09 ***      
                idNewMexico                   1.835036  0.372585  4.9251 1.002e-06 ***      
                idNewYork                     2.573841  0.661085  3.8934 0.0001061 ***      
                idNorthCarolina               1.895025  0.299750  6.3220 4.047e-10 ***      
                idNorthDakota                 0.340548  0.834325  0.4082 0.6832435          
                idOhio                        2.242161  0.409060  5.4813 5.476e-08 ***      
                idOklahoma                    0.782235  0.154127  5.0753 4.696e-07 ***      
                idOregon                      2.675783  0.303738  8.8095 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                2.247422  0.455981  4.9288 9.838e-07 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                 2.126227  0.620061  3.4291 0.0006330 ***      
                idSouthCarolina               1.415721  0.151804  9.3260 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota                 0.118439  0.757221  0.1564 0.8757424          
                idTennessee                   0.359494  0.223646  1.6074 0.1083092          
                idTexas                       1.724096  0.688461  2.5043 0.0124450 *        
                idUtah                        1.396332  0.314595  4.4385 1.017e-05 ***      
                idVermont                     1.330060  0.864588  1.5384 0.1243060          
                idVirginia                    1.585289  0.272368  5.8204 8.143e-09 ***      
                idWashington                  2.075100  0.308542  6.7255 3.096e-11 ***      
                idWestVirginia                0.173814  0.411613  0.4223 0.6729240          
                idWisconsin                   2.022686  0.305496  6.6210 6.106e-11 ***      
                idWyoming                     1.704603  0.951200  1.7921 0.0734577 .        
                time2000                     -3.529590  7.763559 -0.4546 0.6494804          
                time2001                     -3.495911  7.766977 -0.4501 0.6527465          
                time2002                     -3.352817  7.768544 -0.4316 0.6661429          
                time2003                     -3.241420  7.767033 -0.4173 0.6765355          
                time2004                     -3.243170  7.768657 -0.4175 0.6764346          
                time2005                     -3.003277  7.770981 -0.3865 0.6992369          
                time2006                     -2.868097  7.774734 -0.3689 0.7122887          
                time2007                     -2.667217  7.773747 -0.3431 0.7315985          
                time2008                     -2.587534  7.771854 -0.3329 0.7392592          
                time2009                     -2.409370  7.775416 -0.3099 0.7567309          
                time2010                     -2.465560  7.778419 -0.3170 0.7513360          
                time2011                     -2.457927  7.780125 -0.3159 0.7521331          
                time2012                     -2.529881  7.784296 -0.3250 0.7452575          
                time2013                     -2.576543  7.777620 -0.3313 0.7405122          
                time2014                     -2.844717  7.776595 -0.3658 0.7145960          
                time2015                     -2.842410  7.781436 -0.3653 0.7149870          
                time2016                     -2.948803  7.783678 -0.3788 0.7048922          
                time2017                     -3.002173  7.782296 -0.3858 0.6997579          
                time2018                     -2.959885  7.779498 -0.3805 0.7036839          
                time2019                     -3.073790  7.777731 -0.3952 0.6927854          
                iis62                         1.609102  0.392456  4.1001 4.501e-05 ***      
                iis73                         1.053480  0.377668  2.7894 0.0053907 **       
                iis165                       -1.089197  0.375802 -2.8983 0.0038421 **       
                iis169                       -1.640123  0.376294 -4.3586 1.459e-05 ***      
                iis236                       -2.084549  0.438666 -4.7520 2.341e-06 ***      
                iis238                       -1.928582  0.438780 -4.3953 1.237e-05 ***      
                iis239                       -2.228071  0.438712 -5.0787 4.615e-07 ***      
                iis347                       -1.471889  0.367701 -4.0030 6.767e-05 ***      
                iis385                       -1.026794  0.376291 -2.7287 0.0064812 **       
                iis502                       -1.354575  0.368079 -3.6801 0.0002469 ***      
                iis549                       -1.075593  0.374530 -2.8718 0.0041760 **       
                iis687                        1.192540  0.372784  3.1990 0.0014269 **       
                iis825                        1.734359  0.383041  4.5279 6.753e-06 ***      
                iis830                        0.989377  0.376277  2.6294 0.0086990 **       
                fesisAlaska.2007             -1.196656  0.195658 -6.1161 1.425e-09 ***      
                fesisAlaska.2014              0.618914  0.207762  2.9790 0.0029695 **       
                fesisArkansas.2006           -0.815717  0.261768 -3.1162 0.0018898 **       
                fesisArkansas.2009            1.282191  0.239266  5.3589 1.063e-07 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2019           -1.300898  0.377893 -3.4425 0.0006027 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009        -0.604439  0.163931 -3.6871 0.0002403 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014           -0.832104  0.180368 -4.6134 4.532e-06 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012  0.555132  0.174377  3.1835 0.0015046 **       
                fesisHawaii.2001              1.364645  0.380104  3.5902 0.0003482 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2009             -0.680178  0.194192 -3.5026 0.0004832 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2015              0.824098  0.292881  2.8138 0.0050026 **       
                fesisLouisiana.2011          -0.835209  0.210490 -3.9679 7.823e-05 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015           1.115924  0.241333  4.6240 4.311e-06 ***      
                fesisMaine.2011               0.585774  0.167770  3.4915 0.0005034 ***      
                fesisMississippi.2004        -1.403108  0.202025 -6.9452 7.208e-12 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2012            0.729869  0.168287  4.3370 1.606e-05 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012             -0.671060  0.175087 -3.8327 0.0001355 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004             -0.785767  0.200982 -3.9096 9.933e-05 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2005        -0.773268  0.189315 -4.0846 4.807e-05 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008       0.846891  0.166714  5.0799 4.586e-07 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008         1.162928  0.182541  6.3708 2.989e-10 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2019        -1.645784  0.378704 -4.3458 1.545e-05 ***      
                fesisTennessee.2005           0.627480  0.185694  3.3791 0.0007583 ***      
                fesisWestVirginia.2013       -0.705920  0.171314 -4.1206 4.125e-05 ***      
                fesisWyoming.2003            -0.814554  0.232646 -3.5013 0.0004857 ***      
                fesisWyoming.2017            -0.923053  0.231541 -3.9866 7.243e-05 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df p-value        
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   4.3139  1 0.03780 *      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 3.0076  1 0.08287 .      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.35456      
                R-squared           0.94493      
                Log-lik.(n=1020) -332.70320      
us_q20

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q20 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 01:33:59 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 900       
                Sample: 1 to 900       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                  coef std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                          0.545655  1.565540  0.3485 0.7275266          
                lpop                          0.541752  0.466027  1.1625 0.2453868          
                lgdp_sq                      -0.015571  0.059408 -0.2621 0.7933123          
                avg_temp                      0.019399  0.014077  1.3781 0.1685758          
                idArizona                     1.548850  0.163240  9.4882 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                   -1.032151  0.250184 -4.1256 4.090e-05 ***      
                idCalifornia                  2.668266  0.827141  3.2259 0.0013074 **       
                idColorado                    2.277945  0.291506  7.8144 1.758e-14 ***      
                idConnecticut                 3.097573  0.310642  9.9715 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                    2.816556  0.668118  4.2157 2.778e-05 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia          1.317225  0.872659  1.5094 0.1315861          
                idFlorida                     1.014415  0.542269  1.8707 0.0617576 .        
                idGeorgia                     0.955888  0.303179  3.1529 0.0016777 **       
                idHawaii                     -0.632897  0.636644 -0.9941 0.3204711          
                idIdaho                       1.246332  0.546399  2.2810 0.0228140 *        
                idIllinois                    1.646716  0.451305  3.6488 0.0002808 ***      
                idIndiana                     0.938663  0.238102  3.9423 8.786e-05 ***      
                idIowa                        0.586609  0.292994  2.0021 0.0456129 *        
                idKansas                      0.202760  0.252168  0.8041 0.4215979          
                idKentucky                    0.161303  0.154029  1.0472 0.2953173          
                idLouisiana                  -0.087286  0.174028 -0.5016 0.6161146          
                idMaine                       1.347483  0.608068  2.2160 0.0269750 *        
                idMaryland                    1.269230  0.217513  5.8352 7.833e-09 ***      
                idMassachusetts               2.838735  0.324769  8.7408 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                    2.211420  0.405878  5.4485 6.789e-08 ***      
                idMinnesota                   2.254678  0.349523  6.4507 1.937e-10 ***      
                idMissouri                    0.654952  0.193342  3.3875 0.0007401 ***      
                idNebraska                    0.115240  0.431015  0.2674 0.7892541          
                idNevada                      1.578865  0.327618  4.8192 1.728e-06 ***      
                idNewHampshire                2.156924  0.573805  3.7590 0.0001832 ***      
                idNewJersey                   1.746503  0.339494  5.1444 3.386e-07 ***      
                idNewMexico                   1.774863  0.370865  4.7857 2.033e-06 ***      
                idNewYork                     2.416002  0.648740  3.7241 0.0002099 ***      
                idNorthCarolina               1.619075  0.299542  5.4052 8.577e-08 ***      
                idOhio                        2.007164  0.407001  4.9316 9.943e-07 ***      
                idOklahoma                    0.591232  0.149394  3.9575 8.254e-05 ***      
                idOregon                      2.571875  0.298306  8.6216 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                2.029185  0.453408  4.4754 8.746e-06 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                 2.219075  0.621479  3.5706 0.0003776 ***      
                idSouthCarolina               1.191789  0.144375  8.2548 6.354e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota                 0.322603  0.776533  0.4154 0.6779325          
                idTennessee                   0.123685  0.220340  0.5613 0.5747257          
                idTexas                       1.391700  0.660181  2.1081 0.0353401 *        
                idUtah                        1.452319  0.318406  4.5612 5.892e-06 ***      
                idVermont                     1.589273  0.893839  1.7780 0.0757829 .        
                idVirginia                    1.367020  0.282894  4.8323 1.621e-06 ***      
                idWashington                  1.939334  0.324412  5.9780 3.417e-09 ***      
                idWisconsin                   1.899027  0.314922  6.0301 2.512e-09 ***      
                time2000                     -8.823877 10.434138 -0.8457 0.3979905          
                time2001                     -8.821581 10.436973 -0.8452 0.3982413          
                time2002                     -8.637808 10.440944 -0.8273 0.4083157          
                time2003                     -8.597340 10.443670 -0.8232 0.4106364          
                time2004                     -8.533923 10.449983 -0.8166 0.4143774          
                time2005                     -8.319646 10.456132 -0.7957 0.4264617          
                time2006                     -8.243414 10.461473 -0.7880 0.4309455          
                time2007                     -8.015629 10.461861 -0.7662 0.4438001          
                time2008                     -7.956718 10.458726 -0.7608 0.4470193          
                time2009                     -7.719248 10.455831 -0.7383 0.4605681          
                time2010                     -7.726750 10.460846 -0.7386 0.4603476          
                time2011                     -7.790675 10.463102 -0.7446 0.4567434          
                time2012                     -7.851102 10.467506 -0.7500 0.4534505          
                time2013                     -7.873512 10.461932 -0.7526 0.4519221          
                time2014                     -8.166757 10.463861 -0.7805 0.4353462          
                time2015                     -8.165158 10.470439 -0.7798 0.4357244          
                time2016                     -8.228686 10.472793 -0.7857 0.4322667          
                time2017                     -8.255575 10.473342 -0.7882 0.4307887          
                time2018                     -8.230239 10.473574 -0.7858 0.4322141          
                time2019                     -8.363761 10.475111 -0.7984 0.4248541          
                iis3                         -1.255156  0.338926 -3.7033 0.0002276 ***      
                iis5                         -1.169024  0.339291 -3.4455 0.0006001 ***      
                iis11                        -1.207194  0.339313 -3.5578 0.0003963 ***      
                iis18                        -1.462869  0.339080 -4.3142 1.804e-05 ***      
                iis42                         2.108766  0.351645  5.9969 3.058e-09 ***      
                iis46                         1.589364  0.351642  4.5198 7.135e-06 ***      
                iis53                         1.062946  0.346562  3.0671 0.0022350 **       
                iis145                       -1.329896  0.351795 -3.7803 0.0001684 ***      
                iis216                       -2.048843  0.402573 -5.0894 4.492e-07 ***      
                iis218                       -1.957627  0.402798 -4.8601 1.415e-06 ***      
                iis219                       -2.243125  0.402701 -5.5702 3.488e-08 ***      
                iis327                       -1.400812  0.337385 -4.1520 3.654e-05 ***      
                iis361                       -1.266387  0.339508 -3.7301 0.0002051 ***      
                iis365                       -1.443099  0.339643 -4.2489 2.404e-05 ***      
                iis371                       -1.196255  0.340715 -3.5110 0.0004717 ***      
                iis462                       -1.342357  0.337935 -3.9722 7.770e-05 ***      
                iis489                       -1.102152  0.345330 -3.1916 0.0014708 **       
                iis491                       -1.002786  0.345836 -2.8996 0.0038399 **       
                iis519                       -0.926830  0.351772 -2.6347 0.0085848 **       
                iis745                        1.698621  0.351663  4.8303 1.637e-06 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2009            0.926876  0.166608  5.5632 3.626e-08 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2019           -1.306820  0.346859 -3.7676 0.0001771 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009        -0.644723  0.150946 -4.2712 2.180e-05 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014           -0.887766  0.166736 -5.3244 1.321e-07 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -1.227239  0.229202 -5.3544 1.126e-07 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2011  1.448327  0.223534  6.4792 1.620e-10 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2001              1.392561  0.349329  3.9864 7.329e-05 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2009             -0.716869  0.178976 -4.0054 6.775e-05 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2015              0.793235  0.269055  2.9482 0.0032901 **       
                fesisLouisiana.2011          -0.842319  0.193430 -4.3546 1.508e-05 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015           1.069962  0.222040  4.8188 1.732e-06 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2012            0.613243  0.162628  3.7708 0.0001748 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012             -0.621978  0.167904 -3.7044 0.0002266 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004             -0.792506  0.185684 -4.2680 2.211e-05 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2005        -0.776220  0.174196 -4.4560 9.554e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008       0.804317  0.153255  5.2482 1.974e-07 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008         1.761394  0.234795  7.5018 1.693e-13 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2011        -0.749737  0.225522 -3.3245 0.0009267 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2019        -1.534878  0.352329 -4.3564 1.496e-05 ***      
                fesisTennessee.2005           0.622075  0.170350  3.6517 0.0002776 ***      
                fesisUtah.2016               -0.620638  0.193288 -3.2110 0.0013764 **       
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                    Chi-sq df  p-value         
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.086823  1 0.768255         
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 7.027384  1 0.008027 **      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.32492      
                R-squared           0.94373      
                Log-lik.(n=900)  -210.77634      
us_q30

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 01:37:34 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 720       
                Sample: 1 to 720       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                              coef  std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                    -3.2265775  1.5034650 -2.1461 0.0322414 *        
                lpop                     1.1098592  0.4435440  2.5023 0.0125893 *        
                lgdp_sq                  0.1210612  0.0561435  2.1563 0.0314342 *        
                avg_temp                 0.0023125  0.0131084  0.1764 0.8600221          
                idCalifornia             0.2314572  0.6562908  0.3527 0.7244485          
                idColorado               0.6139477  0.2319617  2.6468 0.0083269 **       
                idConnecticut            1.6144017  0.2856757  5.6512 2.402e-08 ***      
                idDelaware               1.4619007  0.6689347  2.1854 0.0292207 *        
                idDistrictofColumbia     0.6814796  0.8529120  0.7990 0.4245853          
                idFlorida               -0.7541516  0.3984538 -1.8927 0.0588501 .        
                idGeorgia               -0.6254202  0.1739614 -3.5952 0.0003492 ***      
                idIdaho                 -0.6005584  0.5401677 -1.1118 0.2666423          
                idIllinois              -0.2288908  0.2988987 -0.7658 0.4440897          
                idIndiana               -0.7363954  0.1465048 -5.0264 6.497e-07 ***      
                idIowa                  -1.7173748  0.3392680 -5.0620 5.432e-07 ***      
                idKentucky              -1.3721726  0.1670130 -8.2160 1.171e-15 ***      
                idMaryland              -0.2709405  0.1396888 -1.9396 0.0528679 .        
                idMassachusetts          1.1849881  0.2214719  5.3505 1.224e-07 ***      
                idMichigan               0.2719952  0.2799967  0.9714 0.3317054          
                idMinnesota              0.5018501  0.2791409  1.7978 0.0726746 .        
                idMissouri              -0.9543795  0.1185050 -8.0535 3.947e-15 ***      
                idNevada                 0.1135812  0.3485834  0.3258 0.7446548          
                idNewHampshire           0.4489770  0.5688514  0.7893 0.4302473          
                idNewJersey              0.0583477  0.2046299  0.2851 0.7756309          
                idNewMexico              0.1732905  0.4001455  0.4331 0.6651111          
                idNewYork                0.5421310  0.5037207  1.0763 0.2822203          
                idNorthCarolina         -0.0407769  0.1650470 -0.2471 0.8049394          
                idOhio                   0.1379659  0.2634939  0.5236 0.6007370          
                idOklahoma              -0.8873402  0.1929166 -4.5996 5.105e-06 ***      
                idOregon                 0.8212503  0.2807108  2.9256 0.0035598 **       
                idPennsylvania           0.0901033  0.3061055  0.2944 0.7685833          
                idRhodeIsland            0.4476467  0.6107981  0.7329 0.4638954          
                idSouthCarolina         -0.3237737  0.1668240 -1.9408 0.0527207 .        
                idTennessee             -0.8752349  0.0960463 -9.1126 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                 -0.6392234  0.4985960 -1.2820 0.2002912          
                idUtah                  -0.2518036  0.3274795 -0.7689 0.4422283          
                idVirginia              -0.2084241  0.1566750 -1.3303 0.1838954          
                idWashington             0.2252292  0.2227368  1.0112 0.3123084          
                idWisconsin             -0.0175593  0.2428848 -0.0723 0.9423899          
                time2000                14.5796840  9.5643165  1.5244 0.1279077          
                time2001                14.6913333  9.5679456  1.5355 0.1251624          
                time2002                14.8278465  9.5682855  1.5497 0.1217118          
                time2003                14.8128646  9.5701106  1.5478 0.1221593          
                time2004                14.8844374  9.5756645  1.5544 0.1205835          
                time2005                15.0998658  9.5803903  1.5761 0.1154926          
                time2006                15.2972301  9.5846090  1.5960 0.1109787          
                time2007                15.3881391  9.5848125  1.6055 0.1088842          
                time2008                15.4934126  9.5823900  1.6169 0.1064014          
                time2009                15.6577495  9.5791724  1.6346 0.1026334          
                time2010                15.6842672  9.5828748  1.6367 0.1021861          
                time2011                15.6438563  9.5848454  1.6321 0.1031416          
                time2012                15.5968140  9.5891282  1.6265 0.1043342          
                time2013                15.5553605  9.5844149  1.6230 0.1050858          
                time2014                15.2204151  9.5863864  1.5877 0.1128463          
                time2015                15.2899117  9.5919635  1.5940 0.1114230          
                time2016                15.1515226  9.5944892  1.5792 0.1147873          
                time2017                15.1409180  9.5948501  1.5780 0.1150546          
                time2018                15.1982267  9.5952664  1.5839 0.1137045          
                time2019                15.0545124  9.5956608  1.5689 0.1171692          
                iis105                  -1.4471156  0.2859859 -5.0601 5.485e-07 ***      
                iis109                  -1.9026099  0.2874865 -6.6181 7.709e-11 ***      
                iis110                  -0.9610283  0.2871811 -3.3464 0.0008666 ***      
                iis111                  -1.0327662  0.2871125 -3.5971 0.0003467 ***      
                iis162                  -1.2320755  0.2888787 -4.2650 2.301e-05 ***      
                iis242                  -1.0833072  0.2851945 -3.7985 0.0001595 ***      
                iis247                  -1.5510721  0.2845291 -5.4514 7.147e-08 ***      
                iis342                  -1.4321802  0.2849617 -5.0259 6.515e-07 ***      
                iis379                  -0.9755028  0.2921776 -3.3387 0.0008905 ***      
                iis601                  -1.1234489  0.2844618 -3.9494 8.707e-05 ***      
                iis604                  -1.1781446  0.2845216 -4.1408 3.926e-05 ***      
                iis662                  -1.1068077  0.2846694 -3.8880 0.0001116 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009   -0.5958659  0.1275696 -4.6709 3.658e-06 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014      -0.8662542  0.1411215 -6.1384 1.464e-09 ***      
                fesisIowa.2002           0.7736519  0.2116221  3.6558 0.0002774 ***      
                fesisNevada.2010        -0.6501524  0.1396526 -4.6555 3.932e-06 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2005       -0.4624819  0.1483015 -3.1185 0.0018993 **       
                fesisOregon.2004        -0.7061211  0.1571513 -4.4933 8.326e-06 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2005   -0.6635187  0.1489014 -4.4561 9.855e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008  0.8306243  0.1287795  6.4500 2.209e-10 ***      
                fesisUtah.2019          -1.0597592  0.2895460 -3.6601 0.0002730 ***      
                fesisWisconsin.2014      0.4548084  0.1368754  3.3228 0.0009421 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                     Chi-sq df p-value        
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.0069745  1 0.93344        
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 3.6247026  1 0.05693 .      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                
                SE of regression   0.27283      
                R-squared          0.94355      
                Log-lik.(n=720)  -45.92762      

Log Patent Count

0.01

us_all

                Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_all (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 01:25:50 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 1020       
                Sample: 1 to 1020       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                   coef  std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                         -1.4288604  0.9403339 -1.5195 0.1289782          
                lpop                          0.6484109  0.3983794  1.6276 0.1039517          
                lgdp_sq                       0.0576976  0.0405903  1.4215 0.1555251          
                avg_temp                      0.0092358  0.0114876  0.8040 0.4216225          
                idAlaska                      0.8298135  0.7741305  1.0719 0.2840361          
                idArizona                     1.5490371  0.1362134 11.3721 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                   -0.1743173  0.2212878 -0.7877 0.4310540          
                idCalifornia                  2.3936205  0.7290360  3.2833 0.0010653 **       
                idColorado                    2.1423187  0.2316391  9.2485 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                 2.9574919  0.2500785 11.8263 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                    2.6029742  0.5846308  4.4523 9.549e-06 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia          1.2804279  0.7666010  1.6703 0.0952109 .        
                idFlorida                     1.0535843  0.4728635  2.2281 0.0261182 *        
                idGeorgia                     1.0111106  0.2544283  3.9740 7.626e-05 ***      
                idHawaii                     -0.1047647  0.5529834 -0.1895 0.8497797          
                idIdaho                       1.0261454  0.4436981  2.3127 0.0209611 *        
                idIllinois                    1.5353344  0.3797771  4.0427 5.731e-05 ***      
                idIndiana                     0.9157987  0.1934386  4.7343 2.548e-06 ***      
                idIowa                        0.6251718  0.2469918  2.5311 0.0115367 *        
                idKansas                      0.3590626  0.2178499  1.6482 0.0996549 .        
                idKentucky                    0.2894969  0.1293750  2.2377 0.0254850 *        
                idLouisiana                   0.1911320  0.1407151  1.3583 0.1747085          
                idMaine                       0.7242756  0.4934484  1.4678 0.1425088          
                idMaryland                    1.2665532  0.1679466  7.5414 1.126e-13 ***      
                idMassachusetts               2.7204397  0.2529245 10.7559 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                    2.0282924  0.3399446  5.9665 3.469e-09 ***      
                idMinnesota                   2.0748805  0.2792764  7.4295 2.512e-13 ***      
                idMississippi                 0.4361486  0.2185458  1.9957 0.0462662 *        
                idMissouri                    0.6882617  0.1573070  4.3753 1.353e-05 ***      
                idMontana                     0.5593590  0.5824835  0.9603 0.3371595          
                idNebraska                    0.2109831  0.3695752  0.5709 0.5682221          
                idNevada                      1.5382712  0.2877604  5.3457 1.140e-07 ***      
                idNewHampshire                1.8709829  0.4868460  3.8431 0.0001300 ***      
                idNewJersey                   1.6825547  0.2738703  6.1436 1.205e-09 ***      
                idNewMexico                   1.6192146  0.3126739  5.1786 2.753e-07 ***      
                idNewYork                     2.1472285  0.5543630  3.8733 0.0001151 ***      
                idNorthCarolina               1.5980380  0.2518082  6.3463 3.477e-10 ***      
                idNorthDakota                 0.5875167  0.7002550  0.8390 0.4016877          
                idOhio                        1.8833930  0.3439272  5.4761 5.627e-08 ***      
                idOklahoma                    0.6809757  0.1291988  5.2708 1.698e-07 ***      
                idOregon                      2.3348956  0.2532501  9.2197 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                1.8772716  0.3832016  4.8989 1.141e-06 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                 1.9088205  0.5211528  3.6627 0.0002640 ***      
                idSouthCarolina               1.1998722  0.1272481  9.4294 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota                 0.3127357  0.6362150  0.4916 0.6231515          
                idTennessee                   0.3129763  0.1872052  1.6718 0.0949009 .        
                idTexas                       1.3011509  0.5777819  2.2520 0.0245618 *        
                idUtah                        1.2391654  0.2625410  4.7199 2.731e-06 ***      
                idVermont                     1.2143856  0.7261320  1.6724 0.0947889 .        
                idVirginia                    1.3516466  0.2279176  5.9304 4.290e-09 ***      
                idWashington                  1.8214009  0.2570793  7.0850 2.787e-12 ***      
                idWestVirginia                0.2179493  0.3450319  0.6317 0.5277556          
                idWisconsin                   1.7393052  0.2548260  6.8255 1.600e-11 ***      
                idWyoming                     1.5092227  0.7904568  1.9093 0.0565374 .        
                time2000                      3.5080702  6.5375286  0.5366 0.5916718          
                time2001                      3.5430584  6.5403134  0.5417 0.5881400          
                time2002                      3.6644025  6.5416390  0.5602 0.5755044          
                time2003                      3.7427773  6.5411466  0.5722 0.5673349          
                time2004                      3.7262048  6.5424093  0.5695 0.5691262          
                time2005                      3.9777803  6.5435369  0.6079 0.5434093          
                time2006                      4.1225412  6.5461091  0.6298 0.5290035          
                time2007                      4.2741985  6.5458123  0.6530 0.5139427          
                time2008                      4.3487827  6.5443986  0.6645 0.5065360          
                time2009                      4.4956970  6.5474780  0.6866 0.4924908          
                time2010                      4.4724812  6.5493500  0.6829 0.4948508          
                time2011                      4.4773158  6.5507497  0.6835 0.4944769          
                time2012                      4.4048031  6.5545150  0.6720 0.5017380          
                time2013                      4.3583807  6.5492735  0.6655 0.5059153          
                time2014                      4.1213498  6.5484317  0.6294 0.5292687          
                time2015                      4.1294069  6.5522307  0.6302 0.5287031          
                time2016                      4.0322657  6.5540102  0.6152 0.5385526          
                time2017                      3.9922425  6.5529731  0.6092 0.5425268          
                time2018                      4.0272985  6.5507047  0.6148 0.5388482          
                time2019                      3.9315908  6.5492540  0.6003 0.5484485          
                iis62                         1.2024154  0.3287822  3.6572 0.0002697 ***      
                iis73                         0.8612723  0.3164060  2.7220 0.0066120 **       
                iis169                       -1.1758375  0.3139605 -3.7452 0.0001916 ***      
                iis236                       -1.6187385  0.3675136 -4.4046 1.186e-05 ***      
                iis238                       -1.4731561  0.3676055 -4.0074 6.641e-05 ***      
                iis239                       -1.7340959  0.3675526 -4.7180 2.757e-06 ***      
                iis347                       -1.1187737  0.3080144 -3.6322 0.0002967 ***      
                iis502                       -0.9904151  0.3083674 -3.2118 0.0013654 **       
                iis549                       -0.8398296  0.3137815 -2.6765 0.0075740 **       
                iis825                        1.3735470  0.3207704  4.2820 2.049e-05 ***      
                iis830                        0.8454226  0.3152471  2.6818 0.0074560 **       
                fesisAlaska.2007             -0.9753217  0.1639356 -5.9494 3.837e-09 ***      
                fesisAlaska.2014              0.5310895  0.1738390  3.0551 0.0023158 **       
                fesisArkansas.2006           -0.6995530  0.2193098 -3.1898 0.0014725 **       
                fesisArkansas.2009            0.9605993  0.2004687  4.7918 1.930e-06 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2019           -0.9623715  0.3165892 -3.0398 0.0024351 **       
                fesisConnecticut.2009        -0.5644644  0.1373251 -4.1104 4.306e-05 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014           -0.7907720  0.1511523 -5.2316 2.087e-07 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012  0.4971102  0.1434084  3.4664 0.0005522 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2001              1.0202734  0.3184360  3.2040 0.0014025 **       
                fesisHawaii.2009             -0.6016727  0.1627587 -3.6967 0.0002315 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2015              0.7345754  0.2453668  2.9938 0.0028300 **       
                fesisLouisiana.2011          -0.7137073  0.1763608 -4.0469 5.632e-05 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015           0.9054736  0.2021608  4.4790 8.455e-06 ***      
                fesisMaine.2011               0.5038598  0.1376862  3.6595 0.0002673 ***      
                fesisMississippi.2004        -1.1359771  0.1692425 -6.7121 3.373e-11 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2012            0.5705698  0.1409818  4.0471 5.626e-05 ***      
                fesisNevada.2010             -0.6236339  0.1454497 -4.2876 1.999e-05 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004             -0.6857386  0.1683974 -4.0721 5.064e-05 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2005        -0.6564222  0.1586060 -4.1387 3.817e-05 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008       0.7905994  0.1397771  5.6561 2.073e-08 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008         0.8975940  0.1529208  5.8697 6.115e-09 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2019        -1.2412486  0.3173118 -3.9118 9.845e-05 ***      
                fesisTennessee.2005           0.4737091  0.1555940  3.0445 0.0023976 **       
                fesisWestVirginia.2013       -0.5139368  0.1435339 -3.5806 0.0003610 ***      
                fesisWyoming.2005            -0.5224067  0.1647111 -3.1717 0.0015666 **       
                fesisWyoming.2017            -0.6616481  0.1968069 -3.3619 0.0008063 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df p-value        
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   2.7228  1 0.09893 .      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 1.2383  1 0.26579        
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.29705      
                R-squared           0.94923      
                Log-lik.(n=1020) -153.68443      
us_q20

                Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q20 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 01:24:18 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 900       
                Sample: 1 to 900       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                             coef std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                    -0.918991  1.352177 -0.6796 0.4969316          
                lpop                     0.906452  0.410207  2.2097 0.0274074 *        
                lgdp_sq                  0.034133  0.051215  0.6665 0.5053059          
                avg_temp                 0.013745  0.012180  1.1285 0.2594367          
                idArizona                1.512820  0.138950 10.8875 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas              -0.053251  0.225575 -0.2361 0.8134413          
                idCalifornia             2.170630  0.729305  2.9763 0.0030060 **       
                idColorado               2.234080  0.249348  8.9597 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut            3.120297  0.266362 11.7145 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware               3.039139  0.578057  5.2575 1.878e-07 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia     2.161022  0.744453  2.9028 0.0038003 **       
                idFlorida                0.803679  0.474094  1.6952 0.0904307 .        
                idGeorgia                0.902441  0.263790  3.4211 0.0006556 ***      
                idHawaii                 0.150230  0.555421  0.2705 0.7868618          
                idIdaho                  1.365476  0.468743  2.9131 0.0036793 **       
                idIllinois               1.454179  0.395072  3.6808 0.0002482 ***      
                idIndiana                0.921464  0.204630  4.5031 7.700e-06 ***      
                idIowa                   0.795898  0.249453  3.1906 0.0014757 **       
                idKansas                 0.513083  0.215182  2.3844 0.0173399 *        
                idKentucky               0.339668  0.129137  2.6303 0.0086964 **       
                idLouisiana              0.206772  0.150116  1.3774 0.1687721          
                idMaine                  1.115506  0.515147  2.1654 0.0306528 *        
                idMaryland               1.292880  0.186621  6.9278 8.828e-12 ***      
                idMassachusetts          2.768336  0.280676  9.8631 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan               1.988530  0.353472  5.6257 2.560e-08 ***      
                idMinnesota              2.177299  0.299837  7.2616 9.124e-13 ***      
                idMissouri               0.694254  0.165013  4.2073 2.879e-05 ***      
                idNebraska               0.568168  0.369473  1.5378 0.1245004          
                idNevada                 1.756499  0.284966  6.1639 1.128e-09 ***      
                idNewHampshire           2.251157  0.492485  4.5710 5.626e-06 ***      
                idNewJersey              1.656390  0.295643  5.6027 2.910e-08 ***      
                idNewMexico              1.847310  0.318577  5.7986 9.643e-09 ***      
                idNewYork                2.067414  0.569804  3.6283 0.0003035 ***      
                idNorthCarolina          1.510054  0.260604  5.7944 9.877e-09 ***      
                idOhio                   1.801463  0.355503  5.0674 5.020e-07 ***      
                idOklahoma               0.750113  0.125580  5.9732 3.507e-09 ***      
                idOregon                 2.470359  0.254858  9.6931 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania           1.797734  0.396468  4.5344 6.667e-06 ***      
                idRhodeIsland            2.314207  0.533966  4.3340 1.652e-05 ***      
                idSouthCarolina          1.228188  0.121773 10.0859 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota            0.826795  0.666526  1.2405 0.2151734          
                idTennessee              0.341706  0.182027  1.8772 0.0608522 .        
                idTexas                  1.076221  0.580584  1.8537 0.0641541 .        
                idUtah                   1.531308  0.271593  5.6382 2.387e-08 ***      
                idVermont                1.797720  0.767543  2.3422 0.0194176 *        
                idVirginia               1.367527  0.245964  5.5599 3.688e-08 ***      
                idWashington             1.864328  0.279971  6.6590 5.141e-11 ***      
                idWisconsin              1.808729  0.270381  6.6896 4.221e-11 ***      
                time2000                -1.687160  8.933566 -0.1889 0.8502537          
                time2001                -1.624247  8.935802 -0.1818 0.8558108          
                time2002                -1.522298  8.939390 -0.1703 0.8648246          
                time2003                -1.468586  8.942000 -0.1642 0.8695882          
                time2004                -1.449982  8.948009 -0.1620 0.8713114          
                time2005                -1.177310  8.952960 -0.1315 0.8954134          
                time2006                -1.116480  8.957167 -0.1246 0.9008349          
                time2007                -0.926742  8.957589 -0.1035 0.9176249          
                time2008                -0.856059  8.955393 -0.0956 0.9238692          
                time2009                -0.680689  8.952870 -0.0760 0.9394141          
                time2010                -0.707619  8.956858 -0.0790 0.9370501          
                time2011                -0.725080  8.959259 -0.0809 0.9355173          
                time2012                -0.788266  8.963022 -0.0879 0.9299414          
                time2013                -0.818221  8.958613 -0.0913 0.9272507          
                time2014                -1.080875  8.960397 -0.1206 0.9040162          
                time2015                -1.072887  8.965857 -0.1197 0.9047798          
                time2016                -1.137171  8.967787 -0.1268 0.8991259          
                time2017                -1.183530  8.968317 -0.1320 0.8950430          
                time2018                -1.134073  8.968675 -0.1264 0.8994091          
                time2019                -1.251579  8.970165 -0.1395 0.8890691          
                iis42                    1.184686  0.314909  3.7620 0.0001809 ***      
                iis53                    0.859999  0.302843  2.8398 0.0046301 **       
                iis145                  -1.001615  0.296897 -3.3736 0.0007778 ***      
                iis149                  -1.494127  0.297899 -5.0155 6.526e-07 ***      
                iis150                  -0.854642  0.297477 -2.8730 0.0041747 **       
                iis151                  -0.889435  0.297450 -2.9902 0.0028739 **       
                iis216                  -0.881076  0.310383 -2.8387 0.0046457 **       
                iis218                  -1.472334  0.351927 -4.1836 3.188e-05 ***      
                iis219                  -1.749591  0.351906 -4.9717 8.131e-07 ***      
                iis327                  -1.060832  0.294844 -3.5979 0.0003406 ***      
                iis462                  -1.008719  0.295446 -3.4142 0.0006720 ***      
                iis489                  -0.889563  0.301828 -2.9473 0.0032999 **       
                iis491                  -0.784154  0.302073 -2.5959 0.0096082 **       
                iis519                  -0.804425  0.303328 -2.6520 0.0081612 **       
                iis745                   1.357113  0.307131  4.4187 1.131e-05 ***      
                iis842                  -0.941348  0.295261 -3.1882 0.0014877 **       
                fesisArkansas.2006      -0.678641  0.209957 -3.2323 0.0012786 **       
                fesisArkansas.2009       0.920368  0.191925  4.7955 1.938e-06 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2019      -0.965659  0.303104 -3.1859 0.0014994 **       
                fesisConnecticut.2009   -0.581772  0.132062 -4.4053 1.201e-05 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014      -0.827765  0.145757 -5.6791 1.899e-08 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2001         1.003103  0.305161  3.2871 0.0010566 **       
                fesisHawaii.2009        -0.622655  0.156328 -3.9830 7.429e-05 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2016         0.712852  0.235098  3.0322 0.0025070 **       
                fesisLouisiana.2011     -0.716556  0.169181 -4.2355 2.548e-05 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015      0.881514  0.194023  4.5433 6.396e-06 ***      
                fesisMaine.2011          0.493243  0.132176  3.7317 0.0002037 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2012       0.481333  0.141978  3.3902 0.0007329 ***      
                fesisNevada.2010        -0.596223  0.143633 -4.1510 3.667e-05 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004        -0.702289  0.162141 -4.3313 1.672e-05 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2005   -0.658815  0.152297 -4.3258 1.713e-05 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008  0.755276  0.133837  5.6433 2.321e-08 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008    1.380057  0.205002  6.7319 3.206e-11 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2011   -0.597144  0.196891 -3.0329 0.0025012 **       
                fesisSouthDakota.2019   -1.157716  0.307918 -3.7598 0.0001825 ***      
                fesisTennessee.2006      0.436110  0.140725  3.0990 0.0020100 **       
                fesisUtah.2016          -0.519137  0.168500 -3.0809 0.0021346 **       
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value        
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.22091  1 0.63834        
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 2.92007  1 0.08748 .      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                
                SE of regression   0.28393      
                R-squared          0.94558      
                Log-lik.(n=900)  -91.43176      
us_q30

                Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 01:28:00 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 720       
                Sample: 1 to 720       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                               coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                    -3.87183601  1.33710748 -2.8957 0.0039124 **       
                lpop                     0.89955545  0.39398348  2.2832 0.0227437 *        
                lgdp_sq                  0.14585573  0.05018996  2.9061 0.0037865 **       
                avg_temp                 0.00065794  0.01189470  0.0553 0.9559057          
                idCalifornia             0.50088495  0.59067851  0.8480 0.3967648          
                idColorado               0.53002841  0.20909064  2.5349 0.0114843 *        
                idConnecticut            1.43414851  0.25555736  5.6118 2.983e-08 ***      
                idDelaware               0.95608226  0.60180144  1.5887 0.1126219          
                idDistrictofColumbia     0.33624351  0.76191060  0.4413 0.6591331          
                idFlorida               -0.52539442  0.35851610 -1.4655 0.1432840          
                idGeorgia               -0.51307957  0.15706664 -3.2666 0.0011465 **       
                idIdaho                 -0.84594232  0.48774013 -1.7344 0.0833265 .        
                idIllinois              -0.11285844  0.27007064 -0.4179 0.6761715          
                idIndiana               -0.68870801  0.13263560 -5.1925 2.791e-07 ***      
                idIowa                  -1.01887695  0.26972181 -3.7775 0.0001732 ***      
                idKentucky              -1.32456802  0.14993158 -8.8345 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMaryland              -0.27097760  0.12527240 -2.1631 0.0309025 *        
                idMassachusetts          1.14436898  0.19928419  5.7424 1.443e-08 ***      
                idMichigan               0.32454606  0.25356614  1.2799 0.2010347          
                idMinnesota              0.42332351  0.25218214  1.6786 0.0937100 .        
                idMissouri              -0.89357751  0.10714276 -8.3401 4.557e-16 ***      
                idNevada                -0.07450347  0.31361708 -0.2376 0.8122969          
                idNewHampshire           0.06860170  0.51288212  0.1338 0.8936366          
                idNewJersey              0.10671673  0.18473910  0.5777 0.5636956          
                idNewMexico             -0.08939918  0.36092091 -0.2477 0.8044480          
                idNewYork                0.68184429  0.45498618  1.4986 0.1344694          
                idNorthCarolina          0.03190199  0.14901847  0.2141 0.8305523          
                idOhio                   0.22815965  0.23812894  0.9581 0.3383565          
                idOklahoma              -0.88526442  0.17391487 -5.0902 4.708e-07 ***      
                idOregon                 0.02521433  0.22733510  0.1109 0.9117204          
                idPennsylvania           0.19386893  0.27669203  0.7007 0.4837656          
                idRhodeIsland            0.03972407  0.55102443  0.0721 0.9425518          
                idSouthCarolina         -0.36060029  0.15071616 -2.3926 0.0170178 *        
                idTennessee             -0.80756543  0.08686121 -9.2972 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                 -0.39659094  0.44896245 -0.8833 0.3773789          
                idUtah                  -0.39655136  0.29535520 -1.3426 0.1798693          
                idVirginia              -0.15897306  0.14141229 -1.1242 0.2613575          
                idWashington             0.21116987  0.20109889  1.0501 0.2940778          
                idWisconsin             -0.05456625  0.21998479 -0.2480 0.8041787          
                time2000                20.11572953  8.55561595  2.3512 0.0190167 *        
                time2001                20.19005985  8.55877702  2.3590 0.0186243 *        
                time2002                20.32060494  8.56034145  2.3738 0.0178999 *        
                time2003                20.31869878  8.56163500  2.3732 0.0179278 *        
                time2004                20.39390407  8.56671472  2.3806 0.0175763 *        
                time2005                20.59662741  8.57092445  2.4031 0.0165412 *        
                time2006                20.77859652  8.57471957  2.4232 0.0156591 *        
                time2007                20.86689804  8.57486707  2.4335 0.0152265 *        
                time2008                20.96926702  8.57272465  2.4460 0.0147115 *        
                time2009                21.12017210  8.57011677  2.4644 0.0139861 *        
                time2010                21.14990866  8.57341970  2.4669 0.0138890 *        
                time2011                21.11065799  8.57515918  2.4618 0.0140853 *        
                time2012                21.06909229  8.57910294  2.4559 0.0143194 *        
                time2013                21.02899876  8.57468058  2.4525 0.0144545 *        
                time2014                20.72312952  8.57635345  2.4163 0.0159575 *        
                time2015                20.78538374  8.58140126  2.4221 0.0157060 *        
                time2016                20.66007197  8.58370890  2.4069 0.0163711 *        
                time2017                20.65051282  8.58398123  2.4057 0.0164240 *        
                time2018                20.70004906  8.58420323  2.4114 0.0161715 *        
                time2019                20.57446736  8.58445737  2.3967 0.0168288 *        
                iis105                  -1.06002154  0.25865890 -4.0981 4.700e-05 ***      
                iis109                  -1.49562521  0.25994939 -5.7535 1.355e-08 ***      
                iis110                  -0.84763893  0.25965870 -3.2644 0.0011553 **       
                iis111                  -0.90423160  0.25959542 -3.4832 0.0005292 ***      
                iis162                  -0.85560512  0.26086080 -3.2799 0.0010947 **       
                iis247                  -1.12455628  0.25697743 -4.3761 1.411e-05 ***      
                iis342                  -1.00830387  0.25754854 -3.9150 0.0001001 ***      
                iis379                  -0.76463630  0.26426913 -2.8934 0.0039406 **       
                iis523                   1.12083895  0.25817673  4.3414 1.646e-05 ***      
                iis524                   0.83645408  0.25871235  3.2331 0.0012873 **       
                iis601                  -0.82648775  0.25721550 -3.2132 0.0013785 **       
                iis604                  -0.89978657  0.25741507 -3.4955 0.0005059 ***      
                iis662                  -0.94621806  0.25732187 -3.6772 0.0002556 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009   -0.57366776  0.11536591 -4.9726 8.496e-07 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014      -0.78909710  0.12755601 -6.1863 1.099e-09 ***      
                fesisNevada.2010        -0.57921768  0.12607609 -4.5942 5.234e-06 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2005       -0.44748155  0.13404300 -3.3383 0.0008917 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2005   -0.60727725  0.13439005 -4.5188 7.409e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008  0.78663472  0.11645607  6.7548 3.218e-11 ***      
                fesisUtah.2019          -0.84414380  0.26176973 -3.2248 0.0013250 **       
                fesisWisconsin.2014      0.42053841  0.12376524  3.3979 0.0007212 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.51109  1  0.4747      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 2.23601  1  0.1348      
                                               
                SE of regression  0.24677      
                R-squared         0.94521      
                Log-lik.(n=720)  25.85228      

Patent Count

0.01

us_all

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_all (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 01:17:01 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 1020       
                Sample: 1 to 1020       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                               coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                    -229.228404   22.847581 -10.0329 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lpop                      15.753916    7.585913   2.0767 0.0381042 *        
                lgdp_sq                    9.170045    0.954832   9.6038 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                avg_temp                   0.033073    0.230008   0.1438 0.8856977          
                idAlaska                   3.857679   15.100128   0.2555 0.7984149          
                idArizona                 14.631058    2.695162   5.4286 7.273e-08 ***      
                idArkansas                 0.163585    3.777398   0.0433 0.9654668          
                idCalifornia             119.177113   15.163807   7.8593 1.080e-14 ***      
                idColorado                19.240379    5.094518   3.7767 0.0001692 ***      
                idConnecticut             41.687482    4.660950   8.9440 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                18.832947   11.099474   1.6967 0.0900847 .        
                idDistrictofColumbia      26.032411   14.260111   1.8255 0.0682446 .        
                idFlorida                 -3.302914    9.156232  -0.3607 0.7183855          
                idGeorgia                  1.225279    5.006670   0.2447 0.8067208          
                idHawaii                   3.226831    8.742498   0.3691 0.7121405          
                idIdaho                   -1.049467    9.034242  -0.1162 0.9075469          
                idIllinois                 5.983977    7.351871   0.8139 0.4158910          
                idIndiana                  3.099528    3.783507   0.8192 0.4128732          
                idIowa                     6.276272    4.906976   1.2791 0.2012027          
                idKansas                   4.966703    4.271031   1.1629 0.2451801          
                idKentucky                 1.562559    2.597862   0.6015 0.5476699          
                idLouisiana                1.702770    2.515111   0.6770 0.4985667          
                idMaine                   -1.207676   10.061056  -0.1200 0.9044820          
                idMaryland                 8.381559    3.379412   2.4802 0.0133101 *        
                idMassachusetts           38.648599    5.448966   7.0928 2.625e-12 ***      
                idMichigan                19.476595    6.883117   2.8296 0.0047621 **       
                idMinnesota               22.856800    5.523270   4.1383 3.821e-05 ***      
                idMississippi             -2.929858    3.697028  -0.7925 0.4282800          
                idMissouri                 1.938377    3.090243   0.6273 0.5306469          
                idMontana                 -8.453098   11.809752  -0.7158 0.4743139          
                idNebraska                 6.096266    7.188317   0.8481 0.3966149          
                idNevada                  10.340081    5.155128   2.0058 0.0451725 *        
                idNewHampshire            10.112354    9.650626   1.0478 0.2949864          
                idNewJersey               13.375669    5.397453   2.4781 0.0133858 *        
                idNewMexico                9.653920    6.191905   1.5591 0.1193131          
                idNewYork                 38.856623   10.745713   3.6160 0.0003155 ***      
                idNorthCarolina           13.724829    4.889454   2.8070 0.0051061 **       
                idNorthDakota            -11.896972   14.294147  -0.8323 0.4054581          
                idOhio                    20.398751    6.591054   3.0949 0.0020284 **       
                idOklahoma                 5.019968    2.558361   1.9622 0.0500435 .        
                idOregon                  16.327140    4.323432   3.7764 0.0001693 ***      
                idPennsylvania            10.907149    7.698165   1.4169 0.1568663          
                idRhodeIsland              1.813804   10.375697   0.1748 0.8612654          
                idSouthCarolina           19.464926    1.914644  10.1663 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota             -4.569296   12.513058  -0.3652 0.7150745          
                idTennessee                2.175525    2.916439   0.7460 0.4558873          
                idTexas                   -1.147390   11.205124  -0.1024 0.9184626          
                idUtah                     9.634933    5.233542   1.8410 0.0659450 .        
                idVermont                -13.754521   14.673889  -0.9373 0.3488270          
                idVirginia                 8.349376    4.495517   1.8573 0.0635936 .        
                idWashington              17.476243    5.065281   3.4502 0.0005857 ***      
                idWestVirginia            -2.620154    7.031499  -0.3726 0.7095092          
                idWisconsin               16.000202    5.022082   3.1860 0.0014915 **       
                idWyoming                 -2.174133   15.160141  -0.1434 0.8859970          
                time2000                1290.988038  156.521775   8.2480 5.557e-16 ***      
                time2001                1291.707978  156.592707   8.2488 5.519e-16 ***      
                time2002                1293.586630  156.631711   8.2588 5.108e-16 ***      
                time2003                1294.102966  156.631993   8.2621 4.979e-16 ***      
                time2004                1295.332385  156.689978   8.2668 4.796e-16 ***      
                time2005                1296.944108  156.755729   8.2737 4.548e-16 ***      
                time2006                1299.057071  156.840331   8.2827 4.239e-16 ***      
                time2007                1300.985418  156.849667   8.2945 3.865e-16 ***      
                time2008                1302.958341  156.821050   8.3086 3.461e-16 ***      
                time2009                1305.476327  156.858332   8.3226 3.100e-16 ***      
                time2010                1306.601621  156.935095   8.3257 3.025e-16 ***      
                time2011                1305.533140  156.972126   8.3170 3.241e-16 ***      
                time2012                1304.176046  157.053646   8.3040 3.587e-16 ***      
                time2013                1303.866517  156.920876   8.3091 3.448e-16 ***      
                time2014                1299.823874  156.948918   8.2818 4.267e-16 ***      
                time2015                1300.243608  157.064463   8.2784 4.382e-16 ***      
                time2016                1297.826299  157.112140   8.2605 5.040e-16 ***      
                time2017                1298.140288  157.094445   8.2634 4.926e-16 ***      
                time2018                1297.818618  157.050997   8.2637 4.917e-16 ***      
                time2019                1296.503538  157.034124   8.2562 5.212e-16 ***      
                iis81                   -111.955896    7.775315 -14.3989 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis82                    -86.213135    7.787286 -11.0710 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis83                    -94.051231    7.766829 -12.1093 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis84                    -93.927128    7.719164 -12.1680 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis85                    -65.554532    7.681389  -8.5342 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis86                    -41.157011    7.637495  -5.3888 9.021e-08 ***      
                iis87                     47.560336    7.596965   6.2604 5.889e-10 ***      
                iis88                     76.951735    7.569850  10.1656 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis89                    124.238713    7.559114  16.4356 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis90                    158.708459    7.586940  20.9186 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis91                    125.818377    7.579503  16.5998 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis92                    115.562346    7.577019  15.2517 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis93                    101.813599    7.553944  13.4782 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis94                     93.573585    7.517727  12.4471 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis95                     34.112831    7.525281   4.5331 6.582e-06 ***      
                iis96                     30.516667    7.467068   4.0868 4.756e-05 ***      
                iis97                     30.130490    7.457527   4.0403 5.786e-05 ***      
                iis429                    31.618001    6.566981   4.8147 1.724e-06 ***      
                iis430                    23.847158    6.568212   3.6307 0.0002983 ***      
                fesisCalifornia.2019     -26.255388    7.453631  -3.5225 0.0004486 ***      
                fesisColorado.2005        11.420890    3.175608   3.5964 0.0003398 ***      
                fesisMassachusetts.2006   28.814261    3.550183   8.1163 1.539e-15 ***      
                fesisMassachusetts.2014  -21.280045    3.532582  -6.0239 2.462e-09 ***      
                fesisMichigan.2009        31.995702    3.725337   8.5887 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                fesisMichigan.2013       -30.054420    3.842525  -7.8215 1.432e-14 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2014        -18.766033    3.114354  -6.0257 2.437e-09 ***      
                fesisNorthDakota.2012     17.308159    3.654016   4.7367 2.515e-06 ***      
                fesisPennsylvania.2007    28.862323    3.281440   8.7956 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                fesisPennsylvania.2014   -27.821469    3.409336  -8.1604 1.096e-15 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   177.654  1 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1)  91.722  1 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     6.01794      
                R-squared            0.97451      
                Log-lik.(n=1020) -3226.45754      
us_q20

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q20 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 01:14:51 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 900       
                Sample: 1 to 900       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                              coef  std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                    -248.97169   30.84559  -8.0715 2.509e-15 ***      
                lpop                      12.39584    8.83059   1.4037 0.1607811          
                lgdp_sq                    9.64701    1.23973   7.7815 2.189e-14 ***      
                avg_temp                   0.19002    0.29579   0.6424 0.5207876          
                idArizona                 18.92452    3.14353   6.0202 2.642e-09 ***      
                idArkansas                -5.74046    4.38344  -1.3096 0.1907104          
                idCalifornia             144.54576   17.65458   8.1874 1.037e-15 ***      
                idColorado                25.05051    6.50097   3.8533 0.0001258 ***      
                idConnecticut             53.58096    6.02983   8.8860 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                 4.76051   12.70603   0.3747 0.7080079          
                idDistrictofColumbia      15.66186   16.37540   0.9564 0.3391430          
                idFlorida                 11.13434   10.52849   1.0575 0.2905793          
                idGeorgia                 10.51677    5.81156   1.8096 0.0707251 .        
                idHawaii                 -11.69777   10.37083  -1.1279 0.2596761          
                idIdaho                  -11.78341   10.69951  -1.1013 0.2710927          
                idIllinois                21.22398    8.78802   2.4151 0.0159518 *        
                idIndiana                  9.78377    4.69891   2.0821 0.0376442 *        
                idIowa                     5.53986    5.89189   0.9403 0.3473696          
                idKansas                   2.06286    4.94746   0.4170 0.6768240          
                idKentucky                 1.92217    3.09811   0.6204 0.5351466          
                idLouisiana                2.90581    2.97279   0.9775 0.3286297          
                idMaine                  -12.74950   11.87882  -1.0733 0.2834584          
                idMaryland                14.65702    4.17272   3.5126 0.0004684 ***      
                idMassachusetts           49.53310    6.77919   7.3066 6.581e-13 ***      
                idMichigan                38.70164    8.04702   4.8094 1.805e-06 ***      
                idMinnesota               30.37491    7.07234   4.2949 1.960e-05 ***      
                idMissouri                 7.05468    3.78884   1.8620 0.0629712 .        
                idNebraska                -0.29771    8.33389  -0.0357 0.9715120          
                idNevada                   7.51749    6.04027   1.2446 0.2136538          
                idNewHampshire             0.17175   11.25424   0.0153 0.9878281          
                idNewJersey               24.96416    6.55534   3.8082 0.0001506 ***      
                idNewMexico                1.61323    7.17393   0.2249 0.8221347          
                idNewYork                 60.25329   12.89016   4.6744 3.454e-06 ***      
                idNorthCarolina           23.33809    5.74173   4.0646 5.281e-05 ***      
                idOhio                    33.67250    7.91917   4.2520 2.366e-05 ***      
                idOklahoma                 3.71790    2.92646   1.2704 0.2042934          
                idOregon                  17.49619    5.33319   3.2806 0.0010802 **       
                idPennsylvania            36.18291    8.86106   4.0834 4.881e-05 ***      
                idRhodeIsland            -12.45283   12.03079  -1.0351 0.3009413          
                idSouthCarolina           19.09849    2.17070   8.7983 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota            -21.38993   14.58621  -1.4664 0.1429152          
                idTennessee                7.25213    3.48123   2.0832 0.0375461 *        
                idTexas                   18.39608   12.96298   1.4191 0.1562484          
                idUtah                     6.71012    6.19892   1.0825 0.2793681          
                idVermont                -34.56763   17.24154  -2.0049 0.0453064 *        
                idVirginia                17.82602    5.43018   3.2828 0.0010721 **       
                idWashington              27.03717    6.40090   4.2240 2.674e-05 ***      
                idWisconsin               22.77300    6.41202   3.5516 0.0004050 ***      
                time2000                1476.18759  205.53931   7.1820 1.560e-12 ***      
                time2001                1476.90742  205.61763   7.1828 1.552e-12 ***      
                time2002                1479.05387  205.66997   7.1914 1.463e-12 ***      
                time2003                1479.88867  205.67901   7.1951 1.426e-12 ***      
                time2004                1481.34026  205.77541   7.1988 1.390e-12 ***      
                time2005                1483.52711  205.86268   7.2064 1.319e-12 ***      
                time2006                1485.58601  205.95819   7.2130 1.260e-12 ***      
                time2007                1488.60971  205.94257   7.2283 1.134e-12 ***      
                time2008                1491.03125  205.90197   7.2415 1.035e-12 ***      
                time2009                1495.21076  205.90425   7.2617 8.999e-13 ***      
                time2010                1495.96234  206.00382   7.2618 8.990e-13 ***      
                time2011                1494.72551  206.04563   7.2543 9.469e-13 ***      
                time2012                1493.36515  206.16762   7.2435 1.021e-12 ***      
                time2013                1492.93656  206.00065   7.2472 9.946e-13 ***      
                time2014                1487.95498  206.03251   7.2219 1.185e-12 ***      
                time2015                1488.31384  206.17217   7.2188 1.211e-12 ***      
                time2016                1485.75453  206.24378   7.2039 1.342e-12 ***      
                time2017                1486.28877  206.23496   7.2068 1.316e-12 ***      
                time2018                1486.18737  206.19950   7.2075 1.309e-12 ***      
                time2019                1484.95597  206.19339   7.2018 1.362e-12 ***      
                iis61                   -111.65310    8.84913 -12.6174 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis62                    -85.92291    8.86078  -9.6970 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis63                    -93.83658    8.83403 -10.6222 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis64                    -93.85703    8.77749 -10.6929 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis65                    -65.39707    8.72845  -7.4924 1.776e-13 ***      
                iis66                    -41.26424    8.67679  -4.7557 2.342e-06 ***      
                iis67                     47.75304    8.63077   5.5329 4.257e-08 ***      
                iis68                     76.13625    8.59809   8.8550 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis69                    123.06583    8.58552  14.3341 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis70                    155.73013    8.61601  18.0745 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis71                    123.53753    8.60993  14.3483 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis72                    113.60502    8.60761  13.1982 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis73                     99.69571    8.57885  11.6211 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis74                     91.81323    8.53608  10.7559 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis75                     33.19204    8.55870   3.8782 0.0001138 ***      
                iis76                     30.03195    8.47703   3.5427 0.0004187 ***      
                iis77                     30.08749    8.46404   3.5547 0.0004003 ***      
                iis409                    28.77456    7.37695   3.9006 0.0001039 ***      
                fesisCalifornia.2019     -25.86862    8.46053  -3.0576 0.0023050 **       
                fesisColorado.2004        11.16112    3.89952   2.8622 0.0043162 **       
                fesisConnecticut.2009    -15.58752    3.15067  -4.9474 9.155e-07 ***      
                fesisMassachusetts.2006   30.12231    3.88332   7.7569 2.624e-14 ***      
                fesisMassachusetts.2014  -23.01753    3.86010  -5.9629 3.701e-09 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2014        -18.42352    3.52906  -5.2205 2.271e-07 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   188.314  1 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1)  92.277  1 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     6.82062      
                R-squared            0.96999      
                Log-lik.(n=900)  -2959.00049      
us_q30

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 01:18:22 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 720       
                Sample: 1 to 720       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                              coef  std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                    -300.17641   43.34860  -6.9247 1.064e-11 ***      
                lpop                      18.65982   10.47361   1.7816 0.0752872 .        
                lgdp_sq                   11.66814    1.67965   6.9468 9.203e-12 ***      
                avg_temp                   0.22373    0.36714   0.6094 0.5424790          
                idCalifornia              98.06189   18.50738   5.2985 1.607e-07 ***      
                idColorado                16.97661    6.33916   2.6781 0.0075949 **       
                idConnecticut             29.95449    7.09051   4.2246 2.741e-05 ***      
                idDelaware                -7.19076   16.52565  -0.4351 0.6636164          
                idDistrictofColumbia       9.03451   20.61481   0.4383 0.6613503          
                idFlorida                -16.66243   10.29375  -1.6187 0.1060051          
                idGeorgia                -11.31261    4.58030  -2.4698 0.0137766 *        
                idIdaho                  -27.09762   14.24958  -1.9016 0.0576658 .        
                idIllinois                -3.07036    7.81444  -0.3929 0.6945177          
                idIndiana                 -8.94585    4.05017  -2.2088 0.0275446 *        
                idIowa                    -9.49814    7.87326  -1.2064 0.2281164          
                idKentucky               -15.14228    4.38382  -3.4541 0.0005885 ***      
                idMaryland                -3.47244    3.69556  -0.9396 0.3477638          
                idMassachusetts           31.23550    6.47060   4.8273 1.732e-06 ***      
                idMichigan                17.27758    7.46945   2.3131 0.0210327 *        
                idMinnesota               13.21951    7.71956   1.7125 0.0872938 .        
                idMissouri               -11.29689    3.24247  -3.4840 0.0005276 ***      
                idNevada                  -7.08141    8.38976  -0.8441 0.3989543          
                idNewHampshire           -13.20405   14.72010  -0.8970 0.3700512          
                idNewJersey                3.81392    5.43885   0.7012 0.4834098          
                idNewMexico              -13.39165   10.23793  -1.3080 0.1913276          
                idNewYork                 30.82061   12.76793   2.4139 0.0160617 *        
                idNorthCarolina            1.83407    4.28686   0.4278 0.6689143          
                idOhio                    10.71897    6.84579   1.5658 0.1178948          
                idOklahoma               -12.78057    4.91276  -2.6015 0.0094958 **       
                idOregon                   1.41064    6.78289   0.2080 0.8353176          
                idPennsylvania            12.40420    7.98212   1.5540 0.1206782          
                idRhodeIsland            -26.59619   15.86767  -1.6761 0.0942014 .        
                idSouthCarolina            1.46004    3.76391   0.3879 0.6982141          
                idTennessee              -11.56301    2.57735  -4.4864 8.586e-06 ***      
                idTexas                  -13.42337   12.98340  -1.0339 0.3015788          
                idUtah                    -8.32188    8.52999  -0.9756 0.3296292          
                idVirginia                -2.49090    4.15651  -0.5993 0.5491993          
                idWashington               8.13119    6.08848   1.3355 0.1821855          
                idWisconsin                5.10611    6.81072   0.7497 0.4537007          
                time2000                1762.06829  277.49340   6.3499 4.080e-10 ***      
                time2001                1762.65896  277.56450   6.3504 4.068e-10 ***      
                time2002                1765.17555  277.61378   6.3584 3.875e-10 ***      
                time2003                1765.76886  277.63711   6.3600 3.837e-10 ***      
                time2004                1767.64418  277.76801   6.3637 3.750e-10 ***      
                time2005                1769.82432  277.87185   6.3692 3.626e-10 ***      
                time2006                1772.45413  277.98304   6.3761 3.476e-10 ***      
                time2007                1775.56255  277.97257   6.3875 3.240e-10 ***      
                time2008                1779.33504  277.91156   6.4025 2.955e-10 ***      
                time2009                1782.93389  277.85645   6.4167 2.707e-10 ***      
                time2010                1783.97190  277.95506   6.4182 2.683e-10 ***      
                time2011                1782.16553  277.99421   6.4108 2.808e-10 ***      
                time2012                1780.25431  278.11165   6.4012 2.979e-10 ***      
                time2013                1780.03949  277.95239   6.4041 2.926e-10 ***      
                time2014                1773.83388  278.01284   6.3804 3.386e-10 ***      
                time2015                1774.17667  278.16267   6.3782 3.432e-10 ***      
                time2016                1770.51725  278.23025   6.3635 3.756e-10 ***      
                time2017                1771.58801  278.23263   6.3673 3.669e-10 ***      
                time2018                1771.35379  278.21903   6.3668 3.681e-10 ***      
                time2019                1768.94842  278.22536   6.3580 3.885e-10 ***      
                iis21                    -99.75580    9.34712 -10.6724 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis22                    -73.98103    9.35802  -7.9056 1.168e-14 ***      
                iis23                    -82.44606    9.31976  -8.8464 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis24                    -82.57909    9.24344  -8.9338 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis25                    -54.81926    9.16924  -5.9786 3.738e-09 ***      
                iis26                    -31.00394    9.09195  -3.4100 0.0006903 ***      
                iis27                     57.12516    9.02413   6.3303 4.601e-10 ***      
                iis28                     85.23032    8.98495   9.4859 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis29                    130.67288    8.97014  14.5675 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis30                    164.10517    9.01447  18.2046 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis31                    131.45222    8.99562  14.6129 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis32                    121.94421    8.99051  13.5637 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis33                    108.28403    8.95089  12.0976 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis34                     99.90557    8.90336  11.2211 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis35                     42.11101    8.94605   4.7072 3.079e-06 ***      
                iis36                     38.58342    8.81441   4.3773 1.403e-05 ***      
                iis37                     39.48288    8.78507   4.4943 8.282e-06 ***      
                fesisMassachusetts.2006   32.04912    4.15718   7.7093 4.840e-14 ***      
                fesisMassachusetts.2014  -24.81549    4.12426  -6.0170 2.989e-09 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2014        -17.82522    3.88932  -4.5831 5.508e-06 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   128.869  1 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1)  68.261  1 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     7.47834      
                R-squared            0.96914      
                Log-lik.(n=720)  -2430.78390      

AR(1)

Ihs Patent Count

0.01

us_all

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_all (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 01:34:46 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 969       
                Sample: 1 to 969       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                             0.025548    0.029360  0.8702 0.3844525          
                lgdp                         -271.297003 1053.209138 -0.2576 0.7967843          
                lpop                          228.017061  874.416678  0.2608 0.7943363          
                lgdp_sq                         9.330629   36.659326  0.2545 0.7991527          
                avg_temp                       -0.217014    0.538500 -0.4030 0.6870507          
                idAlaska                       -0.816539    0.170046 -4.8019 1.854e-06 ***      
                idArizona                       1.866665    0.131096 14.2389 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                     -1.055711    0.160051 -6.5961 7.368e-11 ***      
                idCalifornia                    4.132973    0.172839 23.9123 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                      2.203627    0.135777 16.2298 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                   2.853757    0.176009 16.2137 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                      1.720907    0.140719 12.2294 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia            0.198940    0.168385  1.1815 0.2377481          
                idFlorida                       2.293885    0.137253 16.7129 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idGeorgia                       1.609191    0.128322 12.5402 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idHawaii                        0.352946    0.151739  2.3260 0.0202499 *        
                idIdaho                        -0.852221    0.368406 -2.3133 0.0209430 *        
                idIllinois                      2.291793    0.137694 16.6441 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIndiana                       1.163412    0.122812  9.4731 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIowa                          0.234318    0.117330  1.9971 0.0461314 *        
                idKansas                       -0.109820    0.116848 -0.9398 0.3475587          
                idKentucky                      0.152675    0.118609  1.2872 0.1983666          
                idLouisiana                     0.075953    0.116940  0.6495 0.5161828          
                idMaine                         0.142891    0.118547  1.2054 0.2283995          
                idMaryland                      1.473771    0.126289 11.6698 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMassachusetts                 2.979354    0.149686 19.9040 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                      2.551653    0.141766 17.9990 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota                     2.122355    0.134922 15.7302 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMississippi                  -1.255662    0.125898 -9.9737 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMissouri                      0.867728    0.121724  7.1286 2.148e-12 ***      
                idMontana                      -0.668024    0.117863 -5.6678 1.974e-08 ***      
                idNebraska                     -0.668675    0.147025 -4.5480 6.192e-06 ***      
                idNevada                        0.802119    0.120276  6.6690 4.604e-11 ***      
                idNewHampshire                  1.029036    0.122003  8.4345 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey                     2.179465    0.136230 15.9985 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewMexico                     1.156120    0.123158  9.3873 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewYork                       3.216159    0.154457 20.8224 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                 2.191633    0.135761 16.1433 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthDakota                  -0.900256    0.122615 -7.3422 4.874e-13 ***      
                idOhio                          2.549335    0.142027 17.9496 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOklahoma                      0.602173    0.118698  5.0731 4.795e-07 ***      
                idOregon                        1.576395    0.130091 12.1176 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                  2.617414    0.142879 18.3191 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                   1.291511    0.225893  5.7174 1.492e-08 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                 1.298333    0.164764  7.8799 9.881e-15 ***      
                idSouthDakota                  -1.080139    0.169771 -6.3623 3.226e-10 ***      
                idTennessee                     1.015670    0.122156  8.3145 3.580e-16 ***      
                idTexas                         2.734177    0.145037 18.8516 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                          0.860456    0.120890  7.1177 2.315e-12 ***      
                idVermont                      -0.069933    0.116856 -0.5985 0.5496955          
                idVirginia                      1.801900    0.130018 13.8589 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWashington                    2.078178    0.134374 15.4656 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWestVirginia                 -0.564325    0.133340 -4.2322 2.562e-05 ***      
                idWisconsin                     1.841888    0.130766 14.0854 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWyoming                      -0.472258    0.124431 -3.7953 0.0001578 ***      
                time2001                        8.522946   37.538329  0.2270 0.8204415          
                time2002                        9.185170   39.456253  0.2328 0.8159769          
                time2003                        9.366253   39.518064  0.2370 0.8127040          
                time2004                       11.217757   45.843061  0.2447 0.8067478          
                time2005                       11.480066   45.517791  0.2522 0.8009386          
                time2006                        9.561791   37.283523  0.2565 0.7976558          
                time2007                        8.070956   30.616106  0.2636 0.7921374          
                time2008                        5.119411   19.655540  0.2605 0.7945741          
                time2009                        1.849227    6.692997  0.2763 0.7823896          
                time2010                        1.415265    5.062886  0.2795 0.7798998          
                time2011                        1.687417    5.643675  0.2990 0.7650179          
                time2012                        1.478594    4.553834  0.3247 0.7454932          
                time2013                        0.669017    2.422500  0.2762 0.7824853          
                time2014                       -0.621215    1.355555 -0.4583 0.6468718          
                time2015                       -0.142774    0.705391 -0.2024 0.8396490          
                iis17                          -1.246326    0.368850 -3.3789 0.0007604 ***      
                iis58                           1.897239    0.383712  4.9444 9.182e-07 ***      
                iis72                          -1.495621    0.378174 -3.9548 8.289e-05 ***      
                iis76                          -1.597992    0.378788 -4.2187 2.718e-05 ***      
                iis156                         -1.363734    0.387733 -3.5172 0.0004590 ***      
                iis160                         -1.202554    0.417233 -2.8822 0.0040473 **       
                iis224                         -2.137427    0.441254 -4.8440 1.509e-06 ***      
                iis226                         -2.022036    0.446155 -4.5321 6.665e-06 ***      
                iis227                         -2.221726    0.439350 -5.0569 5.210e-07 ***      
                iis329                         -1.433223    0.368661 -3.8876 0.0001090 ***      
                iis365                         -1.346062    0.369047 -3.6474 0.0002808 ***      
                iis457                          1.371618    0.370158  3.7055 0.0002245 ***      
                iis458                          2.049960    0.371789  5.5138 4.646e-08 ***      
                iis459                          1.771542    0.374015  4.7366 2.542e-06 ***      
                iis476                         -1.363437    0.368820 -3.6968 0.0002322 ***      
                iis521                         -1.103542    0.380141 -2.9030 0.0037908 **       
                iis652                          1.127175    0.369548  3.0501 0.0023575 **       
                iis653                         -1.061160    0.370646 -2.8630 0.0042985 **       
                iis705                          1.315311    0.368752  3.5669 0.0003812 ***      
                iis783                          1.730939    0.387584  4.4660 9.033e-06 ***      
                iis788                          0.977119    0.376217  2.5972 0.0095588 **       
                iis801                         -1.264700    0.368664 -3.4305 0.0006312 ***      
                iis952                          1.230878    0.370659  3.3208 0.0009355 ***      
                fesisAlaska.2007               -0.903691    0.178779 -5.0548 5.265e-07 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2009              1.018049    0.181334  5.6142 2.665e-08 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009          -0.632630    0.167861 -3.7688 0.0001752 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014             -0.851652    0.178432 -4.7730 2.133e-06 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008   -0.683820    0.255144 -2.6801 0.0075001 **       
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012    0.998617    0.246720  4.0476 5.642e-05 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2009               -0.661078    0.194068 -3.4064 0.0006887 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2015                0.832904    0.296419  2.8099 0.0050683 **       
                fesisIdaho.2002                 1.168267    0.368923  3.1667 0.0015962 **       
                fesisNebraska.2011              0.639887    0.170128  3.7612 0.0001806 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2004          -0.933086    0.226515 -4.1193 4.167e-05 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008         0.846736    0.172369  4.9123 1.077e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008           1.155955    0.187733  6.1575 1.133e-09 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2019          -1.692667    0.376619 -4.4944 7.932e-06 ***      
                fesisWestVirginia.2013         -0.715000    0.171515 -4.1687 3.373e-05 ***      
                fesisWyoming.2017              -0.978257    0.229000 -4.2719 2.155e-05 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value        
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.51824  1 0.47160        
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 4.38492  1 0.03626 *      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.35513      
                R-squared           0.94438      
                Log-lik.(n=969)  -317.26342      
us_q20

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q20 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 01:38:09 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 855       
                Sample: 1 to 855       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                           8.0852e-03  3.0471e-02  0.2653 0.7908215          
                lgdp                         -1.4860e+02  1.0159e+03 -0.1463 0.8837451          
                lpop                          1.2664e+02  8.4344e+02  0.1501 0.8806931          
                lgdp_sq                       5.0309e+00  3.5361e+01  0.1423 0.8869043          
                avg_temp                     -1.4849e-01  5.1948e-01 -0.2858 0.7750733          
                idArizona                     1.7058e+00  1.2731e-01 13.3988 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                   -8.9445e-01  1.8318e-01 -4.8828 1.278e-06 ***      
                idCalifornia                  4.0125e+00  1.7300e-01 23.1942 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                    2.0485e+00  1.3252e-01 15.4586 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                 2.7283e+00  1.6996e-01 16.0529 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                    1.5579e+00  1.3521e-01 11.5223 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia          1.8620e-02  1.5632e-01  0.1191 0.9052164          
                idFlorida                     2.1405e+00  1.3415e-01 15.9555 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idGeorgia                     1.4445e+00  1.2421e-01 11.6299 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idHawaii                      1.7835e-01  1.4185e-01  1.2574 0.2090130          
                idIdaho                       1.2478e-01  1.1318e-01  1.1025 0.2706092          
                idIllinois                    2.1389e+00  1.3464e-01 15.8857 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIndiana                     9.8967e-01  1.1800e-01  8.3869 2.461e-16 ***      
                idIowa                       -1.1676e-02  1.1320e-01 -0.1031 0.9178765          
                idKansas                     -3.0525e-01  1.1116e-01 -2.7461 0.0061743 **       
                idKentucky                   -4.1678e-02  1.1275e-01 -0.3696 0.7117558          
                idLouisiana                   7.8243e-03  1.3247e-01  0.0591 0.9529166          
                idMaine                       1.1241e-02  1.1400e-01  0.0986 0.9214781          
                idMaryland                    1.3060e+00  1.2192e-01 10.7119 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMassachusetts               2.8388e+00  1.4784e-01 19.2014 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                    2.4032e+00  1.3914e-01 17.2715 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota                   1.9662e+00  1.3157e-01 14.9447 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMissouri                    6.8642e-01  1.1632e-01  5.9013 5.455e-09 ***      
                idNebraska                   -7.7372e-01  1.3826e-01 -5.5961 3.073e-08 ***      
                idNevada                      8.8252e-01  1.3403e-01  6.5845 8.573e-11 ***      
                idNewHampshire                8.5367e-01  1.1708e-01  7.2911 7.811e-13 ***      
                idNewJersey                   2.0249e+00  1.3302e-01 15.2225 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewMexico                   9.8303e-01  1.1839e-01  8.3031 4.708e-16 ***      
                idNewYork                     3.0800e+00  1.5305e-01 20.1235 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina               2.0365e+00  1.3250e-01 15.3700 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOhio                        2.4011e+00  1.3943e-01 17.2212 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOklahoma                    4.1837e-01  1.1332e-01  3.6920 0.0002386 ***      
                idOregon                      2.2097e+00  2.1794e-01 10.1394 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                2.4701e+00  1.4037e-01 17.5973 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                 1.0288e+00  1.8735e-01  5.4913 5.463e-08 ***      
                idSouthCarolina               1.1452e+00  1.5517e-01  7.3803 4.194e-13 ***      
                idSouthDakota                -1.2725e+00  1.5780e-01 -8.0640 2.913e-15 ***      
                idTennessee                   8.3373e-01  1.1683e-01  7.1363 2.263e-12 ***      
                idTexas                       2.5890e+00  1.4274e-01 18.1381 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                        6.8267e-01  1.1582e-01  5.8942 5.687e-09 ***      
                idVermont                    -2.6505e-01  1.1117e-01 -2.3843 0.0173594 *        
                idVirginia                    1.6396e+00  1.2610e-01 13.0018 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWashington                  1.9214e+00  1.3096e-01 14.6718 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWisconsin                   1.6806e+00  1.2694e-01 13.2391 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2001                      3.9902e+00  3.6210e+01  0.1102 0.9122820          
                time2002                      4.4993e+00  3.8060e+01  0.1182 0.9059268          
                time2003                      4.6090e+00  3.8119e+01  0.1209 0.9037950          
                time2004                      5.8072e+00  4.4219e+01  0.1313 0.8955521          
                time2005                      6.1770e+00  4.3906e+01  0.1407 0.8881533          
                time2006                      5.1663e+00  3.5963e+01  0.1437 0.8858101          
                time2007                      4.4629e+00  2.9532e+01  0.1511 0.8799207          
                time2008                      2.7940e+00  1.8959e+01  0.1474 0.8828823          
                time2009                      1.0178e+00  6.4562e+00  0.1576 0.8747792          
                time2010                      8.4608e-01  4.8837e+00  0.1732 0.8625061          
                time2011                      1.0320e+00  5.4439e+00  0.1896 0.8496945          
                time2012                      9.5735e-01  4.3927e+00  0.2179 0.8275340          
                time2013                      4.1900e-01  2.3367e+00  0.1793 0.8577399          
                time2014                     -4.8124e-01  1.3076e+00 -0.3680 0.7129442          
                time2015                     -1.0254e-01  6.8034e-01 -0.1507 0.8802328          
                iis2                         -1.1887e+00  3.3595e-01 -3.5383 0.0004275 ***      
                iis4                         -1.1266e+00  3.3618e-01 -3.3513 0.0008446 ***      
                iis10                        -1.2004e+00  3.3592e-01 -3.5735 0.0003748 ***      
                iis17                        -1.4519e+00  3.3601e-01 -4.3210 1.762e-05 ***      
                iis39                         1.5574e+00  3.6361e-01  4.2833 2.081e-05 ***      
                iis53                        -1.4611e+00  3.4270e-01 -4.2636 2.268e-05 ***      
                iis57                        -1.5623e+00  3.4339e-01 -4.5495 6.269e-06 ***      
                iis137                       -1.3525e+00  3.5157e-01 -3.8469 0.0001298 ***      
                iis141                       -1.1341e+00  3.7898e-01 -2.9924 0.0028584 **       
                iis205                       -2.0925e+00  4.0041e-01 -5.2260 2.247e-07 ***      
                iis207                       -1.9863e+00  4.0612e-01 -4.8910 1.228e-06 ***      
                iis208                       -2.2088e+00  3.9807e-01 -5.5486 3.994e-08 ***      
                iis210                       -1.1403e+00  3.3424e-01 -3.4115 0.0006805 ***      
                iis268                        1.0663e+00  3.3525e-01  3.1805 0.0015306 **       
                iis310                       -1.4011e+00  3.3401e-01 -4.1948 3.057e-05 ***      
                iis346                       -1.3957e+00  3.3499e-01 -4.1664 3.454e-05 ***      
                iis352                       -1.1317e+00  3.3496e-01 -3.3785 0.0007664 ***      
                iis438                       -1.3310e+00  3.3417e-01 -3.9829 7.472e-05 ***      
                iis464                       -1.1658e+00  3.4532e-01 -3.3760 0.0007732 ***      
                iis466                       -9.9578e-01  3.4290e-01 -2.9040 0.0037927 **       
                iis707                        1.7350e+00  3.5131e-01  4.9388 9.692e-07 ***      
                iis722                       -1.5802e+00  3.4521e-01 -4.5775 5.506e-06 ***      
                iis725                       -1.1993e+00  3.3400e-01 -3.5906 0.0003514 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2006           -8.2348e-01  2.4853e-01 -3.3134 0.0009657 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2009            1.4615e+00  2.1743e-01  6.7220 3.548e-11 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009        -6.7324e-01  1.5260e-01 -4.4118 1.175e-05 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014           -8.6558e-01  1.6221e-01 -5.3362 1.258e-07 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -7.3642e-01  2.3169e-01 -3.1785 0.0015410 **       
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012  1.0349e+00  2.2459e-01  4.6080 4.776e-06 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2009             -7.0419e-01  1.7602e-01 -4.0006 6.945e-05 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2015              8.2106e-01  2.6955e-01  3.0460 0.0024002 **       
                fesisLouisiana.2011          -8.6166e-01  1.9401e-01 -4.4413 1.029e-05 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015           1.0750e+00  2.1898e-01  4.9093 1.122e-06 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2012            6.1973e-01  1.5996e-01  3.8744 0.0001162 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012             -6.1672e-01  1.5286e-01 -4.0344 6.033e-05 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004             -8.6484e-01  2.0575e-01 -4.2035 2.945e-05 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2005        -8.9530e-01  1.8485e-01 -4.8434 1.550e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008       8.3244e-01  1.5648e-01  5.3198 1.372e-07 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008         1.7494e+00  2.3167e-01  7.5513 1.252e-13 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2011        -7.0939e-01  2.2021e-01 -3.2214 0.0013307 **       
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                      Chi-sq df p-value        
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.00007252  1 0.99321        
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 3.04742943  1 0.08087 .      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.32133      
                R-squared           0.94395      
                Log-lik.(n=855)  -190.51566      
us_q30

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 01:38:03 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 684       
                Sample: 1 to 684       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                           6.0030e-02  3.3704e-02   1.7811 0.0754013 .        
                lgdp                         -4.5846e+02  3.8837e+02  -1.1805 0.2382718          
                lpop                          4.4674e+02  3.7864e+02   1.1798 0.2385222          
                lgdp_sq                       1.1072e+01  9.3631e+00   1.1825 0.2374560          
                avg_temp                      1.0796e+00  8.8211e-01   1.2239 0.2214537          
                idCalifornia                  2.1866e+00  1.1688e-01  18.7079 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                    3.2556e-01  8.7789e-02   3.7084 0.0002277 ***      
                idConnecticut                 9.4776e-01  1.1905e-01   7.9609 8.413e-15 ***      
                idDelaware                   -1.4491e-01  9.7003e-02  -1.4939 0.1357197          
                idDistrictofColumbia         -1.6004e+00  1.4476e-01 -11.0558 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idFlorida                     4.1246e-01  8.8265e-02   4.6730 3.658e-06 ***      
                idGeorgia                    -2.4996e-01  8.7387e-02  -2.8604 0.0043763 **       
                idIdaho                      -1.4907e+00  1.0422e-01 -14.3044 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIllinois                    4.0939e-01  8.8427e-02   4.6296 4.482e-06 ***      
                idIndiana                    -6.7786e-01  9.0547e-02  -7.4863 2.500e-13 ***      
                idIowa                       -2.4736e+00  2.8739e-01  -8.6074 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idKentucky                   -1.5900e+00  1.0891e-01 -14.5997 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMaryland                   -3.7936e-01  8.8077e-02  -4.3072 1.928e-05 ***      
                idMassachusetts               1.0726e+00  9.5478e-02  11.2342 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                    6.6052e-01  9.0303e-02   7.3145 8.194e-13 ***      
                idMinnesota                   2.4627e-01  8.7563e-02   2.8125 0.0050744 **       
                idMissouri                   -9.5873e-01  9.5410e-02 -10.0486 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNevada                     -7.9172e-01  1.0530e-01  -7.5186 1.995e-13 ***      
                idNewHampshire               -8.0905e-01  9.1451e-02  -8.8468 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey                   3.0035e-01  8.7924e-02   3.4161 0.0006777 ***      
                idNewMexico                  -6.8645e-01  9.0206e-02  -7.6098 1.050e-13 ***      
                idNewYork                     1.3007e+00  9.9297e-02  13.0989 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina               3.1360e-01  8.7785e-02   3.5724 0.0003818 ***      
                idOhio                        6.5766e-01  9.0445e-02   7.2714 1.099e-12 ***      
                idOklahoma                   -1.2192e+00  9.7670e-02 -12.4833 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOregon                      4.3164e-01  1.6910e-01   2.5526 0.0109360 *        
                idPennsylvania                7.2399e-01  9.0922e-02   7.9628 8.295e-15 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                -5.7846e-01  1.7115e-01  -3.3799 0.0007715 ***      
                idSouthCarolina              -5.5654e-01  1.2095e-01  -4.6013 5.113e-06 ***      
                idTennessee                  -8.2001e-01  9.4551e-02  -8.6726 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                       8.3642e-01  9.2231e-02   9.0687 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                       -9.1561e-01  9.4217e-02  -9.7181 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idVirginia                   -9.7605e-04  8.8351e-02  -0.0110 0.9911893          
                idWashington                  2.0339e-01  8.7440e-02   2.3261 0.0203434 *        
                idWisconsin                  -2.3917e-02  8.7082e-02  -0.2747 0.7836765          
                time2001                      6.6398e+01  5.6557e+01   1.1740 0.2408549          
                time2002                      6.2677e+01  5.3321e+01   1.1755 0.2402668          
                time2003                      6.3477e+01  5.4045e+01   1.1745 0.2406423          
                time2004                      6.1724e+01  5.2439e+01   1.1771 0.2396345          
                time2005                      5.9625e+01  5.0548e+01   1.1796 0.2386266          
                time2006                      5.3542e+01  4.5242e+01   1.1834 0.2370976          
                time2007                      4.8794e+01  4.1170e+01   1.1852 0.2364079          
                time2008                      4.0377e+01  3.3911e+01   1.1907 0.2342484          
                time2009                      1.9811e+01  1.6323e+01   1.2137 0.2253346          
                time2010                      1.8064e+01  1.4820e+01   1.2189 0.2233633          
                time2011                      1.7565e+01  1.4432e+01   1.2170 0.2240647          
                time2012                      1.3513e+01  1.1085e+01   1.2191 0.2232968          
                time2013                      1.1317e+01  9.2030e+00   1.2298 0.2192649          
                time2014                      4.7866e+00  4.0022e+00   1.1960 0.2321658          
                time2015                      2.3668e+00  1.8617e+00   1.2713 0.2041047          
                iis99                        -1.3989e+00  2.9446e-01  -4.7506 2.533e-06 ***      
                iis103                       -1.0358e+00  3.3918e-01  -3.0539 0.0023578 **       
                iis153                       -1.2213e+00  2.8046e-01  -4.3545 1.565e-05 ***      
                iis211                        9.8225e-01  2.8180e-01   3.4857 0.0005263 ***      
                iis229                       -1.0677e+00  2.8100e-01  -3.7995 0.0001596 ***      
                iis234                       -1.5284e+00  2.8016e-01  -5.4555 7.114e-08 ***      
                iis324                       -1.4253e+00  2.8031e-01  -5.0848 4.909e-07 ***      
                iis360                       -9.3413e-01  2.9142e-01  -3.2054 0.0014193 **       
                iis551                       -9.3761e-01  2.8129e-01  -3.3333 0.0009103 ***      
                iis573                       -1.1926e+00  2.7981e-01  -4.2620 2.348e-05 ***      
                iis627                       -1.0871e+00  2.7985e-01  -3.8847 0.0001137 ***      
                iis628                       -1.1581e+00  2.8041e-01  -4.1298 4.139e-05 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009        -6.0531e-01  1.2834e-01  -4.7166 2.977e-06 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014           -8.1387e-01  1.3667e-01  -5.9549 4.402e-09 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -8.5588e-01  2.2505e-01  -3.8032 0.0001573 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2011  1.0986e+00  2.1860e-01   5.0256 6.609e-07 ***      
                fesisIowa.2002                8.9389e-01  2.8108e-01   3.1802 0.0015464 **       
                fesisNevada.2012             -4.4497e-01  1.3416e-01  -3.3166 0.0009654 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004             -7.6737e-01  1.7288e-01  -4.4388 1.074e-05 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2004        -8.1688e-01  1.7346e-01  -4.7094 3.081e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008       8.3203e-01  1.3213e-01   6.2973 5.809e-10 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.13453  1  0.7138      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 2.09141  1  0.1481      
                                                
                SE of regression   0.26839      
                R-squared          0.94423      
                Log-lik.(n=684)  -32.88726      

0.05

us_all

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_all (2000:2020); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 01:34:41 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 969       
                Sample: 1 to 969       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                             0.035999    0.025489  1.4123 0.1582317          
                lgdp                         -278.707824  901.599144 -0.3091 0.7573043          
                lpop                          235.656082  748.531573  0.3148 0.7529752          
                lgdp_sq                         9.551242   31.383386  0.3043 0.7609457          
                avg_temp                       -0.341250    0.462053 -0.7386 0.4603911          
                idAlaska                       -0.222407    0.249159 -0.8926 0.3723182          
                idArizona                       2.623529    0.227817 11.5160 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                     -0.330358    0.271743 -1.2157 0.2244493          
                idCalifornia                    4.821773    0.247136 19.5106 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                      2.913143    0.229374 12.7004 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                   3.556685    0.247278 14.3833 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                      2.428038    0.231048 10.5088 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia            0.933549    0.242581  3.8484 0.0001281 ***      
                idFlorida                       3.002386    0.230018 13.0528 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idGeorgia                       2.324441    0.226212 10.2755 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idHawaii                        1.006273    0.238405  4.2209 2.706e-05 ***      
                idIdaho                         1.050539    0.222782  4.7155 2.834e-06 ***      
                idIllinois                      2.999995    0.230212 13.0314 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIndiana                       1.884082    0.223986  8.4116 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIowa                          0.038665    0.363176  0.1065 0.9152417          
                idKansas                        0.674396    0.222344  3.0331 0.0024968 **       
                idKentucky                      0.943585    0.223303  4.2256 2.651e-05 ***      
                idLouisiana                     1.020019    0.233284  4.3724 1.387e-05 ***      
                idMaine                         0.938249    0.222988  4.2076 2.866e-05 ***      
                idMaryland                      2.190846    0.225379  9.7207 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMassachusetts                 3.680185    0.235668 15.6160 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                      3.257210    0.232024 14.0382 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota                     2.832474    0.229003 12.3687 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMississippi                  -0.207446    0.244661 -0.8479 0.3967465          
                idMissouri                      1.596258    0.223793  7.1327 2.167e-12 ***      
                idMontana                       0.017145    0.222867  0.0769 0.9386999          
                idNebraska                      0.814053    0.363394  2.2401 0.0253499 *        
                idNevada                        1.770039    0.230982  7.6631 5.137e-14 ***      
                idNewHampshire                  1.750672    0.223669  7.8271 1.544e-14 ***      
                idNewJersey                     2.888667    0.229571 12.5829 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewMexico                     1.876395    0.224123  8.3722 2.440e-16 ***      
                idNewYork                       3.914335    0.237934 16.4513 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                 2.901160    0.229367 12.6486 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthDakota                  -0.102901    0.224832 -0.4577 0.6473033          
                idOhio                          3.254728    0.232142 14.0204 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOklahoma                      1.328863    0.222411  5.9748 3.435e-09 ***      
                idOregon                        2.292152    0.227143 10.0912 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                  3.322277    0.232527 14.2877 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                   1.984150    0.271778  7.3006 6.792e-13 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                 2.014765    0.241115  8.3560 2.768e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota                  -0.338304    0.243394 -1.3899 0.1649237          
                idTennessee                     1.738881    0.223695  7.7735 2.293e-14 ***      
                idTexas                         3.437726    0.233510 14.7220 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                          1.583547    0.223238  7.0935 2.832e-12 ***      
                idVermont                       0.671469    0.223245  3.0078 0.0027124 **       
                idVirginia                      2.578054    0.227806 11.3169 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWashington                    2.788689    0.228767 12.1901 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWestVirginia                  0.195871    0.226896  0.8633 0.3882467          
                idWisconsin                     2.555122    0.227231 11.2446 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWyoming                       0.237710    0.224139  1.0605 0.2892092          
                time2001                        8.564272   32.138105  0.2665 0.7899341          
                time2002                        9.262919   33.779997  0.2742 0.7839901          
                time2003                        9.333836   33.831269  0.2759 0.7826994          
                time2004                       11.373320   39.244543  0.2898 0.7720378          
                time2005                       11.603100   38.965174  0.2978 0.7659457          
                time2006                        9.753081   31.916811  0.3056 0.7600036          
                time2007                        8.227461   26.209300  0.3139 0.7536665          
                time2008                        4.991111   16.825454  0.2966 0.7668163          
                time2009                        1.573493    5.729971  0.2746 0.7836872          
                time2010                        1.163105    4.333782  0.2684 0.7884736          
                time2011                        1.593190    4.831856  0.3297 0.7416912          
                time2012                        1.505698    3.899775  0.3861 0.6995240          
                time2013                        0.453737    2.072516  0.2189 0.8267587          
                time2014                       -1.030361    1.162261 -0.8865 0.3756013          
                time2015                       -0.211785    0.603040 -0.3512 0.7255325          
                iis4                           -1.287736    0.310063 -4.1531 3.624e-05 ***      
                iis10                          -1.292055    0.309978 -4.1682 3.397e-05 ***      
                iis13                          -0.952364    0.310463 -3.0676 0.0022292 **       
                iis17                          -1.555658    0.310263 -5.0140 6.539e-07 ***      
                iis22                           0.854394    0.327217  2.6111 0.0091906 **       
                iis41                          -0.833916    0.306986 -2.7165 0.0067377 **       
                iis58                           1.835389    0.345293  5.3155 1.373e-07 ***      
                iis63                          -1.834868    0.317402 -5.7809 1.057e-08 ***      
                iis64                          -1.488481    0.318276 -4.6767 3.409e-06 ***      
                iis65                          -1.477553    0.317560 -4.6528 3.818e-06 ***      
                iis72                          -1.623267    0.316605 -5.1271 3.675e-07 ***      
                iis76                          -1.885973    0.423673 -4.4515 9.710e-06 ***      
                iis156                         -1.383783    0.322656 -4.2887 2.012e-05 ***      
                iis160                         -1.194505    0.347434 -3.4381 0.0006155 ***      
                iis217                          0.632016    0.319228  1.9798 0.0480577 *        
                iis224                         -1.349125    0.319088 -4.2281 2.623e-05 ***      
                iis225                          1.330078    0.320598  4.1487 3.693e-05 ***      
                iis226                         -1.242724    0.321187 -3.8692 0.0001179 ***      
                iis227                         -1.465807    0.320518 -4.5732 5.545e-06 ***      
                iis229                         -1.248388    0.307321 -4.0622 5.330e-05 ***      
                iis315                         -0.960789    0.306728 -3.1324 0.0017957 **       
                iis324                         -1.076845    0.307836 -3.4981 0.0004938 ***      
                iis329                         -1.475828    0.307204 -4.8041 1.849e-06 ***      
                iis343                         -0.999518    0.315171 -3.1713 0.0015739 **       
                iis361                          0.836665    0.333825  2.5063 0.0123933 *        
                iis365                         -1.419522    0.307534 -4.6158 4.545e-06 ***      
                iis371                         -1.117283    0.307547 -3.6329 0.0002977 ***      
                iis457                          0.986316    0.322917  3.0544 0.0023283 **       
                iis458                          1.719743    0.323357  5.3184 1.352e-07 ***      
                iis459                          1.453769    0.324775  4.4762 8.674e-06 ***      
                iis469                         -0.706080    0.314679 -2.2438 0.0251115 *        
                iis476                         -1.446253    0.307237 -4.7073 2.947e-06 ***      
                iis505                          1.035163    0.306770  3.3744 0.0007746 ***      
                iis521                         -1.507157    0.316264 -4.7655 2.229e-06 ***      
                iis523                         -1.279289    0.314788 -4.0640 5.290e-05 ***      
                iis532                          1.684051    0.423601  3.9756 7.642e-05 ***      
                iis550                         -1.585960    0.423225 -3.7473 0.0001913 ***      
                iis652                          1.093047    0.307979  3.5491 0.0004086 ***      
                iis653                         -1.107725    0.309033 -3.5845 0.0003577 ***      
                iis657                         -0.963478    0.307743 -3.1308 0.0018053 **       
                iis705                          1.299670    0.306965  4.2339 2.557e-05 ***      
                iis783                          1.715184    0.322507  5.3183 1.353e-07 ***      
                iis788                          1.249651    0.322337  3.8768 0.0001143 ***      
                iis789                          0.999166    0.323712  3.0866 0.0020929 **       
                iis793                          0.745394    0.322293  2.3128 0.0209819 *        
                iis796                          0.867234    0.322746  2.6870 0.0073550 **       
                iis801                         -1.258902    0.306830 -4.1029 4.488e-05 ***      
                iis857                         -0.935359    0.307434 -3.0425 0.0024214 **       
                iis865                          0.784519    0.307531  2.5510 0.0109217 *        
                iis875                         -1.184085    0.307296 -3.8532 0.0001257 ***      
                iis925                         -1.308447    0.310111 -4.2193 2.725e-05 ***      
                iis952                          1.243470    0.307957  4.0378 5.903e-05 ***      
                iis967                         -1.193904    0.307952 -3.8769 0.0001143 ***      
                iis968                         -1.219300    0.309630 -3.9379 8.919e-05 ***      
                fesisAlabama.2003               1.046214    0.227155  4.6057 4.765e-06 ***      
                fesisAlaska.2007               -1.032145    0.176821 -5.8372 7.649e-09 ***      
                fesisAlaska.2014                0.623618    0.166373  3.7483 0.0001906 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2005              1.158932    0.202347  5.7275 1.432e-08 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2017             -1.117440    0.317097 -3.5240 0.0004487 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2018              1.344180    0.423252  3.1758 0.0015501 **       
                fesisConnecticut.2009          -0.627591    0.139864 -4.4872 8.252e-06 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014             -0.820890    0.148674 -5.5214 4.518e-08 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008   -0.678901    0.212514 -3.1946 0.0014539 **       
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012    0.988500    0.205615  4.8075 1.818e-06 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2009               -0.530965    0.160306 -3.3122 0.0009663 ***      
                fesisIowa.2002                  1.973860    0.422758  4.6690 3.536e-06 ***      
                fesisIowa.2003                 -1.055055    0.308370 -3.4214 0.0006539 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2011            -0.933907    0.180562 -5.1722 2.911e-07 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015             0.909358    0.211783  4.2938 1.967e-05 ***      
                fesisMississippi.2010          -0.405868    0.158388 -2.5625 0.0105702 *        
                fesisNebraska.2002             -1.278045    0.345174 -3.7026 0.0002277 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2005              0.948237    0.199214  4.7599 2.290e-06 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2016              0.859569    0.235219  3.6543 0.0002743 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2018             -1.523392    0.365731 -4.1653 3.439e-05 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012               -0.570009    0.152561 -3.7363 0.0001998 ***      
                fesisNevada.2018                0.755559    0.323103  2.3384 0.0196043 *        
                fesisRhodeIsland.2004          -0.892668    0.188692 -4.7308 2.634e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008         0.842460    0.143508  5.8705 6.313e-09 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008           0.906388    0.173827  5.2143 2.339e-07 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2018          -0.841190    0.243904 -3.4489 0.0005918 ***      
                fesisWestVirginia.2015         -0.812211    0.157834 -5.1460 3.334e-07 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   1.3503  1  0.2452      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 1.8062  1  0.1790      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.29540      
                R-squared           0.96339      
                Log-lik.(n=969)  -117.81890      
us_q20

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q20 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 01:38:15 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 855       
                Sample: 1 to 855       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                             0.016258    0.027005  0.6020 0.5473406          
                lgdp                         -106.546145  904.950685 -0.1177 0.9063090          
                lpop                           91.339293  751.310506  0.1216 0.9032710          
                lgdp_sq                         3.599979   31.499918  0.1143 0.9090436          
                avg_temp                       -0.167731    0.462975 -0.3623 0.7172421          
                idArizona                       2.660693    0.214051 12.4302 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                     -0.304341    0.254208 -1.1972 0.2316197          
                idCalifornia                    4.948491    0.237199 20.8622 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                      3.000728    0.216410 13.8659 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                   3.659678    0.234253 15.6228 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                      2.511190    0.217273 11.5578 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia            0.972551    0.226852  4.2872 2.057e-05 ***      
                idFlorida                       3.091890    0.217168 14.2373 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idGeorgia                       2.401195    0.212688 11.2898 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idHawaii                        1.052215    0.222956  4.7194 2.844e-06 ***      
                idIdaho                         1.100052    0.208522  5.2755 1.755e-07 ***      
                idIllinois                      3.090062    0.217397 14.2139 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIndiana                       1.950598    0.210071  9.2854 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIowa                          0.064949    0.339529  0.1913 0.8483508          
                idKansas                        0.766017    0.208926  3.6665 0.0002641 ***      
                idKentucky                      0.987453    0.208994  4.7248 2.772e-06 ***      
                idLouisiana                     1.072012    0.218284  4.9111 1.122e-06 ***      
                idMaine                         0.816620    0.220027  3.7114 0.0002220 ***      
                idMaryland                      2.264153    0.211707 10.6948 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMassachusetts                 3.784176    0.223806 16.9083 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                      3.352273    0.219528 15.2704 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota                     2.918921    0.215974 13.5151 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMissouri                      1.657034    0.209678  7.9028 1.027e-14 ***      
                idNebraska                      0.831298    0.339760  2.4467 0.0146550 *        
                idNevada                        1.839641    0.216540  8.4956 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewHampshire                  1.815362    0.209699  8.6570 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey                     2.976846    0.216642 13.7408 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewMexico                     1.943657    0.210231  9.2453 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewYork                       4.023340    0.226462 17.7661 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                 2.988724    0.216402 13.8110 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOhio                          3.350101    0.219666 15.2509 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOklahoma                      1.384007    0.208233  6.6464 5.941e-11 ***      
                idOregon                        2.841179    0.286017  9.9336 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                  3.418651    0.220119 15.5309 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                   1.772029    0.255072  6.9472 8.367e-12 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                 2.085252    0.226156  9.2204 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota                  -0.312950    0.227872 -1.3734 0.1700698          
                idTennessee                     1.798019    0.209600  8.5784 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                         3.536584    0.221274 15.9828 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                          1.700957    0.209683  8.1121 2.154e-15 ***      
                idVermont                       0.505637    0.254104  1.9899 0.0469830 *        
                idVirginia                      2.658578    0.214380 12.4012 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWashington                    2.874394    0.215696 13.3262 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWisconsin                     2.635684    0.213887 12.3228 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2001                        2.696846   32.258272  0.0836 0.9333964          
                time2002                        3.066980   33.905884  0.0905 0.9279503          
                time2003                        3.080651   33.958087  0.0907 0.9277410          
                time2004                        4.006139   39.391153  0.1017 0.9190220          
                time2005                        4.296387   39.110906  0.1099 0.9125579          
                time2006                        3.659693   32.035694  0.1142 0.9090811          
                time2007                        3.199731   26.306789  0.1216 0.9032250          
                time2008                        1.945921   16.889320  0.1152 0.9083061          
                time2009                        0.710246    5.752552  0.1235 0.9017725          
                time2010                        0.558244    4.351301  0.1283 0.8979525          
                time2011                        0.781385    4.850353  0.1611 0.8720610          
                time2012                        0.782654    3.913825  0.2000 0.8415594          
                time2013                        0.263082    2.081585  0.1264 0.8994623          
                time2014                       -0.542298    1.164908 -0.4655 0.6416941          
                time2015                       -0.059488    0.605356 -0.0983 0.9217452          
                iis4                           -1.275937    0.290341 -4.3946 1.277e-05 ***      
                iis10                          -1.279155    0.289991 -4.4110 1.187e-05 ***      
                iis13                          -0.924965    0.290541 -3.1836 0.0015174 **       
                iis17                          -1.567708    0.290387 -5.3987 9.131e-08 ***      
                iis39                           1.819928    0.323173  5.6314 2.566e-08 ***      
                iis44                          -1.812961    0.295380 -6.1377 1.384e-09 ***      
                iis45                          -1.494551    0.296121 -5.0471 5.690e-07 ***      
                iis46                          -1.511257    0.295443 -5.1152 4.025e-07 ***      
                iis53                          -1.636909    0.294467 -5.5589 3.830e-08 ***      
                iis55                          -1.151574    0.295010 -3.9035 0.0001037 ***      
                iis57                          -1.739810    0.295659 -5.8845 6.124e-09 ***      
                iis137                         -1.365875    0.302072 -4.5217 7.175e-06 ***      
                iis141                         -0.952046    0.345782 -2.7533 0.0060487 **       
                iis198                          0.644126    0.298749  2.1561 0.0314089 *        
                iis205                         -1.337385    0.298580 -4.4791 8.717e-06 ***      
                iis206                          1.286347    0.300390  4.2823 2.102e-05 ***      
                iis207                         -1.232980    0.300956 -4.0969 4.665e-05 ***      
                iis208                         -1.465738    0.300099 -4.8842 1.281e-06 ***      
                iis210                         -1.270099    0.287713 -4.4145 1.168e-05 ***      
                iis268                          0.962292    0.288799  3.3320 0.0009063 ***      
                iis287                         -0.910913    0.287692 -3.1663 0.0016093 **       
                iis296                         -0.992662    0.287319 -3.4549 0.0005828 ***      
                iis305                         -1.084468    0.288293 -3.7617 0.0001825 ***      
                iis310                         -1.444202    0.287442 -5.0243 6.383e-07 ***      
                iis324                         -1.015266    0.295075 -3.4407 0.0006138 ***      
                iis342                          0.771612    0.312656  2.4679 0.0138218 *        
                iis346                         -1.254843    0.296438 -4.2331 2.604e-05 ***      
                iis352                         -1.239509    0.294605 -4.2074 2.911e-05 ***      
                iis438                         -1.462872    0.287649 -5.0856 4.681e-07 ***      
                iis463                          0.845218    0.342140  2.4704 0.0137280 *        
                iis464                         -0.784031    0.326275 -2.4030 0.0165149 *        
                iis472                          0.768730    0.305915  2.5129 0.0121926 *        
                iis475                          1.567318    0.396964  3.9483 8.647e-05 ***      
                iis493                         -0.803912    0.301884 -2.6630 0.0079185 **       
                iis629                          0.760404    0.342811  2.2181 0.0268574 *        
                iis668                          0.640155    0.322598  1.9844 0.0475944 *        
                iis684                         -0.883859    0.289517 -3.0529 0.0023503 **       
                iis701                          0.575867    0.291925  1.9727 0.0489182 *        
                iis707                          1.724980    0.301837  5.7149 1.609e-08 ***      
                iis712                          1.282322    0.298535  4.2954 1.984e-05 ***      
                iis713                          1.066457    0.299807  3.5571 0.0003995 ***      
                iis717                          0.789404    0.298499  2.6446 0.0083580 **       
                iis720                          0.874482    0.299138  2.9233 0.0035720 **       
                iis722                         -1.415808    0.299281 -4.7307 2.695e-06 ***      
                iis725                         -1.220868    0.287045 -4.2532 2.386e-05 ***      
                iis781                         -0.797500    0.322812 -2.4705 0.0137246 *        
                iis799                         -1.204899    0.287689 -4.1882 3.162e-05 ***      
                fesisAlabama.2003               1.090263    0.212663  5.1267 3.795e-07 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2005              1.194308    0.186541  6.4024 2.763e-10 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009          -0.642231    0.131254 -4.8930 1.227e-06 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014             -0.850691    0.139514 -6.0975 1.759e-09 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008   -0.892714    0.230030 -3.8809 0.0001137 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2011    1.031801    0.227467  4.5361 6.716e-06 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2018    0.506850    0.224152  2.2612 0.0240457 *        
                fesisHawaii.2009               -0.541367    0.150272 -3.6026 0.0003368 ***      
                fesisIowa.2002                  0.947178    0.288269  3.2857 0.0010665 **       
                fesisLouisiana.2011            -0.939454    0.169286 -5.5495 4.032e-08 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015             0.906333    0.198255  4.5716 5.700e-06 ***      
                fesisMaine.2010                 0.310101    0.136692  2.2686 0.0235878 *        
                fesisNebraska.2002             -1.275165    0.323089 -3.9468 8.699e-05 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2005              0.832057    0.255056  3.2623 0.0011576 **       
                fesisNebraska.2008             -0.562686    0.255407 -2.2031 0.0279046 *        
                fesisNebraska.2012              0.917764    0.206534  4.4436 1.024e-05 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2018             -0.848602    0.306516 -2.7685 0.0057760 **       
                fesisNevada.2012               -0.584696    0.143106 -4.0857 4.889e-05 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019                0.669255    0.302866  2.2097 0.0274379 *        
                fesisOregon.2004               -0.526412    0.211259 -2.4918 0.0129349 *        
                fesisRhodeIsland.2005          -0.597358    0.179598 -3.3261 0.0009256 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008         0.808936    0.136779  5.9142 5.159e-09 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008           0.890880    0.157687  5.6497 2.318e-08 ***      
                fesisUtah.2019                 -1.053868    0.287406 -3.6668 0.0002637 ***      
                fesisVermont.2005               0.597684    0.190281  3.1411 0.0017525 **       
                fesisVermont.2013              -0.623302    0.145143 -4.2944 1.993e-05 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                    Chi-sq df p-value        
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.064624  1 0.79933        
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 2.743610  1 0.09764 .      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                
                SE of regression   0.27601      
                R-squared          0.96046      
                Log-lik.(n=855)  -44.04703      
us_q30

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 01:38:00 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 684       
                Sample: 1 to 684       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                             0.074889    0.030922   2.4219 0.0157436 *        
                lgdp                         -393.616486  359.902381  -1.0937 0.2745466          
                lpop                          383.948184  350.887050   1.0942 0.2743074          
                lgdp_sq                         9.486102    8.677021   1.0932 0.2747359          
                avg_temp                        0.929909    0.817662   1.1373 0.2558867          
                idCalifornia                    2.108958    0.107500  19.6182 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                      0.308313    0.081635   3.7768 0.0001751 ***      
                idConnecticut                   0.886656    0.108793   8.1499 2.213e-15 ***      
                idDelaware                     -0.131080    0.090951  -1.4412 0.1500599          
                idDistrictofColumbia           -1.615936    0.132026 -12.2395 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idFlorida                       0.362881    0.081016   4.4791 9.013e-06 ***      
                idGeorgia                      -0.328404    0.081163  -4.0462 5.902e-05 ***      
                idIdaho                        -1.509947    0.095315 -15.8416 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIllinois                      0.359380    0.081170   4.4275 1.137e-05 ***      
                idIndiana                      -0.710139    0.082915  -8.5647 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIowa                         -1.599133    0.095564 -16.7336 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idKentucky                     -1.607808    0.099567 -16.1481 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMaryland                     -0.416753    0.080703  -5.1640 3.317e-07 ***      
                idMassachusetts                 1.012140    0.087747  11.5348 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                      0.606753    0.082932   7.3163 8.430e-13 ***      
                idMinnesota                     0.198993    0.080346   2.4767 0.0135413 *        
                idMissouri                     -0.986416    0.087301 -11.2990 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNevada                       -0.900635    0.088848 -10.1368 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewHampshire                 -0.834044    0.085907  -9.7087 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey                     0.251770    0.080692   3.1202 0.0018964 **       
                idNewMexico                    -0.566178    0.105125  -5.3858 1.046e-07 ***      
                idNewYork                       1.236414    0.091282  13.5450 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                 0.265478    0.080558   3.2955 0.0010419 **       
                idOhio                          0.603662    0.083064   7.2674 1.176e-12 ***      
                idOklahoma                     -1.242957    0.089372 -13.9077 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOregon                        0.119016    0.184383   0.6455 0.5188684          
                idPennsylvania                  0.669238    0.083510   8.0139 6.037e-15 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                  -0.622665    0.155624  -4.0011 7.113e-05 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                 0.013260    0.253803   0.0522 0.9583512          
                idTennessee                    -0.846233    0.086465  -9.7870 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                         0.779794    0.084730   9.2033 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                         -1.232015    0.129208  -9.5351 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idVirginia                     -0.043522    0.080980  -0.5374 0.5911677          
                idWashington                    0.156667    0.080226   1.9528 0.0513156 .        
                idWisconsin                    -0.066769    0.079853  -0.8361 0.4034156          
                time2001                       56.895339   52.411697   1.0855 0.2781260          
                time2002                       53.740621   49.412850   1.0876 0.2772259          
                time2003                       54.470081   50.083496   1.0876 0.2772253          
                time2004                       52.964067   48.595621   1.0899 0.2762079          
                time2005                       51.209049   46.842748   1.0932 0.2747500          
                time2006                       45.988223   41.926230   1.0969 0.2731425          
                time2007                       41.946528   38.152382   1.0994 0.2720245          
                time2008                       34.724026   31.425478   1.1050 0.2696286          
                time2009                       17.078684   15.126690   1.1290 0.2593416          
                time2010                       15.559260   13.734123   1.1329 0.2577235          
                time2011                       15.152060   13.374629   1.1329 0.2577213          
                time2012                       11.617630   10.272580   1.1309 0.2585447          
                time2013                        9.754904    8.528900   1.1437 0.2531955          
                time2014                        4.124255    3.708705   1.1120 0.2665739          
                time2015                        2.021674    1.725321   1.1718 0.2417669          
                iis3                           -0.821208    0.253272  -3.2424 0.0012526 **       
                iis40                          -0.586998    0.253215  -2.3182 0.0207830 *        
                iis87                          -0.791612    0.256487  -3.0864 0.0021219 **       
                iis99                          -1.409963    0.266268  -5.2953 1.683e-07 ***      
                iis103                         -1.034938    0.306933  -3.3719 0.0007958 ***      
                iis107                          0.876908    0.284486   3.0824 0.0021496 **       
                iis108                          0.865850    0.284556   3.0428 0.0024487 **       
                iis110                          0.931926    0.284702   3.2733 0.0011254 **       
                iis111                          1.076301    0.284625   3.7815 0.0001719 ***      
                iis113                          1.202421    0.284819   4.2217 2.810e-05 ***      
                iis114                          0.879425    0.285356   3.0819 0.0021538 **       
                iis144                          0.730668    0.253273   2.8849 0.0040594 **       
                iis153                         -1.210176    0.253780  -4.7686 2.344e-06 ***      
                iis210                         -0.881488    0.254343  -3.4657 0.0005675 ***      
                iis211                          0.985473    0.255113   3.8629 0.0001245 ***      
                iis229                         -1.064359    0.254256  -4.1862 3.273e-05 ***      
                iis234                         -1.501616    0.253435  -5.9250 5.328e-09 ***      
                iis324                         -1.418074    0.253639  -5.5909 3.466e-08 ***      
                iis355                         -0.830344    0.253960  -3.2696 0.0011402 **       
                iis356                         -0.856806    0.255054  -3.3593 0.0008321 ***      
                iis360                         -1.261341    0.253958  -4.9667 8.945e-07 ***      
                iis370                         -0.734323    0.253430  -2.8975 0.0039017 **       
                iis496                          0.752331    0.302360   2.4882 0.0131158 *        
                iis538                          0.622549    0.255396   2.4376 0.0150823 *        
                iis551                         -0.860205    0.255120  -3.3718 0.0007961 ***      
                iis568                          0.662455    0.258220   2.5655 0.0105513 *        
                iis569                          0.594767    0.259313   2.2936 0.0221653 *        
                iis573                         -1.230702    0.253159  -4.8614 1.499e-06 ***      
                iis624                         -0.963504    0.256298  -3.7593 0.0001875 ***      
                iis627                         -1.235506    0.256527  -4.8163 1.864e-06 ***      
                iis628                         -1.147641    0.253737  -4.5230 7.384e-06 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009          -0.591928    0.116128  -5.0972 4.659e-07 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014             -0.845177    0.125102  -6.7559 3.430e-11 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008   -0.859883    0.203700  -4.2213 2.815e-05 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2011    0.458103    0.229439   1.9966 0.0463284 *        
                fesisNewHampshire.2019          0.622115    0.253787   2.4513 0.0145240 *        
                fesisNewMexico.2009            -0.630180    0.167298  -3.7668 0.0001820 ***      
                fesisNewMexico.2012             0.502848    0.166800   3.0147 0.0026839 **       
                fesisOregon.2004               -0.491172    0.186803  -2.6294 0.0087793 **       
                fesisRhodeIsland.2004          -0.836328    0.157797  -5.3000 1.642e-07 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2002        -0.710154    0.266494  -2.6648 0.0079156 **       
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008         0.823575    0.129075   6.3806 3.585e-10 ***      
                fesisUtah.2006                  0.469693    0.131618   3.5686 0.0003883 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.66136  1  0.4161      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 2.46273  1  0.1166      
                                               
                SE of regression  0.24267      
                R-squared         0.95606      
                Log-lik.(n=684)  47.02062      

Log Patent Count

0.01

us_all

                Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_all (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 01:25:18 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 969       
                Sample: 1 to 969       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                           5.1807e-02  3.0254e-02  1.7124 0.0871834 .        
                lgdp                         -4.3377e+02  9.0280e+02 -0.4805 0.6310174          
                lpop                          3.6197e+02  7.4956e+02  0.4829 0.6292819          
                lgdp_sq                       1.5030e+01  3.1423e+01  0.4783 0.6325625          
                avg_temp                     -2.8471e-01  4.6183e-01 -0.6165 0.5377395          
                idAlaska                     -5.2549e-01  1.4541e-01 -3.6139 0.0003190 ***      
                idArizona                     1.6322e+00  1.1235e-01 14.5274 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                   -3.0094e-01  1.0467e-01 -2.8751 0.0041375 **       
                idCalifornia                  3.7925e+00  1.5648e-01 24.2362 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                    1.9471e+00  1.1714e-01 16.6217 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                 2.5397e+00  1.5305e-01 16.5943 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                    1.4882e+00  1.2042e-01 12.3582 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia          2.1996e-01  1.4432e-01  1.5241 0.1278392          
                idFlorida                     2.0303e+00  1.1864e-01 17.1128 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idGeorgia                     1.3946e+00  1.0959e-01 12.7256 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idHawaii                      3.3079e-01  1.2983e-01  2.5479 0.0110100 *        
                idIdaho                       2.3856e-01  9.9729e-02  2.3920 0.0169673 *        
                idIllinois                    2.0270e+00  1.1907e-01 17.0237 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIndiana                     9.9266e-01  1.0433e-01  9.5145 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIowa                        2.2099e-01  9.9716e-02  2.2162 0.0269349 *        
                idKansas                     -4.3210e-02  9.9396e-02 -0.4347 0.6638724          
                idKentucky                    1.6035e-01  1.0089e-01  1.5894 0.1123355          
                idLouisiana                   9.8070e-02  9.9441e-02  0.9862 0.3243039          
                idMaine                       9.9886e-02  9.9432e-02  1.0046 0.3153844          
                idMaryland                    1.2702e+00  1.0759e-01 11.8057 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMassachusetts               2.6799e+00  1.3168e-01 20.3514 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                    2.2734e+00  1.2334e-01 18.4324 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota                   1.8677e+00  1.1621e-01 16.0712 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMississippi                -9.0524e-01  1.0699e-01 -8.4607 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMissouri                    7.3709e-01  1.0340e-01  7.1288 2.132e-12 ***      
                idMontana                    -4.5581e-01  1.0022e-01 -4.5479 6.190e-06 ***      
                idNebraska                   -4.3904e-01  1.1782e-01 -3.7264 0.0002068 ***      
                idNevada                      6.8320e-01  1.0208e-01  6.6926 3.932e-11 ***      
                idNewHampshire                8.7528e-01  1.0358e-01  8.4504 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey                   1.9212e+00  1.1756e-01 16.3427 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewMexico                   9.8668e-01  1.0464e-01  9.4295 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewYork                     2.9062e+00  1.3675e-01 21.2513 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina               1.9339e+00  1.1708e-01 16.5171 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthDakota                -5.7897e-01  1.0285e-01 -5.6295 2.440e-08 ***      
                idOhio                        2.2698e+00  1.2358e-01 18.3666 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOklahoma                    5.1402e-01  1.0077e-01  5.1007 4.157e-07 ***      
                idOregon                      1.3626e+00  1.1117e-01 12.2569 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                2.3358e+00  1.2450e-01 18.7611 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                 1.1038e+00  1.9397e-01  5.6908 1.730e-08 ***      
                idSouthCarolina               1.1064e+00  1.4098e-01  7.8480 1.244e-14 ***      
                idSouthDakota                -5.4711e-01  1.3719e-01 -3.9880 7.226e-05 ***      
                idTennessee                   8.7088e-01  1.0385e-01  8.3858 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                       2.4466e+00  1.2677e-01 19.3001 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                        7.4114e-01  1.0267e-01  7.2186 1.148e-12 ***      
                idVermont                    -8.1227e-03  9.9400e-02 -0.0817 0.9348908          
                idVirginia                    1.6299e+00  1.1281e-01 14.4489 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWashington                  1.8272e+00  1.1567e-01 15.7975 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWestVirginia               -5.7655e-01  1.0066e-01 -5.7276 1.404e-08 ***      
                idWisconsin                   1.6092e+00  1.1203e-01 14.3635 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWyoming                    -3.2796e-01  1.0612e-01 -3.0904 0.0020628 **       
                time2001                      1.4627e+01  3.2174e+01  0.4546 0.6495042          
                time2002                      1.5532e+01  3.3819e+01  0.4593 0.6461638          
                time2003                      1.5674e+01  3.3872e+01  0.4627 0.6436752          
                time2004                      1.8437e+01  3.9295e+01  0.4692 0.6390383          
                time2005                      1.8567e+01  3.9017e+01  0.4759 0.6342838          
                time2006                      1.5381e+01  3.1959e+01  0.4813 0.6304370          
                time2007                      1.2789e+01  2.6243e+01  0.4873 0.6261417          
                time2008                      8.1857e+00  1.6847e+01  0.4859 0.6271822          
                time2009                      2.9788e+00  5.7354e+00  0.5194 0.6036308          
                time2010                      2.2716e+00  4.3383e+00  0.5236 0.6006880          
                time2011                      2.5880e+00  4.8366e+00  0.5351 0.5927239          
                time2012                      2.2044e+00  3.9027e+00  0.5648 0.5723328          
                time2013                      1.0829e+00  2.0755e+00  0.5218 0.6019727          
                time2014                     -7.4985e-01  1.1635e+00 -0.6445 0.5194328          
                time2015                     -2.5003e-01  6.0548e-01 -0.4129 0.6797464          
                iis58                         1.0483e+00  3.1925e-01  3.2836 0.0010661 **       
                iis63                        -1.0420e+00  3.1983e-01 -3.2581 0.0011654 **       
                iis76                        -9.1240e-01  3.1980e-01 -2.8530 0.0044339 **       
                iis156                       -1.0126e+00  3.3433e-01 -3.0287 0.0025286 **       
                iis224                       -9.3141e-01  3.3081e-01 -2.8156 0.0049795 **       
                iis225                        1.1429e+00  3.3189e-01  3.4438 0.0006012 ***      
                iis226                       -8.6232e-01  3.3254e-01 -2.5931 0.0096722 **       
                iis227                       -1.0182e+00  3.3163e-01 -3.0703 0.0022049 **       
                iis329                       -1.0978e+00  3.1801e-01 -3.4521 0.0005832 ***      
                iis457                        1.1000e+00  3.1938e-01  3.4442 0.0006003 ***      
                iis458                        1.6060e+00  3.2063e-01  5.0090 6.630e-07 ***      
                iis459                        1.3698e+00  3.2225e-01  4.2508 2.361e-05 ***      
                iis476                       -1.0112e+00  3.1816e-01 -3.1784 0.0015335 **       
                iis521                       -8.8426e-01  3.2466e-01 -2.7236 0.0065868 **       
                iis653                       -9.0592e-01  3.1905e-01 -2.8395 0.0046244 **       
                iis705                        1.2075e+00  3.1809e-01  3.7962 0.0001572 ***      
                iis798                       -1.3440e+00  3.2346e-01 -4.1551 3.573e-05 ***      
                iis801                       -9.8570e-01  3.1802e-01 -3.0995 0.0020013 **       
                iis875                       -1.0001e+00  3.1828e-01 -3.1421 0.0017342 **       
                iis952                        1.0071e+00  3.1976e-01  3.1495 0.0016914 **       
                fesisAlaska.2007             -9.8105e-01  1.7397e-01 -5.6393 2.310e-08 ***      
                fesisAlaska.2014              5.5286e-01  1.7245e-01  3.2060 0.0013952 **       
                fesisConnecticut.2009        -5.6784e-01  1.4482e-01 -3.9209 9.518e-05 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014           -7.4059e-01  1.5403e-01 -4.8081 1.796e-06 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -1.0174e+00  2.1925e-01 -4.6405 4.013e-06 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2011  1.1970e+00  2.0746e-01  5.7699 1.104e-08 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2009             -5.3890e-01  1.6080e-01 -3.3514 0.0008389 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2013            5.7424e-01  1.5098e-01  3.8034 0.0001527 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2004        -7.9490e-01  1.9541e-01 -4.0679 5.177e-05 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008       7.9803e-01  1.4907e-01  5.3533 1.107e-07 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008         7.0736e-01  1.5129e-01  4.6755 3.400e-06 ***      
                fesisWyoming.2017            -6.9241e-01  1.9716e-01 -3.5119 0.0004679 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   1.0428  1  0.3072      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 1.1616  1  0.2811      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.30636      
                R-squared           0.94561      
                Log-lik.(n=969)  -177.62425      
us_q20

                Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q20 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 01:28:43 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 855       
                Sample: 1 to 855       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                   coef  std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                            0.022170   0.030953  0.7163 0.4740567          
                lgdp                         -88.530513 888.486112 -0.0996 0.9206550          
                lpop                          75.802073 737.661699  0.1028 0.9181808          
                lgdp_sq                        2.985912  30.925567  0.0966 0.9231081          
                avg_temp                      -0.106648   0.454399 -0.2347 0.8145041          
                idArizona                      1.634030   0.107043 15.2652 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                    -0.470706   0.156714 -3.0036 0.0027561 **       
                idCalifornia                   3.861375   0.154740 24.9540 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                     1.958290   0.112328 17.4337 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                  2.591917   0.146616 17.6783 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                     1.493819   0.113859 13.1199 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia           0.192929   0.133234  1.4480 0.1480180          
                idFlorida                      2.044288   0.113980 17.9355 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idGeorgia                      1.390328   0.103971 13.3723 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idHawaii                       0.308637   0.120113  2.5696 0.0103735 *        
                idIdaho                        0.197027   0.092794  2.1233 0.0340543 *        
                idIllinois                     2.041668   0.114444 17.8399 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIndiana                      0.974207   0.098068  9.9340 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIowa                         0.130152   0.094139  1.3825 0.1672127          
                idKansas                      -0.092383   0.092377 -1.0001 0.3175953          
                idKentucky                     0.112023   0.093778  1.1945 0.2326379          
                idLouisiana                    0.160462   0.111537  1.4386 0.1506656          
                idMaine                        0.156057   0.095099  1.6410 0.1012123          
                idMaryland                     1.261065   0.101738 12.3952 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMassachusetts                2.714967   0.128175 21.1817 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                     2.295480   0.119118 19.2706 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota                    1.877134   0.111305 16.8648 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMissouri                     0.708077   0.096661  7.3254 6.120e-13 ***      
                idNebraska                    -0.426447   0.116478 -3.6612 0.0002685 ***      
                idNevada                       0.934751   0.120017  7.7885 2.238e-14 ***      
                idNewHampshire                 0.854308   0.097215  8.7878 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey                    1.933213   0.112787 17.1403 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewMexico                    0.969202   0.098414  9.8482 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewYork                      2.948661   0.133648 22.0630 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                1.944999   0.112266 17.3250 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOhio                         2.292182   0.119381 19.2006 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOklahoma                     0.480769   0.094012  5.1139 4.002e-07 ***      
                idOregon                       2.080390   0.187800 11.0777 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idPennsylvania                 2.359737   0.120385 19.6015 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                  1.111517   0.179326  6.1983 9.379e-10 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                1.116264   0.131616  8.4812 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota                 -0.778929   0.134179 -5.8051 9.464e-09 ***      
                idTennessee                    0.842978   0.097200  8.6726 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                        2.474170   0.122849 20.1399 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                         0.716835   0.096186  7.4526 2.507e-13 ***      
                idVermont                     -0.056707   0.092384 -0.6138 0.5395229          
                idVirginia                     1.627982   0.107214 15.1844 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWashington                   1.835673   0.110703 16.5819 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWisconsin                    1.610300   0.106685 15.0940 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2001                       2.137520  31.666050  0.0675 0.9462000          
                time2002                       2.465044  33.284251  0.0741 0.9409819          
                time2003                       2.555735  33.336357  0.0767 0.9389102          
                time2004                       3.313569  38.672488  0.0857 0.9317412          
                time2005                       3.619830  38.398300  0.0943 0.9249192          
                time2006                       3.065918  31.452064  0.0975 0.9223718          
                time2007                       2.705210  25.827457  0.1047 0.9166086          
                time2008                       1.694616  16.580864  0.1022 0.9186225          
                time2009                       0.701349   5.645484  0.1242 0.9011647          
                time2010                       0.597343   4.270415  0.1399 0.8887925          
                time2011                       0.716020   4.760589  0.1504 0.8804846          
                time2012                       0.691139   3.841403  0.1799 0.8572649          
                time2013                       0.305431   2.043077  0.1495 0.8812024          
                time2014                      -0.332679   1.144130 -0.2908 0.7713064          
                time2015                      -0.060963   0.595369 -0.1024 0.9184707          
                iis17                         -0.940652   0.291991 -3.2215 0.0013298 **       
                iis39                          1.189689   0.317654  3.7452 0.0001939 ***      
                iis57                         -1.081232   0.298419 -3.6232 0.0003104 ***      
                iis137                        -1.000393   0.307015 -3.2585 0.0011703 **       
                iis205                        -0.918223   0.303581 -3.0246 0.0025736 **       
                iis206                         1.102803   0.304787  3.6183 0.0003163 ***      
                iis207                        -0.857725   0.305630 -2.8064 0.0051384 **       
                iis208                        -1.040483   0.304515 -3.4169 0.0006674 ***      
                iis268                         0.933889   0.292416  3.1937 0.0014628 **       
                iis310                        -1.042060   0.291816 -3.5709 0.0003782 ***      
                iis346                        -1.000987   0.292495 -3.4222 0.0006545 ***      
                iis352                        -0.957126   0.292493 -3.2723 0.0011152 **       
                iis438                        -0.972837   0.291981 -3.3318 0.0009047 ***      
                iis464                        -0.922388   0.301000 -3.0644 0.0022585 **       
                iis466                        -0.822975   0.299484 -2.7480 0.0061393 **       
                iis707                         1.327452   0.306863  4.3259 1.723e-05 ***      
                iis725                        -0.932055   0.291834 -3.1938 0.0014624 **       
                iis799                        -0.969088   0.292056 -3.3182 0.0009495 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2006            -0.690265   0.217151 -3.1787 0.0015394 **       
                fesisArkansas.2009             0.978171   0.187464  5.2179 2.339e-07 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009         -0.621397   0.133388 -4.6586 3.762e-06 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014            -0.785168   0.141809 -5.5368 4.252e-08 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008  -1.048430   0.201378 -5.2063 2.485e-07 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2011   1.194753   0.190637  6.2671 6.174e-10 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2009              -0.586682   0.147913 -3.9664 7.990e-05 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2011           -0.717943   0.169556 -4.2343 2.575e-05 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015            0.878261   0.191302  4.5910 5.166e-06 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2012             0.440505   0.139201  3.1645 0.0016156 **       
                fesisNevada.2010              -0.528706   0.132032 -4.0044 6.831e-05 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004              -0.781059   0.179810 -4.3438 1.591e-05 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2004         -0.843731   0.179614 -4.6975 3.129e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008        0.782568   0.137075  5.7091 1.632e-08 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008          1.307049   0.201962  6.4718 1.741e-10 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2011         -0.587149   0.192389 -3.0519 0.0023537 **       
                fesisSouthDakota.2019         -1.192348   0.301473 -3.9551 8.370e-05 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.33461  1  0.5630      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 1.24810  1  0.2639      
                                                
                SE of regression   0.28075      
                R-squared          0.94608      
                Log-lik.(n=855)  -77.58902      
us_q30

                Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 01:28:15 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 684       
                Sample: 1 to 684       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                             0.081340    0.035478   2.2927 0.0222042 *        
                lgdp                         -447.390219  357.310383  -1.2521 0.2110106          
                lpop                          435.874080  348.363959   1.2512 0.2113392          
                lgdp_sq                        10.803967    8.614423   1.2542 0.2102591          
                avg_temp                        1.058820    0.811459   1.3048 0.1924403          
                idCalifornia                    2.054413    0.114625  17.9229 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                      0.266464    0.082171   3.2428 0.0012482 **       
                idConnecticut                   0.848909    0.111483   7.6147 1.009e-13 ***      
                idDelaware                     -0.175636    0.090387  -1.9431 0.0524582 .        
                idDistrictofColumbia           -1.384828    0.132535 -10.4488 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idFlorida                       0.346992    0.082704   4.1956 3.125e-05 ***      
                idGeorgia                      -0.270544    0.081614  -3.3149 0.0009709 ***      
                idIdaho                        -1.389499    0.096208 -14.4426 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIllinois                      0.342865    0.082872   4.1373 4.008e-05 ***      
                idIndiana                      -0.658398    0.084730  -7.7705 3.322e-14 ***      
                idIowa                         -1.454056    0.096728 -15.0324 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idKentucky                     -1.463695    0.099604 -14.6951 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMaryland                     -0.390093    0.082305  -4.7396 2.667e-06 ***      
                idMassachusetts                 0.975452    0.090781  10.7452 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                      0.582059    0.084993   6.8483 1.825e-11 ***      
                idMinnesota                     0.188779    0.081900   2.3050 0.0215011 *        
                idMissouri                     -0.908231    0.089209 -10.1810 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNevada                       -0.758430    0.098221  -7.7216 4.716e-14 ***      
                idNewHampshire                 -0.773265    0.085626  -9.0308 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey                     0.239849    0.082308   2.9140 0.0036984 **       
                idNewMexico                    -0.665346    0.084411  -7.8822 1.482e-14 ***      
                idNewYork                       1.194376    0.095047  12.5662 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                 0.253382    0.082154   3.0842 0.0021328 **       
                idOhio                          0.577968    0.085132   6.7891 2.678e-11 ***      
                idOklahoma                     -1.122293    0.091297 -12.2928 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOregon                        0.369153    0.156521   2.3585 0.0186637 *        
                idPennsylvania                  0.642510    0.085684   7.4986 2.280e-13 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                  -0.536668    0.158366  -3.3888 0.0007472 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                -0.538131    0.112359  -4.7894 2.102e-06 ***      
                idTennessee                    -0.776126    0.088216  -8.7980 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                         0.749702    0.087148   8.6026 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                         -0.857730    0.088071  -9.7391 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idVirginia                     -0.042333    0.082471  -0.5133 0.6079209          
                idWashington                    0.149391    0.081763   1.8271 0.0681687 .        
                idWisconsin                    -0.061383    0.081329  -0.7548 0.4506884          
                time2001                       64.745714   52.034503   1.2443 0.2138721          
                time2002                       61.173257   49.057242   1.2470 0.2128837          
                time2003                       61.974140   49.723308   1.2464 0.2131025          
                time2004                       60.249785   48.245674   1.2488 0.2122120          
                time2005                       58.191049   46.505691   1.2513 0.2113159          
                time2006                       52.239637   41.624553   1.2550 0.2099514          
                time2007                       47.602037   37.877995   1.2567 0.2093352          
                time2008                       39.393635   31.199127   1.2627 0.2071960          
                time2009                       19.302516   15.017601   1.2853 0.1991653          
                time2010                       17.601775   13.634790   1.2909 0.1972107          
                time2011                       17.141187   13.278143   1.2909 0.1972153          
                time2012                       13.156496   10.198605   1.2900 0.1975286          
                time2013                       11.027991    8.466880   1.3025 0.1932411          
                time2014                        4.666085    3.682181   1.2672 0.2055641          
                time2015                        2.303684    1.712806   1.3450 0.1791318          
                iis3                           -0.741274    0.257917  -2.8741 0.0041929 **       
                iis99                          -1.045690    0.271054  -3.8579 0.0001265 ***      
                iis103                         -0.917499    0.293605  -3.1249 0.0018627 **       
                iis211                          0.895940    0.258364   3.4677 0.0005617 ***      
                iis234                         -1.100727    0.257593  -4.2731 2.235e-05 ***      
                iis324                         -0.958357    0.257759  -3.7180 0.0002192 ***      
                iis360                         -0.755375    0.268353  -2.8149 0.0050372 **       
                iis573                         -0.936896    0.257777  -3.6345 0.0003020 ***      
                iis627                         -0.880522    0.257600  -3.4182 0.0006723 ***      
                iis628                         -0.939775    0.257876  -3.6443 0.0002909 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009          -0.567375    0.118338  -4.7945 2.050e-06 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014             -0.731702    0.125996  -5.8074 1.021e-08 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008   -0.603009    0.179617  -3.3572 0.0008363 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012    0.801562    0.174936   4.5820 5.584e-06 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012               -0.383389    0.123513  -3.1040 0.0019973 **       
                fesisOregon.2004               -0.723104    0.159274  -4.5400 6.778e-06 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2004          -0.789741    0.158988  -4.9673 8.824e-07 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008         0.758449    0.122000   6.2168 9.404e-10 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.11873  1  0.7304      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 1.33436  1  0.2480      
                                               
                SE of regression  0.24716      
                R-squared         0.94406      
                Log-lik.(n=684)  21.98927      

0.05

us_all

                Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_all (2000:2020); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 01:25:10 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 969       
                Sample: 1 to 969       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                             0.029287    0.027198  1.0768 0.2818823          
                lgdp                         -615.707850  773.826876 -0.7957 0.4264558          
                lpop                          514.275518  642.459284  0.8005 0.4236643          
                lgdp_sq                        21.329141   26.935195  0.7919 0.4286656          
                avg_temp                       -0.459922    0.396220 -1.1608 0.2460712          
                idAlaska                       -0.880704    0.135955 -6.4779 1.600e-10 ***      
                idArizona                       1.470651    0.103995 14.1415 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                     -0.936050    0.165748 -5.6474 2.244e-08 ***      
                idCalifornia                    3.641995    0.143067 25.4566 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                      1.752759    0.107608 16.2884 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                   2.367915    0.137438 17.2289 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                      1.287376    0.109393 11.7684 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia           -0.008167    0.126591 -0.0645 0.9485760          
                idFlorida                       1.838099    0.108972 16.8676 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idGeorgia                       1.151338    0.101923 11.2962 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idHawaii                        0.102488    0.115131  0.8902 0.3736257          
                idIdaho                        -0.771916    0.269573 -2.8635 0.0042969 **       
                idIllinois                      1.835297    0.109355 16.7829 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIndiana                       0.775799    0.095861  8.0930 2.088e-15 ***      
                idIowa                         -0.587998    0.269547 -2.1814 0.0294341 *        
                idKansas                       -0.241683    0.092077 -2.6248 0.0088312 **       
                idKentucky                     -0.078160    0.092224 -0.8475 0.3969634          
                idLouisiana                    -0.038049    0.107691 -0.3533 0.7239403          
                idMaine                        -0.035221    0.093227 -0.3778 0.7056814          
                idMaryland                      1.060425    0.098887 10.7236 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMassachusetts                 2.503699    0.120754 20.7339 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                      2.087351    0.113224 18.4355 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota                     1.672020    0.106763 15.6610 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMississippi                  -0.932740    0.127035 -7.3424 5.052e-13 ***      
                idMissouri                      0.514011    0.094752  5.4248 7.635e-08 ***      
                idMontana                      -0.746398    0.092577 -8.0624 2.634e-15 ***      
                idNebraska                     -0.696461    0.127125 -5.4786 5.703e-08 ***      
                idNevada                        0.676222    0.108436  6.2361 7.167e-10 ***      
                idNewHampshire                  0.656505    0.095155  6.8993 1.043e-11 ***      
                idNewJersey                     1.727496    0.107987 15.9972 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewMexico                     0.770560    0.096146  8.0144 3.787e-15 ***      
                idNewYork                       2.735617    0.125324 21.8283 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                 1.739493    0.107557 16.1728 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthDakota                  -0.838130    0.095973 -8.7330 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOhio                          2.083958    0.113442 18.3703 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOklahoma                      0.285915    0.092471  3.0919 0.0020557 **       
                idOregon                        1.591041    0.206420  7.7078 3.691e-14 ***      
                idPennsylvania                  2.151150    0.114275 18.8243 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                   0.886442    0.167896  5.2797 1.657e-07 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                 0.903598    0.125166  7.2192 1.191e-12 ***      
                idSouthDakota                  -0.877243    0.135901 -6.4550 1.848e-10 ***      
                idTennessee                     0.648253    0.095182  6.8107 1.876e-11 ***      
                idTexas                         2.264713    0.116321 19.4696 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                          0.519834    0.094300  5.5126 4.735e-08 ***      
                idVermont                      -0.247376    0.093191 -2.6545 0.0080959 **       
                idVirginia                      1.427420    0.103485 13.7935 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWashington                    1.630809    0.106268 15.3462 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWestVirginia                 -0.631403    0.102114 -6.1833 9.881e-10 ***      
                idWisconsin                     1.407191    0.102957 13.6678 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWyoming                      -0.572218    0.096053 -5.9573 3.799e-09 ***      
                time2001                       20.852287   27.581646  0.7560 0.4498536          
                time2002                       22.154193   28.990865  0.7642 0.4449802          
                time2003                       22.232799   29.035572  0.7657 0.4440693          
                time2004                       26.205475   33.682377  0.7780 0.4367826          
                time2005                       26.282899   33.443100  0.7859 0.4321531          
                time2006                       21.743695   27.393425  0.7938 0.4275666          
                time2007                       18.015330   22.494722  0.8009 0.4234388          
                time2008                       11.406657   14.441050  0.7899 0.4298272          
                time2009                        3.862003    4.917389  0.7854 0.4324591          
                time2010                        2.925999    3.719376  0.7867 0.4316897          
                time2011                        3.454080    4.146638  0.8330 0.4050962          
                time2012                        2.968207    3.346317  0.8870 0.3753345          
                time2013                        1.338762    1.779104  0.7525 0.4519706          
                time2014                       -1.239976    0.997406 -1.2432 0.2141483          
                time2015                       -0.396704    0.518126 -0.7657 0.4441032          
                iis2                           -0.851018    0.269915 -3.1529 0.0016752 **       
                iis4                           -0.863293    0.269875 -3.1989 0.0014326 **       
                iis10                          -1.018766    0.269796 -3.7761 0.0001708 ***      
                iis13                          -0.740921    0.270069 -2.7435 0.0062121 **       
                iis17                          -1.094697    0.269889 -4.0561 5.465e-05 ***      
                iis22                           0.659335    0.285550  2.3090 0.0211906 *        
                iis41                          -0.757966    0.267956 -2.8287 0.0047875 **       
                iis58                           1.426509    0.301099  4.7377 2.546e-06 ***      
                iis63                          -1.335911    0.273977 -4.8760 1.300e-06 ***      
                iis64                          -1.032690    0.274537 -3.7616 0.0001808 ***      
                iis65                          -1.068496    0.273861 -3.9016 0.0001034 ***      
                iis72                          -1.137944    0.273192 -4.1654 3.437e-05 ***      
                iis76                          -1.189331    0.273815 -4.3436 1.577e-05 ***      
                iis156                         -1.022307    0.281549 -3.6310 0.0002998 ***      
                iis160                         -0.856117    0.303131 -2.8242 0.0048539 **       
                iis201                          0.706462    0.267900  2.6370 0.0085213 **       
                iis224                         -0.965949    0.278466 -3.4688 0.0005499 ***      
                iis225                          1.125284    0.279465  4.0266 6.183e-05 ***      
                iis226                         -0.841719    0.280242 -3.0035 0.0027494 **       
                iis227                         -1.082221    0.279286 -3.8750 0.0001151 ***      
                iis315                         -0.792866    0.267757 -2.9611 0.0031532 **       
                iis329                         -1.075400    0.267737 -4.0166 6.445e-05 ***      
                iis361                          0.686437    0.291319  2.3563 0.0186914 *        
                iis365                         -1.029083    0.268287 -3.8358 0.0001348 ***      
                iis371                         -0.934751    0.268368 -3.4831 0.0005218 ***      
                iis457                          0.871723    0.281602  3.0956 0.0020309 **       
                iis458                          1.393032    0.282216  4.9360 9.654e-07 ***      
                iis459                          1.186115    0.283366  4.1858 3.148e-05 ***      
                iis469                         -0.577781    0.274556 -2.1044 0.0356447 *        
                iis476                         -1.016358    0.267921 -3.7935 0.0001594 ***      
                iis505                          0.770580    0.267752  2.8780 0.0041063 **       
                iis521                         -1.062244    0.282781 -3.7564 0.0001845 ***      
                iis523                         -0.911247    0.281495 -3.2372 0.0012556 **       
                iis532                          1.280018    0.369507  3.4641 0.0005595 ***      
                iis550                         -1.282886    0.369319 -3.4737 0.0005403 ***      
                iis652                          0.802068    0.268761  2.9843 0.0029263 **       
                iis653                         -0.859447    0.269589 -3.1880 0.0014868 **       
                iis657                         -0.762493    0.268623 -2.8385 0.0046440 **       
                iis705                          0.770066    0.319731  2.4085 0.0162382 *        
                iis783                          1.208441    0.285443  4.2336 2.560e-05 ***      
                iis785                         -0.593956    0.285449 -2.0808 0.0377634 *        
                iis788                          1.073807    0.281297  3.8173 0.0001450 ***      
                iis789                          0.845943    0.282608  2.9933 0.0028420 **       
                iis793                          0.604880    0.281273  2.1505 0.0318063 *        
                iis796                          1.362372    0.319352  4.2661 2.221e-05 ***      
                iis801                         -0.971761    0.267795 -3.6287 0.0003024 ***      
                iis857                         -0.623883    0.268318 -2.3252 0.0203058 *        
                iis865                          0.614336    0.268440  2.2885 0.0223590 *        
                iis875                         -1.010825    0.268011 -3.7716 0.0001738 ***      
                iis952                          1.003853    0.269306  3.7276 0.0002066 ***      
                fesisAlaska.2007               -0.897175    0.154530 -5.8058 9.146e-09 ***      
                fesisAlaska.2014                0.550156    0.145231  3.7881 0.0001628 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2005              0.719853    0.171743  4.1914 3.072e-05 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009          -0.593629    0.122259 -4.8555 1.437e-06 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014             -0.767328    0.129999 -5.9026 5.231e-09 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008   -0.630604    0.185662 -3.3965 0.0007153 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012    0.849793    0.179353  4.7381 2.541e-06 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2009               -0.554691    0.135625 -4.0899 4.741e-05 ***      
                fesisIdaho.2002                 0.819193    0.267948  3.0573 0.0023059 **       
                fesisIowa.2002                  1.460452    0.368814  3.9599 8.149e-05 ***      
                fesisIowa.2003                 -0.904301    0.268857 -3.3635 0.0008052 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2011            -0.707905    0.155423 -4.5547 6.041e-06 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015             0.748953    0.184845  4.0518 5.565e-05 ***      
                fesisMississippi.2010          -0.313213    0.138260 -2.2654 0.0237479 *        
                fesisNebraska.2007              0.828673    0.281424  2.9446 0.0033252 **       
                fesisNebraska.2008             -0.632340    0.281570 -2.2458 0.0249842 *        
                fesisNebraska.2016              0.800496    0.214232  3.7366 0.0001994 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2018             -1.184918    0.319063 -3.7137 0.0002180 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012               -0.510186    0.133291 -3.8276 0.0001392 ***      
                fesisNevada.2018                0.628656    0.281971  2.2295 0.0260494 *        
                fesisOregon.2004               -0.487957    0.196801 -2.4794 0.0133584 *        
                fesisRhodeIsland.2004          -0.807795    0.164745 -4.9033 1.136e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008         0.798092    0.125650  6.3517 3.522e-10 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008           0.511019    0.158746  3.2191 0.0013364 **       
                fesisSouthDakota.2017          -0.613643    0.212848 -2.8830 0.0040418 **       
                fesisWestVirginia.2013         -0.535934    0.124679 -4.2985 1.926e-05 ***      
                fesisWyoming.2017              -0.712789    0.166265 -4.2871 2.025e-05 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.23862  1  0.6252      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.19367  1  0.6599      
                                               
                SE of regression  0.25779      
                R-squared         0.96349      
                Log-lik.(n=969)  12.11661      
us_q20

                Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q20 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 01:28:44 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 855       
                Sample: 1 to 855       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                             0.051005    0.028656  1.7799 0.0755160 .        
                lgdp                         -668.981348  804.851180 -0.8312 0.4061428          
                lpop                          557.593614  668.209720  0.8345 0.4042980          
                lgdp_sq                        23.207364   28.015593  0.8284 0.4077326          
                avg_temp                       -0.424814    0.412404 -1.0301 0.3033108          
                idArizona                       1.561549    0.121750 12.8259 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idArkansas                     -0.542682    0.157331 -3.4493 0.0005946 ***      
                idCalifornia                    3.683752    0.158993 23.1693 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                      1.836775    0.125104 14.6819 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut                   2.436440    0.150523 16.1865 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                      1.382369    0.125531 11.0122 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia            0.117829    0.138712  0.8494 0.3959137          
                idFlorida                       1.920108    0.126364 15.1951 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idGeorgia                       1.244451    0.119748 10.3923 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idHawaii                        0.225491    0.129113  1.7465 0.0811545 .        
                idIdaho                        -0.644606    0.268466 -2.4011 0.0165987 *        
                idIllinois                      1.916753    0.126718 15.1261 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIndiana                       0.881552    0.114547  7.6960 4.614e-14 ***      
                idIowa                         -0.459505    0.268440 -1.7118 0.0873694 .        
                idKansas                       -0.115393    0.111400 -1.0358 0.3006228          
                idKentucky                      0.082873    0.112595  0.7360 0.4619533          
                idLouisiana                     0.082421    0.123048  0.6698 0.5031808          
                idMaine                         0.091340    0.112313  0.8133 0.4163356          
                idMaryland                      1.159369    0.117204  9.8919 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMassachusetts                 2.570213    0.137420 18.7033 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                      2.163441    0.130319 16.6011 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota                     1.757311    0.124328 14.1345 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMissouri                      0.625922    0.113577  5.5110 4.966e-08 ***      
                idNebraska                      0.100866    0.268474  0.3757 0.7072496          
                idNevada                        0.783853    0.124043  6.3192 4.596e-10 ***      
                idNewHampshire                  0.764105    0.113938  6.7063 4.026e-11 ***      
                idNewJersey                     1.810949    0.125454 14.4352 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewMexico                     0.875600    0.114795  7.6275 7.556e-14 ***      
                idNewYork                       2.796709    0.141782 19.7254 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                 1.823586    0.125057 14.5820 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOhio                          2.159757    0.130523 16.5470 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOklahoma                      0.402511    0.111687  3.6039 0.0003349 ***      
                idOregon                        1.675268    0.210986  7.9402 7.716e-15 ***      
                idPennsylvania                  2.225844    0.131303 16.9520 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                   0.987796    0.175101  5.6413 2.423e-08 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                 1.004285    0.137946  7.2803 8.712e-13 ***      
                idSouthDakota                  -0.838680    0.139551 -6.0099 2.943e-09 ***      
                idTennessee                     0.758456    0.113947  6.6562 5.554e-11 ***      
                idTexas                         2.336749    0.133226 17.5398 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                          0.676639    0.113952  5.9379 4.481e-09 ***      
                idVermont                      -0.071312    0.128781 -0.5537 0.5799227          
                idVirginia                      1.519509    0.121262 12.5308 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWashington                    1.716860    0.123873 13.8598 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idWisconsin                     1.498601    0.120855 12.4000 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                time2001                       22.933203   28.689273  0.7994 0.4243413          
                time2002                       24.312442   30.154923  0.8063 0.4203632          
                time2003                       24.401420   30.200845  0.8080 0.4193728          
                time2004                       28.621534   35.033296  0.8170 0.4142085          
                time2005                       28.702394   34.783948  0.8252 0.4095518          
                time2006                       23.621173   28.491761  0.8291 0.4073482          
                time2007                       19.579071   23.396621  0.8368 0.4029628          
                time2008                       12.525241   15.020062  0.8339 0.4046124          
                time2009                        4.352377    5.115105  0.8509 0.3951138          
                time2010                        3.335857    3.868838  0.8622 0.3888429          
                time2011                        3.779345    4.313269  0.8762 0.3812049          
                time2012                        3.197936    3.480981  0.9187 0.3585650          
                time2013                        1.609937    1.850480  0.8700 0.3845835          
                time2014                       -1.137274    1.038122 -1.0955 0.2736577          
                time2015                       -0.418012    0.538634 -0.7761 0.4379678          
                iis2                           -0.746738    0.269105 -2.7749 0.0056646 **       
                iis4                           -0.733293    0.269169 -2.7243 0.0065997 **       
                iis10                          -0.896378    0.269134 -3.3306 0.0009106 ***      
                iis13                          -0.893871    0.269446 -3.3174 0.0009539 ***      
                iis17                          -1.240853    0.269309 -4.6076 4.815e-06 ***      
                iis22                          -0.757730    0.258734 -2.9286 0.0035119 **       
                iis39                           1.174675    0.281639  4.1709 3.403e-05 ***      
                iis44                          -1.276087    0.265828 -4.8004 1.925e-06 ***      
                iis45                          -0.972860    0.266620 -3.6489 0.0002823 ***      
                iis46                          -1.018522    0.266027 -3.8286 0.0001400 ***      
                iis53                          -1.087071    0.265174 -4.0995 4.611e-05 ***      
                iis57                          -1.209107    0.265986 -4.5458 6.415e-06 ***      
                iis137                         -1.019189    0.271995 -3.7471 0.0001932 ***      
                iis141                         -0.723056    0.311001 -2.3249 0.0203517 *        
                iis182                          0.749479    0.258627  2.8979 0.0038702 **       
                iis205                         -0.950586    0.268968 -3.5342 0.0004350 ***      
                iis206                          1.123462    0.270054  4.1601 3.563e-05 ***      
                iis207                         -0.869507    0.271007 -3.2084 0.0013935 **       
                iis208                         -1.047289    0.269902 -3.8803 0.0001139 ***      
                iis268                          0.888589    0.259658  3.4222 0.0006562 ***      
                iis296                         -0.755282    0.258479 -2.9220 0.0035861 **       
                iis305                         -0.678759    0.259565 -2.6150 0.0091091 **       
                iis310                         -1.071765    0.258871 -4.1402 3.880e-05 ***      
                iis342                          0.638520    0.281593  2.2675 0.0236525 *        
                iis346                         -1.015436    0.259119 -3.9188 9.744e-05 ***      
                iis352                         -0.947778    0.259230 -3.6561 0.0002746 ***      
                iis438                         -1.014390    0.258933 -3.9176 9.793e-05 ***      
                iis464                         -1.138887    0.268433 -4.2427 2.495e-05 ***      
                iis466                         -0.970612    0.266957 -3.6358 0.0002967 ***      
                iis475                          1.240811    0.357374  3.4720 0.0005473 ***      
                iis493                         -0.644393    0.271963 -2.3694 0.0180779 *        
                iis629                          0.752023    0.308875  2.4347 0.0151441 *        
                iis684                         -0.695606    0.260172 -2.6736 0.0076728 **       
                iis701                          0.632475    0.263981  2.3959 0.0168324 *        
                iis702                          0.561381    0.264688  2.1209 0.0342684 *        
                iis707                          1.316333    0.271845  4.8422 1.571e-06 ***      
                iis712                          1.092156    0.268890  4.0617 5.404e-05 ***      
                iis713                          0.845192    0.270164  3.1284 0.0018279 **       
                iis717                          0.650112    0.268891  2.4178 0.0158628 *        
                iis720                          0.776804    0.269310  2.8844 0.0040380 **       
                iis722                         -1.035227    0.269493 -3.8414 0.0001331 ***      
                iis725                         -0.963942    0.258549 -3.7283 0.0002079 ***      
                iis781                         -0.700305    0.266950 -2.6234 0.0088904 **       
                iis799                         -1.003412    0.258989 -3.8743 0.0001166 ***      
                fesisAlabama.2011               0.264911    0.134811  1.9651 0.0497900 *        
                fesisArkansas.2006              0.424592    0.151448  2.8035 0.0051899 **       
                fesisConnecticut.2009          -0.579490    0.118355 -4.8962 1.206e-06 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014             -0.756460    0.125863 -6.0102 2.938e-09 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008   -0.775291    0.207175 -3.7422 0.0001969 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2011    0.934635    0.199533  4.6841 3.359e-06 ***      
                fesisHawaii.2009               -0.543686    0.131190 -4.1443 3.813e-05 ***      
                fesisIdaho.2002                 0.814290    0.258938  3.1447 0.0017305 **       
                fesisIowa.2002                  0.550997    0.259382  2.1243 0.0339862 *        
                fesisLouisiana.2011            -0.677921    0.150413 -4.5071 7.664e-06 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015             0.726935    0.178650  4.0691 5.240e-05 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2002             -1.017663    0.290930 -3.4980 0.0004975 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2005              0.610775    0.170521  3.5818 0.0003641 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2015              0.551271    0.171712  3.2104 0.0013840 **       
                fesisNebraska.2018             -0.992949    0.290697 -3.4158 0.0006716 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012               -0.497558    0.128984 -3.8575 0.0001248 ***      
                fesisNevada.2019                0.597235    0.272658  2.1904 0.0288127 *        
                fesisOregon.2004               -0.474267    0.190444 -2.4903 0.0129861 *        
                fesisRhodeIsland.2004          -0.746071    0.160096 -4.6601 3.762e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008         0.685109    0.125536  5.4575 6.641e-08 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008           0.575824    0.141415  4.0719 5.179e-05 ***      
                fesisUtah.2019                 -0.888418    0.258834 -3.4324 0.0006324 ***      
                fesisVermont.2010               0.485165    0.170639  2.8432 0.0045920 **       
                fesisVermont.2013              -0.725315    0.174066 -4.1669 3.461e-05 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                     Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.0054151  1  0.9413      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.0557388  1  0.8134      
                                               
                SE of regression  0.24861      
                R-squared         0.95956      
                Log-lik.(n=855)  42.84231      
us_q30

                Formula: log_patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 01:28:11 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 684       
                Sample: 1 to 684       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                             0.088222    0.032667   2.7007 0.0071189 **       
                lgdp                         -370.701911  328.280257  -1.1292 0.2592631          
                lpop                          361.675055  320.062617   1.1300 0.2589305          
                lgdp_sq                         8.925075    7.914456   1.1277 0.2599088          
                avg_temp                        0.880316    0.745450   1.1809 0.2381117          
                idCalifornia                    2.040078    0.104231  19.5726 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado                      0.294310    0.074770   3.9362 9.267e-05 ***      
                idConnecticut                   0.851617    0.100480   8.4755 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware                     -0.115694    0.083157  -1.3913 0.1646711          
                idDistrictofColumbia           -1.364355    0.119516 -11.4157 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idFlorida                       0.345414    0.074300   4.6489 4.122e-06 ***      
                idGeorgia                      -0.304919    0.074223  -4.1081 4.554e-05 ***      
                idIdaho                        -1.336261    0.087746 -15.2287 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIllinois                      0.341111    0.074459   4.5812 5.647e-06 ***      
                idIndiana                      -0.652452    0.076199  -8.5625 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idIowa                         -1.945826    0.237293  -8.2001 1.510e-15 ***      
                idKentucky                     -1.415482    0.091420 -15.4832 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMaryland                     -0.386304    0.073915  -5.2264 2.404e-07 ***      
                idMassachusetts                 0.968963    0.081913  11.8292 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan                      0.578605    0.076462   7.5672 1.476e-13 ***      
                idMinnesota                     0.438614    0.106711   4.1103 4.512e-05 ***      
                idMissouri                     -0.898013    0.080376 -11.1727 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNevada                       -0.753154    0.088289  -8.5305 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewHampshire                 -0.760436    0.078984  -9.6277 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey                     0.238728    0.073926   3.2293 0.0013100 **       
                idNewMexico                    -0.503573    0.096202  -5.2345 2.304e-07 ***      
                idNewYork                       1.186169    0.085920  13.8054 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina                 0.252464    0.073779   3.4219 0.0006650 ***      
                idOhio                          0.574422    0.076593   7.4996 2.368e-13 ***      
                idOklahoma                     -1.112910    0.082373 -13.5106 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOregon                       -0.193194    0.231589  -0.8342 0.4045017          
                idPennsylvania                  0.638613    0.077113   8.2815 8.204e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                  -0.533554    0.142290  -3.7498 0.0001945 ***      
                idSouthCarolina                 0.026094    0.232097   0.1124 0.9105247          
                idTennessee                    -0.770008    0.079443  -9.6926 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                         0.744963    0.078494   9.4907 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idUtah                         -0.810742    0.080356 -10.0893 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idVirginia                     -0.038397    0.074028  -0.5187 0.6041796          
                idWashington                    0.149093    0.073409   2.0310 0.0427050 *        
                idWisconsin                    -0.059982    0.072997  -0.8217 0.4115729          
                time2001                       53.518063   47.806992   1.1195 0.2633998          
                time2002                       50.549051   45.071632   1.1215 0.2625206          
                time2003                       51.222982   45.683662   1.1213 0.2626368          
                time2004                       49.834191   44.325999   1.1243 0.2613584          
                time2005                       48.186508   42.727507   1.1278 0.2598791          
                time2006                       43.280814   38.242901   1.1317 0.2582066          
                time2007                       39.485652   34.800778   1.1346 0.2569962          
                time2008                       32.689517   28.664376   1.1404 0.2545736          
                time2009                       16.055051   13.797345   1.1636 0.2450438          
                time2010                       14.614367   12.526790   1.1666 0.2438243          
                time2011                       14.242073   12.199135   1.1675 0.2434947          
                time2012                       10.921067    9.370038   1.1655 0.2442760          
                time2013                        9.155834    7.778854   1.1770 0.2396646          
                time2014                        3.831674    3.383045   1.1326 0.2578385          
                time2015                        1.899277    1.573708   1.2069 0.2279627          
                iis3                           -0.717666    0.231570  -3.0991 0.0020335 **       
                iis40                          -0.546985    0.231423  -2.3636 0.0184234 *        
                iis87                          -0.762833    0.234447  -3.2537 0.0012042 **       
                iis99                          -1.038872    0.243320  -4.2696 2.283e-05 ***      
                iis103                         -0.896661    0.263850  -3.3984 0.0007236 ***      
                iis144                          0.703624    0.231627   3.0377 0.0024891 **       
                iis153                         -0.796693    0.231953  -3.4347 0.0006349 ***      
                iis211                          0.877308    0.232425   3.7746 0.0001765 ***      
                iis229                         -0.680297    0.232605  -2.9247 0.0035807 **       
                iis234                         -1.104590    0.231685  -4.7676 2.352e-06 ***      
                iis324                         -1.001821    0.231936  -4.3194 1.836e-05 ***      
                iis360                         -1.292015    0.320139  -4.0358 6.160e-05 ***      
                iis370                         -0.696462    0.231755  -3.0052 0.0027673 **       
                iis503                         -0.560731    0.232604  -2.4107 0.0162286 *        
                iis538                          0.560620    0.233372   2.4023 0.0166026 *        
                iis551                         -0.621087    0.233285  -2.6624 0.0079716 **       
                iis568                          0.622450    0.236136   2.6360 0.0086105 **       
                iis569                          0.560564    0.237251   2.3628 0.0184639 *        
                iis573                         -0.910884    0.231413  -3.9362 9.268e-05 ***      
                iis624                         -0.734955    0.231591  -3.1735 0.0015846 **       
                iis627                         -0.899508    0.231919  -3.8785 0.0001169 ***      
                iis628                         -0.981514    0.232034  -4.2300 2.709e-05 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009          -0.577678    0.106519  -5.4232 8.554e-08 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014             -0.782904    0.114677  -6.8270 2.162e-11 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008   -0.629781    0.161617  -3.8968 0.0001087 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012    0.829289    0.168422   4.9239 1.103e-06 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2017   -0.641585    0.247166  -2.5958 0.0096735 **       
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2018    0.923320    0.276172   3.3433 0.0008805 ***      
                fesisIowa.2002                  0.532099    0.232372   2.2899 0.0223824 *        
                fesisMinnesota.2007            -0.365931    0.111742  -3.2748 0.0011195 **       
                fesisNevada.2012               -0.473397    0.115892  -4.0848 5.022e-05 ***      
                fesisNevada.2018                0.652955    0.244367   2.6720 0.0077482 **       
                fesisNewHampshire.2019          0.576808    0.232138   2.4848 0.0132403 *        
                fesisNewMexico.2009            -0.610091    0.153103  -3.9848 7.599e-05 ***      
                fesisNewMexico.2012             0.468248    0.152553   3.0694 0.0022435 **       
                fesisOregon.2002                0.837190    0.276304   3.0300 0.0025531 **       
                fesisOregon.2004               -0.959168    0.171122  -5.6052 3.199e-08 ***      
                fesisRhodeIsland.2004          -0.778470    0.144456  -5.3890 1.026e-07 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2002        -0.642762    0.243688  -2.6376 0.0085689 **       
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008         0.733249    0.118154   6.2059 1.026e-09 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.17072  1  0.6795      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.11704  1  0.7323      
                                                
                SE of regression   0.22184      
                R-squared          0.95656      
                Log-lik.(n=684)  106.92467      

Patent Count

0.01

us_all

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_all (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 01:16:00 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 969       
                Sample: 1 to 969       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                               coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                      5.4301e-01  1.8689e-02 29.0548 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp                     6.7299e+03  1.4545e+04  0.4627 0.6436886          
                lpop                    -5.5680e+03  1.2076e+04 -0.4611 0.6448479          
                lgdp_sq                 -2.3475e+02  5.0624e+02 -0.4637 0.6429734          
                avg_temp                 2.0255e+00  7.4403e+00  0.2722 0.7855014          
                idAlaska                -1.4949e+00  1.5958e+00 -0.9368 0.3491309          
                idArizona                8.5770e+00  1.6292e+00  5.2647 1.772e-07 ***      
                idArkansas              -6.0605e-01  1.5950e+00 -0.3800 0.7040558          
                idCalifornia             5.6749e+01  5.2446e+00 10.8205 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado               1.3188e+01  1.6739e+00  7.8787 9.888e-15 ***      
                idConnecticut            1.6354e+01  1.7339e+00  9.4317 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware               5.0297e+00  1.6097e+00  3.1245 0.0018401 **       
                idDistrictofColumbia     2.1025e-01  1.5949e+00  0.1318 0.8951545          
                idFlorida                1.3796e+01  1.6835e+00  8.1950 8.960e-16 ***      
                idGeorgia                4.5588e+00  1.6390e+00  2.7814 0.0055299 **       
                idHawaii                -2.1165e-01  1.5949e+00 -0.1327 0.8944590          
                idIdaho                  3.7099e-01  1.5950e+00  0.2326 0.8161329          
                idIllinois               1.3430e+01  1.6814e+00  7.9876 4.366e-15 ***      
                idIndiana                3.1025e+00  1.5996e+00  1.9395 0.0527692 .        
                idIowa                   2.5945e-01  1.5950e+00  0.1627 0.8708205          
                idKansas                -3.2514e-01  1.5949e+00 -0.2039 0.8385088          
                idKentucky               4.8551e-02  1.5949e+00  0.0304 0.9757220          
                idLouisiana              8.0094e-02  1.5949e+00  0.0502 0.9599590          
                idMaine                  8.3527e-02  1.5949e+00  0.0524 0.9582448          
                idMaryland               4.8350e+00  1.6069e+00  3.0089 0.0026980 **       
                idMassachusetts          2.0219e+01  2.4829e+00  8.1432 1.335e-15 ***      
                idMichigan               1.8237e+01  1.7917e+00 10.1788 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota              1.0839e+01  1.6526e+00  6.5583 9.344e-11 ***      
                idMississippi           -1.1860e+00  1.5954e+00 -0.7434 0.4574279          
                idMissouri               1.7587e+00  1.5968e+00  1.1014 0.2710366          
                idMontana               -9.2815e-01  1.5951e+00 -0.5819 0.5608102          
                idNebraska              -4.8100e-01  1.5950e+00 -0.3016 0.7630573          
                idNevada                 1.6721e+00  1.5967e+00  1.0472 0.2953034          
                idNewHampshire           2.4596e+00  1.5983e+00  1.5389 0.1241848          
                idNewJersey              1.0397e+01  1.6894e+00  6.1542 1.152e-09 ***      
                idNewMexico              3.0370e+00  1.6002e+00  1.8980 0.0580327 .        
                idNewYork                3.8514e+01  2.2121e+00 17.4103 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina          1.2246e+01  1.6628e+00  7.3646 4.134e-13 ***      
                idNorthDakota           -1.1280e+00  1.5953e+00 -0.7070 0.4797320          
                idOhio                   1.6323e+01  1.7682e+00  9.2313 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOklahoma               1.0890e+00  1.5956e+00  0.6825 0.4950973          
                idOregon                 4.8781e+00  1.6369e+00  2.9801 0.0029624 **       
                idPennsylvania           1.7070e+01  1.8203e+00  9.3775 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland            6.9815e-01  1.5954e+00  0.4376 0.6617889          
                idSouthCarolina          8.4915e+00  1.6564e+00  5.1264 3.644e-07 ***      
                idSouthDakota           -1.7978e-01  1.5949e+00 -0.1127 0.9102768          
                idTennessee              2.6623e+00  1.5980e+00  1.6661 0.0960612 .        
                idTexas                  1.4955e+01  2.2629e+00  6.6088 6.758e-11 ***      
                idUtah                   2.1248e+00  1.5979e+00  1.3298 0.1839477          
                idVermont               -1.4055e-01  1.5949e+00 -0.0881 0.9297971          
                idVirginia               8.2775e+00  1.6264e+00  5.0896 4.401e-07 ***      
                idWashington             8.4590e+00  1.6998e+00  4.9763 7.816e-07 ***      
                idWestVirginia          -1.0561e+00  1.5952e+00 -0.6620 0.5081203          
                idWisconsin              8.1072e+00  1.6268e+00  4.9834 7.541e-07 ***      
                idWyoming               -9.0005e-01  1.5951e+00 -0.5643 0.5727169          
                time2001                -2.4543e+02  5.1833e+02 -0.4735 0.6359762          
                time2002                -2.5582e+02  5.4483e+02 -0.4695 0.6388033          
                time2003                -2.5740e+02  5.4568e+02 -0.4717 0.6372518          
                time2004                -2.9556e+02  6.3305e+02 -0.4669 0.6406996          
                time2005                -2.9164e+02  6.2857e+02 -0.4640 0.6427867          
                time2006                -2.3709e+02  5.1486e+02 -0.4605 0.6452846          
                time2007                -1.9319e+02  4.2279e+02 -0.4569 0.6478311          
                time2008                -1.2525e+02  2.7141e+02 -0.4615 0.6445622          
                time2009                -4.1229e+01  9.2388e+01 -0.4463 0.6555240          
                time2010                -3.1560e+01  6.9880e+01 -0.4516 0.6516531          
                time2011                -3.5274e+01  7.7912e+01 -0.4527 0.6508497          
                time2012                -2.6125e+01  6.2868e+01 -0.4156 0.6778367          
                time2013                -1.6510e+01  3.3425e+01 -0.4940 0.6214634          
                time2014                 2.0960e+00  1.8748e+01  0.1118 0.9110113          
                time2015                 5.1813e+00  9.7595e+00  0.5309 0.5956292          
                iis78                   -3.6818e+01  5.6934e+00 -6.4668 1.670e-10 ***      
                iis79                   -3.1648e+01  5.7314e+00 -5.5219 4.434e-08 ***      
                iis82                    8.3230e+01  5.4883e+00 15.1649 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis83                    6.4150e+01  5.5217e+00 11.6178 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis84                    9.6197e+01  5.6473e+00 17.0340 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis85                    1.0334e+02  5.9469e+00 17.3765 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis86                    5.3551e+01  6.2209e+00  8.6083 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis87                    6.1277e+01  5.9548e+00 10.2903 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis88                    5.2436e+01  5.8845e+00  8.9107 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis89                    5.3737e+01  5.8007e+00  9.2640 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis91                    2.8913e+01  5.5012e+00  5.2557 1.857e-07 ***      
                iis92                    3.0056e+01  5.4971e+00  5.4675 5.970e-08 ***      
                iis94                    1.8015e+01  5.4462e+00  3.3077 0.0009792 ***      
                iis201                   2.7720e+01  5.1053e+00  5.4297 7.331e-08 ***      
                iis405                   3.1083e+01  5.3636e+00  5.7952 9.545e-09 ***      
                iis407                   4.4077e+01  5.1894e+00  8.4938 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis427                   2.3786e+01  5.1112e+00  4.6537 3.770e-06 ***      
                iis431                  -1.8412e+01  5.1328e+00 -3.5871 0.0003530 ***      
                iis583                   2.5182e+01  5.1041e+00  4.9336 9.679e-07 ***      
                iis624                  -2.5501e+01  5.1188e+00 -4.9819 7.602e-07 ***      
                iis678                   2.4302e+01  5.1059e+00  4.7596 2.272e-06 ***      
                iis705                   2.0960e+01  5.1020e+00  4.1082 4.365e-05 ***      
                iis729                   3.0535e+01  5.1099e+00  5.9756 3.345e-09 ***      
                iis732                   2.5664e+01  5.1119e+00  5.0204 6.259e-07 ***      
                iis777                   2.0529e+01  5.1015e+00  4.0242 6.217e-05 ***      
                iis902                   2.1095e+01  5.1116e+00  4.1268 4.034e-05 ***      
                iis904                   2.0842e+01  5.1114e+00  4.0776 4.969e-05 ***      
                fesisCalifornia.2002     1.6349e+01  5.8537e+00  2.7929 0.0053383 **       
                fesisMassachusetts.2008  7.2380e+00  2.5529e+00  2.8352 0.0046862 **       
                fesisNewYork.2018       -1.6424e+01  3.7283e+00 -4.4053 1.188e-05 ***      
                fesisTexas.2008          2.5610e+01  3.4554e+00  7.4116 2.965e-13 ***      
                fesisTexas.2011         -1.7812e+01  3.3118e+00 -5.3783 9.675e-08 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   14.136  1   0.00017 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 25.726  1 3.935e-07 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     4.91576      
                R-squared            0.98374      
                Log-lik.(n=969)  -2867.03151      
us_q20

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q20 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 01:18:52 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 855       
                Sample: 1 to 855       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                               coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                      5.2827e-01  2.0663e-02 25.5662 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp                     1.5526e+04  1.6692e+04  0.9301 0.3525959          
                lpop                    -1.2865e+04  1.3859e+04 -0.9283 0.3535630          
                lgdp_sq                 -5.4117e+02  5.8098e+02 -0.9315 0.3518959          
                avg_temp                 6.3009e+00  8.5417e+00  0.7377 0.4609456          
                idArizona                8.8391e+00  1.7683e+00  4.9987 7.160e-07 ***      
                idArkansas              -6.1832e-01  1.7297e+00 -0.3575 0.7208439          
                idCalifornia             4.6487e+01  3.7619e+00 12.3572 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado               1.3589e+01  1.8186e+00  7.4721 2.163e-13 ***      
                idConnecticut            1.6890e+01  1.8861e+00  8.9551 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware               5.2018e+00  1.7464e+00  2.9786 0.0029874 **       
                idDistrictofColumbia     2.1683e-01  1.7297e+00  0.1254 0.9002741          
                idFlorida                1.4222e+01  1.8295e+00  7.7737 2.464e-14 ***      
                idGeorgia                4.7991e+00  1.7787e+00  2.6982 0.0071265 **       
                idHawaii                -2.1552e-01  1.7297e+00 -0.1246 0.9008738          
                idIdaho                  3.8691e-01  1.7298e+00  0.2237 0.8230707          
                idIllinois               1.3850e+01  1.8271e+00  7.5805 9.984e-14 ***      
                idIndiana                3.1998e+00  1.7350e+00  1.8442 0.0655397 .        
                idIowa                   2.7329e-01  1.7298e+00  0.1580 0.8745037          
                idKansas                -3.2808e-01  1.7297e+00 -0.1897 0.8496102          
                idKentucky               5.4887e-02  1.7297e+00  0.0317 0.9746938          
                idLouisiana              8.1051e-02  1.7297e+00  0.0469 0.9626375          
                idMaine                  8.9180e-02  1.7297e+00  0.0516 0.9588937          
                idMaryland               4.9898e+00  1.7432e+00  2.8624 0.0043194 **       
                idMassachusetts          2.1164e+01  2.7072e+00  7.8176 1.786e-14 ***      
                idMichigan               1.8862e+01  1.9499e+00  9.6733 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota              1.1180e+01  1.7947e+00  6.2295 7.726e-10 ***      
                idMissouri               1.8207e+00  1.7318e+00  1.0513 0.2934458          
                idNebraska              -4.9695e-01  1.7298e+00 -0.2873 0.7739713          
                idNevada                 1.7324e+00  1.7317e+00  1.0004 0.3174470          
                idNewHampshire           2.5416e+00  1.7335e+00  1.4662 0.1430036          
                idNewJersey              1.0789e+01  1.8354e+00  5.8780 6.201e-09 ***      
                idNewMexico              3.1394e+00  1.7356e+00  1.8088 0.0708714 .        
                idNewYork                3.9617e+01  2.4193e+00 16.3757 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina          1.2617e+01  1.8061e+00  6.9855 6.181e-12 ***      
                idOhio                   1.6894e+01  1.9242e+00  8.7797 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOklahoma               1.1267e+00  1.7305e+00  0.6511 0.5151720          
                idOregon                 5.0428e+00  1.7760e+00  2.8394 0.0046404 **       
                idPennsylvania           1.7722e+01  1.9819e+00  8.9417 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland            7.3113e-01  1.7303e+00  0.4226 0.6727416          
                idSouthCarolina          9.8571e+00  1.7752e+00  5.5526 3.886e-08 ***      
                idSouthDakota           -1.7855e-01  1.7297e+00 -0.1032 0.9178112          
                idTennessee              2.7408e+00  1.7332e+00  1.5814 0.1141990          
                idTexas                  1.5646e+01  2.4628e+00  6.3530 3.626e-10 ***      
                idUtah                   2.2024e+00  1.7331e+00  1.2708 0.2041810          
                idVermont               -1.3881e-01  1.7297e+00 -0.0803 0.9360551          
                idVirginia               8.5286e+00  1.7651e+00  4.8318 1.636e-06 ***      
                idWashington             1.1007e+01  1.7943e+00  6.1342 1.372e-09 ***      
                idWisconsin              8.3602e+00  1.7656e+00  4.7349 2.612e-06 ***      
                time2001                -5.6048e+02  5.9482e+02 -0.9423 0.3463587          
                time2002                -5.8707e+02  6.2523e+02 -0.9390 0.3480471          
                time2003                -5.8904e+02  6.2622e+02 -0.9406 0.3471903          
                time2004                -6.7927e+02  7.2649e+02 -0.9350 0.3500861          
                time2005                -6.7219e+02  7.2136e+02 -0.9318 0.3517100          
                time2006                -5.4875e+02  5.9087e+02 -0.9287 0.3533267          
                time2007                -4.4875e+02  4.8520e+02 -0.9249 0.3553205          
                time2008                -2.8964e+02  3.1147e+02 -0.9299 0.3527089          
                time2009                -9.6888e+01  1.0601e+02 -0.9140 0.3610255          
                time2010                -7.4022e+01  8.0180e+01 -0.9232 0.3561998          
                time2011                -8.2106e+01  8.9401e+01 -0.9184 0.3586999          
                time2012                -6.3941e+01  7.2140e+01 -0.8864 0.3757051          
                time2013                -3.6979e+01  3.8348e+01 -0.9643 0.3352086          
                time2014                 1.2180e+01  2.1537e+01  0.5656 0.5718640          
                time2015                 1.0813e+01  1.1212e+01  0.9644 0.3351386          
                iis63                    8.2660e+01  5.9620e+00 13.8644 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis64                    6.4561e+01  5.9997e+00 10.7607 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis65                    9.7045e+01  6.1389e+00 15.8083 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis66                    1.0420e+02  6.4709e+00 16.1025 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis67                    5.5438e+01  6.7738e+00  8.1843 1.144e-15 ***      
                iis68                    6.2488e+01  6.4757e+00  9.6496 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis69                    5.3802e+01  6.3995e+00  8.4072 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis70                    5.5046e+01  6.3071e+00  8.7276 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis72                    2.9443e+01  5.9761e+00  4.9267 1.026e-06 ***      
                iis73                    3.0758e+01  5.9716e+00  5.1508 3.304e-07 ***      
                iis75                    1.8248e+01  5.9146e+00  3.0852 0.0021074 **       
                iis182                   2.7013e+01  5.5441e+00  4.8723 1.341e-06 ***      
                iis386                   3.0993e+01  5.8249e+00  5.3207 1.359e-07 ***      
                iis388                   4.3870e+01  5.6358e+00  7.7842 2.282e-14 ***      
                iis408                   2.2811e+01  5.5499e+00  4.1101 4.383e-05 ***      
                iis412                  -1.8240e+01  5.5743e+00 -3.2722 0.0011152 **       
                iis526                   2.5022e+01  5.5440e+00  4.5134 7.386e-06 ***      
                iis567                  -2.5215e+01  5.5591e+00 -4.5357 6.663e-06 ***      
                iis602                   2.4053e+01  5.5465e+00  4.3367 1.640e-05 ***      
                iis629                   2.1610e+01  5.5400e+00  3.9007 0.0001043 ***      
                iis653                   3.0298e+01  5.5495e+00  5.4595 6.460e-08 ***      
                iis656                   2.5391e+01  5.5513e+00  4.5740 5.581e-06 ***      
                fesisCalifornia.2004     2.9463e+01  4.4481e+00  6.6237 6.606e-11 ***      
                fesisMassachusetts.2008  7.1964e+00  2.7701e+00  2.5979 0.0095602 **       
                fesisNewYork.2018       -1.6301e+01  4.0490e+00 -4.0258 6.244e-05 ***      
                fesisTexas.2008          2.5251e+01  3.7506e+00  6.7326 3.274e-11 ***      
                fesisTexas.2011         -1.7304e+01  3.5967e+00 -4.8110 1.810e-06 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   14.833  1 0.0001174 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 25.436  1 4.572e-07 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     5.33116      
                R-squared            0.98246      
                Log-lik.(n=855)  -2598.59434      
us_q30

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 01:19:07 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 684       
                Sample: 1 to 684       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                            coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                   5.4114e-01  2.4213e-02 22.3496 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp                  4.5309e+03  8.9260e+03  0.5076 0.6119119          
                lpop                 -4.4557e+03  8.7027e+03 -0.5120 0.6088407          
                lgdp_sq              -1.0764e+02  2.1519e+02 -0.5002 0.6171069          
                avg_temp             -8.7838e+00  2.0266e+01 -0.4334 0.6648594          
                idCalifornia          3.7474e+01  4.2099e+00  8.9013 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado            4.6285e+00  2.0141e+00  2.2980 0.0219006 *        
                idConnecticut         7.8113e+00  2.0513e+00  3.8079 0.0001543 ***      
                idDelaware           -3.5586e+00  2.0067e+00 -1.7734 0.0766650 .        
                idDistrictofColumbia -8.3990e+00  2.0448e+00 -4.1075 4.546e-05 ***      
                idFlorida             5.2401e+00  2.0191e+00  2.5953 0.0096782 **       
                idGeorgia            -3.9691e+00  2.0313e+00 -1.9540 0.0511617 .        
                idIdaho              -8.2371e+00  2.0417e+00 -4.0344 6.170e-05 ***      
                idIllinois            4.8733e+00  2.0179e+00  2.4150 0.0160298 *        
                idIndiana            -5.4954e+00  2.0195e+00 -2.7212 0.0066910 **       
                idIowa               -8.3489e+00  2.0424e+00 -4.0878 4.938e-05 ***      
                idKentucky           -8.5608e+00  2.0449e+00 -4.1864 3.252e-05 ***      
                idMaryland           -3.7555e+00  2.0090e+00 -1.8694 0.0620524 .        
                idMassachusetts       1.6492e+01  2.3227e+00  7.1002 3.484e-12 ***      
                idMichigan            1.1068e+01  2.0900e+00  5.2956 1.659e-07 ***      
                idMinnesota           2.2716e+00  2.0055e+00  1.1327 0.2577892          
                idMissouri           -6.8436e+00  2.0281e+00 -3.3744 0.0007867 ***      
                idNevada             -6.9304e+00  2.0285e+00 -3.4165 0.0006766 ***      
                idNewHampshire       -6.1401e+00  2.0230e+00 -3.0351 0.0025068 **       
                idNewJersey           1.8836e+00  2.0400e+00  0.9233 0.3562054          
                idNewMexico          -5.5601e+00  2.0184e+00 -2.7547 0.0060493 **       
                idNewYork             2.6976e+01  2.4584e+00 10.9731 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina       3.6826e+00  2.0092e+00  1.8329 0.0673108 .        
                idOhio                7.8325e+00  2.0900e+00  3.7475 0.0001956 ***      
                idOklahoma           -7.5163e+00  2.0349e+00 -3.6937 0.0002409 ***      
                idOregon             -2.6037e+00  2.0039e+00 -1.2993 0.1943447          
                idPennsylvania        9.9679e+00  2.1154e+00  4.7120 3.042e-06 ***      
                idRhodeIsland        -7.9078e+00  2.0363e+00 -3.8833 0.0001143 ***      
                idSouthCarolina       9.9791e-01  2.0016e+00  0.4986 0.6182724          
                idTennessee          -5.9378e+00  2.0239e+00 -2.9339 0.0034731 **       
                idTexas               1.2818e+01  2.1547e+00  5.9488 4.557e-09 ***      
                idUtah               -6.4755e+00  2.0241e+00 -3.1992 0.0014496 **       
                idVirginia           -3.0085e-01  2.0013e+00 -0.1503 0.8805563          
                idWashington          2.0991e+00  2.0054e+00  1.0468 0.2956291          
                idWisconsin          -4.7095e-01  2.0013e+00 -0.2353 0.8140381          
                time2001             -6.5750e+02  1.2999e+03 -0.5058 0.6131594          
                time2002             -6.1889e+02  1.2255e+03 -0.5050 0.6137294          
                time2003             -6.3089e+02  1.2421e+03 -0.5079 0.6117018          
                time2004             -6.0920e+02  1.2052e+03 -0.5055 0.6134108          
                time2005             -5.8819e+02  1.1618e+03 -0.5063 0.6128335          
                time2006             -5.2524e+02  1.0398e+03 -0.5051 0.6136569          
                time2007             -4.7789e+02  9.4623e+02 -0.5050 0.6137098          
                time2008             -3.8913e+02  7.7938e+02 -0.4993 0.6177599          
                time2009             -1.7829e+02  3.7513e+02 -0.4753 0.6347645          
                time2010             -1.5990e+02  3.4059e+02 -0.4695 0.6388931          
                time2011             -1.5892e+02  3.3168e+02 -0.4791 0.6320223          
                time2012             -1.2256e+02  2.5476e+02 -0.4811 0.6306246          
                time2013             -9.8648e+01  2.1149e+02 -0.4664 0.6410695          
                time2014             -4.7043e+01  9.1971e+01 -0.5115 0.6091868          
                time2015             -1.6849e+01  4.2779e+01 -0.3939 0.6938115          
                iis25                 8.2360e+01  6.9177e+00 11.9057 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis26                 6.3526e+01  6.9643e+00  9.1217 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis27                 9.4387e+01  7.1219e+00 13.2531 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis28                 1.0081e+02  7.5033e+00 13.4358 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis29                 5.0617e+01  7.8464e+00  6.4510 2.266e-10 ***      
                iis30                 5.9849e+01  7.4968e+00  7.9834 7.116e-15 ***      
                iis31                 5.1308e+01  7.4127e+00  6.9216 1.135e-11 ***      
                iis32                 5.2400e+01  7.3110e+00  7.1673 2.222e-12 ***      
                iis34                 2.8139e+01  6.9324e+00  4.0591 5.569e-05 ***      
                iis35                 3.1076e+01  6.9250e+00  4.4875 8.618e-06 ***      
                iis37                 1.8035e+01  6.8619e+00  2.6283 0.0087970 **       
                iis144                2.6646e+01  6.4364e+00  4.1398 3.966e-05 ***      
                iis272                2.6158e+01  6.4472e+00  4.0572 5.612e-05 ***      
                iis274                4.5250e+01  6.4399e+00  7.0265 5.688e-12 ***      
                iis298               -2.0608e+01  6.4579e+00 -3.1912 0.0014900 **       
                iis393                2.4258e+01  6.4363e+00  3.7689 0.0001799 ***      
                iis469                2.3367e+01  6.4402e+00  3.6284 0.0003091 ***      
                iis520                2.9051e+01  6.4299e+00  4.5181 7.496e-06 ***      
                iis598                2.5725e+01  6.4303e+00  4.0006 7.097e-05 ***      
                fesisCalifornia.2004  2.8022e+01  5.1514e+00  5.4397 7.738e-08 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   16.407  1 5.109e-05 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 14.631  1 0.0001308 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     6.16823      
                R-squared            0.97979      
                Log-lik.(n=684)  -2177.53180      

0.05

us_all

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_all (2000:2020); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 01:15:46 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 969       
                Sample: 1 to 969       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                               coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                      5.3917e-01  1.7610e-02 30.6166 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp                     5.6304e+03  1.3234e+04  0.4255 0.6706163          
                lpop                    -4.6552e+03  1.0988e+04 -0.4237 0.6719118          
                lgdp_sq                 -1.9646e+02  4.6063e+02 -0.4265 0.6698499          
                avg_temp                 1.4277e+00  6.7813e+00  0.2105 0.8333033          
                idAlaska                -1.5058e+00  1.4485e+00 -1.0396 0.2988399          
                idArizona                7.7842e+00  1.8318e+00  4.2495 2.380e-05 ***      
                idArkansas              -6.0924e-01  1.4477e+00 -0.4208 0.6739775          
                idCalifornia             5.7214e+01  4.7700e+00 11.9947 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado               1.3292e+01  1.5247e+00  8.7178 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idConnecticut            2.1510e+01  2.1144e+00 10.1732 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware               7.8525e+00  1.7681e+00  4.4411 1.013e-05 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia     2.1196e-01  1.4476e+00  0.1464 0.8836258          
                idFlorida                1.3907e+01  1.5341e+00  9.0651 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idGeorgia                4.6298e+00  1.4890e+00  3.1093 0.0019379 **       
                idHawaii                -2.1265e-01  1.4476e+00 -0.1469 0.8832458          
                idIdaho                  3.7513e-01  1.4477e+00  0.2591 0.7956074          
                idIllinois               1.2797e+01  1.5528e+00  8.2412 6.433e-16 ***      
                idIndiana                3.1278e+00  1.4523e+00  2.1537 0.0315424 *        
                idIowa                   2.6305e-01  1.4477e+00  0.1817 0.8558599          
                idKansas                -3.2590e-01  1.4476e+00 -0.2251 0.8219295          
                idKentucky               5.0199e-02  1.4476e+00  0.0347 0.9723452          
                idLouisiana              8.0343e-02  1.4476e+00  0.0555 0.9557524          
                idMaine                  8.4998e-02  1.4476e+00  0.0587 0.9531923          
                idMaryland               4.8753e+00  1.4594e+00  3.3407 0.0008722 ***      
                idMassachusetts          2.0609e+01  2.2646e+00  9.1006 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan               1.6937e+01  1.9688e+00  8.6027 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota              1.0927e+01  1.5040e+00  7.2654 8.426e-13 ***      
                idMississippi           -1.1941e+00  1.4481e+00 -0.8246 0.4098113          
                idMissouri               1.7748e+00  1.4495e+00  1.2245 0.2211201          
                idMontana               -9.3404e-01  1.4478e+00 -0.6451 0.5190209          
                idNebraska              -4.8515e-01  1.4477e+00 -0.3351 0.7376247          
                idNevada                 1.6878e+00  1.4494e+00  1.1645 0.2445654          
                idNewHampshire           2.4810e+00  1.4509e+00  1.7099 0.0876426 .        
                idNewJersey              1.1299e+01  1.5535e+00  7.2731 7.987e-13 ***      
                idNewMexico              3.0637e+00  1.4528e+00  2.1089 0.0352483 *        
                idNewYork                4.3365e+01  3.5159e+00 12.3340 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina          1.2342e+01  1.5139e+00  8.1525 1.274e-15 ***      
                idNorthDakota           -1.1358e+00  1.4480e+00 -0.7844 0.4330478          
                idOhio                   1.6245e+01  1.6506e+00  9.8420 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOklahoma               1.0988e+00  1.4483e+00  0.7587 0.4482417          
                idOregon                 4.9184e+00  1.4872e+00  3.3071 0.0009823 ***      
                idPennsylvania           1.7166e+01  1.6639e+00 10.3166 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland            7.0673e-01  1.4481e+00  0.4880 0.6256549          
                idSouthCarolina          8.5746e+00  1.5062e+00  5.6927 1.722e-08 ***      
                idSouthDakota           -1.7946e-01  1.4476e+00 -0.1240 0.9013689          
                idTennessee              2.6828e+00  1.4506e+00  1.8494 0.0647507 .        
                idTexas                  1.5276e+01  2.0593e+00  7.4177 2.889e-13 ***      
                idUtah                   2.1450e+00  1.4506e+00  1.4788 0.1395774          
                idVermont               -1.4010e-01  1.4476e+00 -0.0968 0.9229238          
                idVirginia               8.3428e+00  1.4784e+00  5.6433 2.273e-08 ***      
                idWashington             8.5568e+00  1.5466e+00  5.5326 4.204e-08 ***      
                idWestVirginia          -1.0628e+00  1.4479e+00 -0.7340 0.4631605          
                idWisconsin              8.1730e+00  1.4788e+00  5.5267 4.342e-08 ***      
                idWyoming               -9.0512e-01  1.4478e+00 -0.6252 0.5320225          
                time2001                -2.0667e+02  4.7162e+02 -0.4382 0.6613479          
                time2002                -2.1504e+02  4.9573e+02 -0.4338 0.6645585          
                time2003                -2.1635e+02  4.9650e+02 -0.4357 0.6631297          
                time2004                -2.4811e+02  5.7600e+02 -0.4308 0.6667564          
                time2005                -2.4454e+02  5.7192e+02 -0.4276 0.6690698          
                time2006                -1.9855e+02  4.6846e+02 -0.4238 0.6717910          
                time2007                -1.6201e+02  3.8469e+02 -0.4211 0.6737570          
                time2008                -1.0509e+02  2.4694e+02 -0.4256 0.6705272          
                time2009                -3.4655e+01  8.4046e+01 -0.4123 0.6802012          
                time2010                -2.7076e+01  6.3563e+01 -0.4260 0.6702406          
                time2011                -2.9296e+01  7.0881e+01 -0.4133 0.6794852          
                time2012                -2.1950e+01  5.7203e+01 -0.3837 0.7012808          
                time2013                -1.4155e+01  3.0390e+01 -0.4658 0.6414988          
                time2014                 1.5534e+00  1.7094e+01  0.0909 0.9276165          
                time2015                 4.4021e+00  8.8851e+00  0.4954 0.6204174          
                iis78                   -3.6707e+01  5.1884e+00 -7.0749 3.130e-12 ***      
                iis79                   -3.1819e+01  5.2251e+00 -6.0897 1.712e-09 ***      
                iis82                    8.3485e+01  4.9855e+00 16.7454 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis83                    6.5156e+01  5.0188e+00 12.9826 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis84                    9.6841e+01  5.1405e+00 18.8388 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis85                    1.0424e+02  5.4315e+00 19.1919 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis86                    5.4964e+01  5.7043e+00  9.6356 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis87                    6.1724e+01  5.4503e+00 11.3249 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis88                    5.3549e+01  5.3744e+00  9.9637 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis89                    5.4285e+01  5.2887e+00 10.2644 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis91                    2.9160e+01  4.9971e+00  5.8354 7.628e-09 ***      
                iis92                    3.0247e+01  4.9930e+00  6.0578 2.071e-09 ***      
                iis94                    1.8055e+01  4.9454e+00  3.6509 0.0002773 ***      
                iis117                   1.0055e+01  4.8204e+00  2.0859 0.0372869 *        
                iis144                  -1.1447e+01  4.7911e+00 -2.3891 0.0171051 *        
                iis201                   2.7376e+01  4.6358e+00  5.9052 5.090e-09 ***      
                iis265                   1.4115e+01  4.6332e+00  3.0464 0.0023874 **       
                iis405                   3.1035e+01  4.8684e+00  6.3747 3.005e-10 ***      
                iis407                   4.4265e+01  4.7111e+00  9.3957 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis427                   1.2523e+01  5.2280e+00  2.3954 0.0168186 *        
                iis431                  -1.4638e+01  4.8945e+00 -2.9906 0.0028645 **       
                iis583                   2.4263e+01  4.6402e+00  5.2288 2.150e-07 ***      
                iis584                  -1.4323e+01  4.6562e+00 -3.0762 0.0021641 **       
                iis622                  -1.9669e+01  4.6950e+00 -4.1894 3.090e-05 ***      
                iis624                  -2.7972e+01  4.6917e+00 -5.9619 3.653e-09 ***      
                iis672                   1.9675e+01  4.6473e+00  4.2337 2.550e-05 ***      
                iis678                   2.4386e+01  4.6496e+00  5.2448 1.976e-07 ***      
                iis679                  -1.5524e+01  4.6588e+00 -3.3322 0.0008989 ***      
                iis705                   2.1179e+01  4.6317e+00  4.5727 5.531e-06 ***      
                iis729                   3.1162e+01  4.6393e+00  6.7169 3.398e-11 ***      
                iis732                   2.6304e+01  4.6417e+00  5.6670 1.990e-08 ***      
                iis777                   2.0360e+01  4.6307e+00  4.3966 1.239e-05 ***      
                iis826                   1.2058e+01  5.2072e+00  2.3157 0.0208114 *        
                iis828                  -2.3012e+01  5.2241e+00 -4.4049 1.194e-05 ***      
                iis835                  -1.6329e+01  4.8697e+00 -3.3532 0.0008343 ***      
                iis902                   2.1239e+01  4.6406e+00  4.5767 5.428e-06 ***      
                iis904                   2.0523e+01  4.6416e+00  4.4216 1.107e-05 ***      
                fesisArizona.2010        1.9357e+01  4.7545e+00  4.0713 5.111e-05 ***      
                fesisArizona.2011       -1.9690e+01  4.7529e+00 -4.1428 3.774e-05 ***      
                fesisCalifornia.2002     1.6342e+01  5.3450e+00  3.0574 0.0023029 **       
                fesisConnecticut.2009   -9.5801e+00  2.1867e+00 -4.3810 1.329e-05 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2011      -4.5929e+00  2.1447e+00 -2.1415 0.0325194 *        
                fesisMassachusetts.2008  6.9809e+00  2.3220e+00  3.0064 0.0027213 **       
                fesisMichigan.2009       1.2869e+01  3.1035e+00  4.1467 3.711e-05 ***      
                fesisMichigan.2013      -1.5214e+01  3.2257e+00 -4.7165 2.805e-06 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2003       -2.2646e+01  5.5320e+00 -4.0937 4.651e-05 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2004        2.0351e+01  4.6927e+00  4.3369 1.619e-05 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2018       -1.8961e+01  3.4493e+00 -5.4970 5.112e-08 ***      
                fesisTexas.2008          2.2186e+01  3.1435e+00  7.0577 3.519e-12 ***      
                fesisTexas.2013         -1.3505e+01  3.1887e+00 -4.2353 2.532e-05 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   16.492  1 4.885e-05 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 28.965  1 7.371e-08 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     4.46179      
                R-squared            0.98688      
                Log-lik.(n=969)  -2764.14002      
us_q20

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q20 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 01:18:50 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 855       
                Sample: 1 to 855       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                               coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                      5.5100e-01  1.9048e-02 28.9274 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp                     6.1237e+03  1.4993e+04  0.4084 0.6830701          
                lpop                    -5.0625e+03  1.2448e+04 -0.4067 0.6843539          
                lgdp_sq                 -2.1367e+02  5.2185e+02 -0.4095 0.6823236          
                avg_temp                 1.4873e+00  7.6840e+00  0.1936 0.8465785          
                idArizona                8.4349e+00  1.5736e+00  5.3603 1.111e-07 ***      
                idArkansas              -5.9940e-01  1.5368e+00 -0.3900 0.6966208          
                idCalifornia             5.6796e+01  5.0796e+00 11.1811 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado               8.0046e+00  2.2566e+00  3.5472 0.0004139 ***      
                idConnecticut            2.1066e+01  2.2544e+00  9.3444 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDelaware               5.6962e+00  1.5730e+00  3.6213 0.0003131 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia     2.0668e-01  1.5367e+00  0.1345 0.8930477          
                idFlorida                1.3566e+01  1.6319e+00  8.3128 4.464e-16 ***      
                idGeorgia                4.4790e+00  1.5818e+00  2.8315 0.0047582 **       
                idHawaii                -2.0955e-01  1.5367e+00 -0.1364 0.8915699          
                idIdaho                  3.6236e-01  1.5368e+00  0.2358 0.8136657          
                idIllinois               1.2445e+01  1.6516e+00  7.5352 1.426e-13 ***      
                idIndiana                3.0497e+00  1.5418e+00  1.9780 0.0482985 *        
                idIowa                   2.5194e-01  1.5368e+00  0.1639 0.8698218          
                idKansas                -3.2354e-01  1.5367e+00 -0.2105 0.8333004          
                idKentucky               4.5118e-02  1.5367e+00  0.0294 0.9765853          
                idLouisiana              7.9576e-02  1.5367e+00  0.0518 0.9587146          
                idMaine                  8.0464e-02  1.5367e+00  0.0524 0.9582549          
                idMaryland               4.7511e+00  1.5496e+00  3.0659 0.0022488 **       
                idMassachusetts          2.0159e+01  2.4165e+00  8.3421 3.560e-16 ***      
                idMichigan               1.9849e+01  1.9557e+00 10.1490 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMinnesota              1.0653e+01  1.5988e+00  6.6633 5.230e-11 ***      
                idMissouri               1.7251e+00  1.5388e+00  1.1211 0.2626122          
                idNebraska              -4.7235e-01  1.5368e+00 -0.3074 0.7586582          
                idNevada                 1.6394e+00  1.5387e+00  1.0655 0.2870131          
                idNewHampshire           2.4152e+00  1.5403e+00  1.5680 0.1173153          
                idNewJersey              1.0979e+01  1.6521e+00  6.6454 5.866e-11 ***      
                idNewMexico              2.9816e+00  1.5424e+00  1.9331 0.0536034 .        
                idNewYork                4.3010e+01  3.7479e+00 11.4756 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina          1.2045e+01  1.6097e+00  7.4826 2.072e-13 ***      
                idOhio                   1.7525e+01  1.7495e+00 10.0169 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idOklahoma               1.0686e+00  1.5375e+00  0.6950 0.4872523          
                idOregon                 4.7381e+00  1.5794e+00  2.9999 0.0027916 **       
                idPennsylvania           1.6755e+01  1.7736e+00  9.4473 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland            6.8028e-01  1.5373e+00  0.4425 0.6582390          
                idSouthCarolina          8.3334e+00  1.6004e+00  5.2069 2.490e-07 ***      
                idSouthDakota           -1.8045e-01  1.5367e+00 -0.1174 0.9065537          
                idTennessee              2.6198e+00  1.5400e+00  1.7012 0.0893337 .        
                idTexas                  1.5017e+01  2.1935e+00  6.8460 1.596e-11 ***      
                idUtah                   2.0828e+00  1.5399e+00  1.3525 0.1766254          
                idVermont               -1.4149e-01  1.5367e+00 -0.0921 0.9266630          
                idVirginia               8.1414e+00  1.5706e+00  5.1837 2.809e-07 ***      
                idWashington             9.2222e+00  2.0410e+00  4.5185 7.248e-06 ***      
                idWisconsin              7.9701e+00  1.5711e+00  5.0730 4.956e-07 ***      
                time2001                -2.2471e+02  5.3430e+02 -0.4206 0.6741938          
                time2002                -2.3384e+02  5.6161e+02 -0.4164 0.6772629          
                time2003                -2.3532e+02  5.6248e+02 -0.4184 0.6758040          
                time2004                -2.6984e+02  6.5255e+02 -0.4135 0.6793474          
                time2005                -2.6530e+02  6.4793e+02 -0.4095 0.6823227          
                time2006                -2.1591e+02  5.3072e+02 -0.4068 0.6842542          
                time2007                -1.7588e+02  4.3581e+02 -0.4036 0.6866425          
                time2008                -1.1431e+02  2.7975e+02 -0.4086 0.6829415          
                time2009                -3.7615e+01  9.5212e+01 -0.3951 0.6929048          
                time2010                -2.8519e+01  7.2007e+01 -0.3961 0.6921727          
                time2011                -3.1701e+01  8.0299e+01 -0.3948 0.6931174          
                time2012                -2.3364e+01  6.4804e+01 -0.3605 0.7185476          
                time2013                -1.5536e+01  3.4425e+01 -0.4513 0.6519098          
                time2014                 1.3233e+00  1.9371e+01  0.0683 0.9455528          
                time2015                 4.7555e+00  1.0067e+01  0.4724 0.6368065          
                iis59                   -3.5470e+01  5.5219e+00 -6.4236 2.381e-10 ***      
                iis60                   -3.0527e+01  5.5618e+00 -5.4887 5.567e-08 ***      
                iis63                    8.3857e+01  5.3021e+00 15.8157 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis64                    6.4102e+01  5.3374e+00 12.0099 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis65                    9.5568e+01  5.4742e+00 17.4578 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis66                    1.0214e+02  5.7861e+00 17.6517 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis67                    5.1653e+01  6.0785e+00  8.4977 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis68                    5.9687e+01  5.7990e+00 10.2926 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis69                    5.1368e+01  5.7181e+00  8.9834 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis70                    5.2806e+01  5.6302e+00  9.3791 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis72                    2.8594e+01  5.3143e+00  5.3806 9.970e-08 ***      
                iis73                    2.9877e+01  5.3096e+00  5.6270 2.602e-08 ***      
                iis75                    1.7896e+01  5.2579e+00  3.4037 0.0007005 ***      
                iis98                    1.0415e+01  5.1238e+00  2.0327 0.0424420 *        
                iis125                  -1.4435e+01  4.9299e+00 -2.9281 0.0035151 **       
                iis182                   2.7145e+01  4.9297e+00  5.5065 5.053e-08 ***      
                iis246                   1.4391e+01  4.9257e+00  2.9216 0.0035881 **       
                iis386                   3.1024e+01  5.1754e+00  5.9946 3.187e-09 ***      
                iis388                   4.4311e+01  5.0103e+00  8.8440 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis408                   2.1657e+01  5.0082e+00  4.3243 1.740e-05 ***      
                iis412                  -1.5276e+01  5.2034e+00 -2.9358 0.0034297 **       
                iis526                   2.4277e+01  4.9334e+00  4.9209 1.062e-06 ***      
                iis527                  -1.4108e+01  4.9496e+00 -2.8503 0.0044894 **       
                iis555                   2.8097e+01  5.8754e+00  4.7822 2.093e-06 ***      
                iis565                  -2.0238e+01  5.0290e+00 -4.0243 6.301e-05 ***      
                iis567                  -2.8573e+01  5.0256e+00 -5.6855 1.877e-08 ***      
                iis597                  -9.9984e+00  4.9569e+00 -2.0171 0.0440498 *        
                iis602                   2.2730e+01  4.9432e+00  4.5982 5.012e-06 ***      
                iis603                  -1.7007e+01  4.9539e+00 -3.4330 0.0006302 ***      
                iis629                   2.1574e+01  4.9239e+00  4.3814 1.350e-05 ***      
                iis653                   3.0826e+01  4.9314e+00  6.2510 6.888e-10 ***      
                iis656                   2.4924e+01  4.9341e+00  5.0513 5.533e-07 ***      
                iis701                   2.0596e+01  4.9226e+00  4.1841 3.207e-05 ***      
                iis750                   1.3030e+01  5.8722e+00  2.2189 0.0267979 *        
                iis752                  -1.2364e+01  5.1470e+00 -2.4022 0.0165435 *        
                iis759                  -1.8387e+01  5.1240e+00 -3.5885 0.0003545 ***      
                iis826                   3.1051e+01  6.7898e+00  4.5732 5.631e-06 ***      
                iis828                   1.9843e+01  5.0878e+00  3.9001 0.0001049 ***      
                fesisCalifornia.2002     1.4783e+01  5.6921e+00  2.5971 0.0095893 **       
                fesisColorado.2007       1.6275e+01  3.9156e+00  4.1564 3.611e-05 ***      
                fesisColorado.2009      -1.0656e+01  3.6915e+00 -2.8866 0.0040072 **       
                fesisConnecticut.2009   -9.5891e+00  2.3268e+00 -4.1211 4.198e-05 ***      
                fesisMassachusetts.2008  6.5441e+00  2.4675e+00  2.6521 0.0081714 **       
                fesisMichigan.2013      -5.3757e+00  2.4359e+00 -2.2068 0.0276334 *        
                fesisNewYork.2003       -2.2836e+01  4.8089e+00 -4.7488 2.458e-06 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2006        2.0888e+01  3.7135e+00  5.6249 2.633e-08 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2018       -1.9458e+01  3.7190e+00 -5.2321 2.184e-07 ***      
                fesisTexas.2008          2.0458e+01  3.8718e+00  5.2840 1.664e-07 ***      
                fesisTexas.2011         -9.9111e+00  3.8445e+00 -2.5780 0.0101300 *        
                fesisWashington.2009    -1.1102e+01  5.0983e+00 -2.1776 0.0297485 *        
                fesisWashington.2011     1.0573e+01  5.0906e+00  2.0770 0.0381449 *        
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   20.716  1 5.326e-06 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 13.339  1   0.00026 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     4.73637      
                R-squared            0.98659      
                Log-lik.(n=855)  -2485.44960      
us_q30

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp      
                us_q30 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.05; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Mon Mar 27 01:19:10 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 684       
                Sample: 1 to 684       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                               coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                      5.2468e-01  2.1891e-02 23.9677 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp                    -5.1913e+03  7.8352e+03 -0.6626 0.5078765          
                lpop                     5.0396e+03  7.6395e+03  0.6597 0.5097217          
                lgdp_sq                  1.2609e+02  1.8888e+02  0.6675 0.5046880          
                avg_temp                 1.2626e+01  1.7775e+01  0.7103 0.4777717          
                idCalifornia             5.0554e+01  5.6593e+00  8.9329 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado               4.7832e+00  1.7416e+00  2.7465 0.0062071 **       
                idConnecticut            1.4716e+01  2.3265e+00  6.3253 4.998e-10 ***      
                idDelaware              -3.6592e+00  1.7345e+00 -2.1096 0.0353107 *        
                idDistrictofColumbia    -8.6845e+00  1.7705e+00 -4.9050 1.210e-06 ***      
                idFlorida                5.4221e+00  1.7462e+00  3.1051 0.0019935 **       
                idGeorgia               -4.0548e+00  1.7555e+00 -2.3098 0.0212462 *        
                idIdaho                 -8.5121e+00  1.7676e+00 -4.8156 1.867e-06 ***      
                idIllinois               5.0494e+00  1.7452e+00  2.8934 0.0039517 **       
                idIndiana               -5.6795e+00  1.7466e+00 -3.2517 0.0012125 **       
                idIowa                  -8.6262e+00  1.7682e+00 -4.8784 1.378e-06 ***      
                idKentucky              -8.8465e+00  1.7706e+00 -4.9963 7.712e-07 ***      
                idMaryland              -3.8755e+00  1.7367e+00 -2.2315 0.0260216 *        
                idMassachusetts          1.2900e+01  2.6150e+00  4.9332 1.053e-06 ***      
                idMichigan               1.0192e+01  1.8383e+00  5.5441 4.461e-08 ***      
                idMinnesota              2.3603e+00  1.7334e+00  1.3617 0.1738211          
                idMissouri              -7.0671e+00  1.7547e+00 -4.0275 6.374e-05 ***      
                idNevada                -7.1559e+00  1.7552e+00 -4.0771 5.187e-05 ***      
                idNewHampshire          -6.3413e+00  1.7499e+00 -3.6237 0.0003154 ***      
                idNewJersey              2.0182e+00  1.7637e+00  1.1443 0.2529585          
                idNewMexico             -5.7386e+00  1.7456e+00 -3.2875 0.0010708 **       
                idNewYork                3.5981e+01  2.3237e+00 15.4843 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina          3.8041e+00  1.7369e+00  2.1902 0.0289032 *        
                idOhio                   6.0636e+00  1.8683e+00  3.2455 0.0012387 **       
                idOklahoma              -7.7670e+00  1.7612e+00 -4.4101 1.228e-05 ***      
                idOregon                -3.8314e+00  1.7566e+00 -2.1811 0.0295675 *        
                idPennsylvania           8.6807e+00  2.3056e+00  3.7651 0.0001832 ***      
                idRhodeIsland           -8.1637e+00  1.7625e+00 -4.6318 4.463e-06 ***      
                idSouthCarolina         -9.3513e-02  1.7542e+00 -0.0533 0.9575036          
                idTennessee             -6.1430e+00  1.7508e+00 -3.5088 0.0004845 ***      
                idTexas                  7.2212e+00  2.3996e+00  3.0094 0.0027296 **       
                idUtah                  -6.6816e+00  1.7510e+00 -3.8160 0.0001500 ***      
                idVirginia              -3.1320e-01  1.7294e+00 -0.1811 0.8563504          
                idWashington             1.1837e+00  1.7584e+00  0.6732 0.5011071          
                idWisconsin             -4.8119e-01  1.7294e+00 -0.2782 0.7809251          
                time2001                 7.5602e+02  1.1410e+03  0.6626 0.5078462          
                time2002                 7.1380e+02  1.0757e+03  0.6636 0.5072338          
                time2003                 7.2213e+02  1.0904e+03  0.6623 0.5080425          
                time2004                 7.0215e+02  1.0579e+03  0.6637 0.5071363          
                time2005                 6.7756e+02  1.0198e+03  0.6644 0.5066863          
                time2006                 6.0723e+02  9.1277e+02  0.6653 0.5061434          
                time2007                 5.5262e+02  8.3062e+02  0.6653 0.5061116          
                time2008                 4.5845e+02  6.8414e+02  0.6701 0.5030470          
                time2009                 2.2817e+02  3.2927e+02  0.6930 0.4886002          
                time2010                 2.0774e+02  2.9893e+02  0.6949 0.4873706          
                time2011                 1.9977e+02  2.9112e+02  0.6862 0.4928411          
                time2012                 1.5461e+02  2.2363e+02  0.6914 0.4896075          
                time2013                 1.2963e+02  1.8562e+02  0.6984 0.4852122          
                time2014                 5.2910e+01  8.0728e+01  0.6554 0.5124617          
                time2015                 2.8577e+01  3.7540e+01  0.7612 0.4468167          
                iis21                   -3.7958e+01  6.2295e+00 -6.0932 1.999e-09 ***      
                iis22                   -3.3224e+01  6.2813e+00 -5.2893 1.733e-07 ***      
                iis25                    8.1944e+01  5.9853e+00 13.6910 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis26                    6.5130e+01  6.0277e+00 10.8051 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis27                    9.6625e+01  6.1783e+00 15.6393 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis28                    1.0342e+02  6.5344e+00 15.8267 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis29                    5.4562e+01  6.8622e+00  7.9511 9.453e-15 ***      
                iis30                    6.2663e+01  6.5324e+00  9.5927 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis31                    5.2977e+01  6.4615e+00  8.1988 1.520e-15 ***      
                iis32                    5.4410e+01  6.3569e+00  8.5592 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis34                    2.9042e+01  5.9990e+00  4.8411 1.651e-06 ***      
                iis35                    3.1096e+01  5.9944e+00  5.1875 2.935e-07 ***      
                iis37                    1.7860e+01  5.9320e+00  3.0108 0.0027172 **       
                iis144                   2.7021e+01  5.5654e+00  4.8551 1.543e-06 ***      
                iis272                   3.0274e+01  5.8417e+00  5.1823 3.013e-07 ***      
                iis274                   4.3649e+01  5.6532e+00  7.7211 4.962e-14 ***      
                iis294                   2.1792e+01  5.5668e+00  3.9147 0.0001011 ***      
                iis298                  -1.8944e+01  5.5919e+00 -3.3876 0.0007519 ***      
                iis393                   2.4282e+01  5.5625e+00  4.3652 1.499e-05 ***      
                iis421                  -2.2275e+01  5.6336e+00 -3.9539 8.622e-05 ***      
                iis423                  -2.2226e+01  5.6354e+00 -3.9440 8.977e-05 ***      
                iis430                  -1.5479e+01  5.6584e+00 -2.7356 0.0064136 **       
                iis432                  -2.0547e+01  5.6322e+00 -3.6481 0.0002875 ***      
                iis434                  -2.9687e+01  5.6309e+00 -5.2721 1.895e-07 ***      
                iis463                   2.1462e+01  5.5778e+00  3.8477 0.0001322 ***      
                iis469                   2.5394e+01  5.5845e+00  4.5472 6.599e-06 ***      
                iis473                   1.6396e+01  5.5775e+00  2.9396 0.0034153 **       
                iis496                   2.1983e+01  5.5576e+00  3.9554 8.570e-05 ***      
                iis520                   3.1294e+01  5.7391e+00  5.4528 7.301e-08 ***      
                iis568                   2.1223e+01  5.5580e+00  3.8185 0.0001485 ***      
                iis657                   1.9055e+01  5.5616e+00  3.4262 0.0006546 ***      
                fesisCalifornia.2002     1.7475e+01  6.4245e+00  2.7201 0.0067189 **       
                fesisConnecticut.2009   -1.1397e+01  2.5282e+00 -4.5079 7.900e-06 ***      
                fesisMassachusetts.2008  6.6104e+00  2.7774e+00  2.3800 0.0176280 *        
                fesisNewYork.2018       -2.1216e+01  4.1325e+00 -5.1338 3.861e-07 ***      
                fesisPennsylvania.2010   2.4576e+01  5.7405e+00  4.2812 2.170e-05 ***      
                fesisPennsylvania.2011  -2.3984e+01  5.7020e+00 -4.2062 3.001e-05 ***      
                fesisTexas.2008          2.4159e+01  3.7592e+00  6.4268 2.689e-10 ***      
                fesisTexas.2011         -1.6495e+01  3.6088e+00 -4.5708 5.922e-06 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   17.4739  1 2.913e-05 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1)  7.2094  1  0.007252 **       
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     5.33025      
                R-squared            0.98538      
                Log-lik.(n=684)  -2068.15822